Genetic relatedness of the novel human group C betacoronavirus to Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4 and Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5
Identifieur interne : 002A79 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 002A78; suivant : 002A80Genetic relatedness of the novel human group C betacoronavirus to Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4 and Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5
Auteurs : Patrick Cy Woo [République populaire de Chine] ; Susanna Kp Lau [République populaire de Chine] ; Kenneth Sm Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Alan Kl Tsang [République populaire de Chine] ; Kwok-Yung Yuen [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Emerging Microbes & Infections [ 2222-1751 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
The recent outbreak of severe respiratory infections associated with a novel group C betacoronavirus (HCoV-EMC) from Saudi Arabia has drawn global attention to another highly probable “SARS-like” animal-to-human interspecies jumping event in coronavirus (CoV). The genome of HCoV-EMC is most closely related to
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/emi.2012.45
PubMed: 26038405
PubMed Central: 3630921
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Kong</institution>, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Kenneth Sm" sort="Li, Kenneth Sm" uniqKey="Li K" first="Kenneth Sm" last="Li">Kenneth Sm Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsang, Alan Kl" sort="Tsang, Alan Kl" uniqKey="Tsang A" first="Alan Kl" last="Tsang">Alan Kl Tsang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country 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Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lau, Susanna Kp" sort="Lau, Susanna Kp" uniqKey="Lau S" first="Susanna Kp" last="Lau">Susanna Kp Lau</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Kenneth Sm" sort="Li, Kenneth Sm" uniqKey="Li K" first="Kenneth Sm" last="Li">Kenneth Sm Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsang, Alan Kl" sort="Tsang, Alan Kl" uniqKey="Tsang A" first="Alan Kl" last="Tsang">Alan Kl Tsang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, Kwok Yung" sort="Yuen, Kwok Yung" uniqKey="Yuen K" first="Kwok-Yung" last="Yuen">Kwok-Yung Yuen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Emerging Microbes & Infections</title><idno type="eISSN">2222-1751</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The recent outbreak of severe respiratory infections associated with a novel group C betacoronavirus (HCoV-EMC) from Saudi Arabia has drawn global attention to another highly probable “SARS-like” animal-to-human interspecies jumping event in coronavirus (CoV). The genome of HCoV-EMC is most closely related to <italic>Tylonycteris</italic> bat coronavirus HKU4 (Ty-BatCoV HKU4) and <italic>Pipistrellus</italic> bat coronavirus HKU5 (Pi-BatCoV HKU5) we discovered in 2006. Phylogenetically, HCoV-EMC is clustered with Ty-BatCoV HKU4/Pi-BatCoV HKU5 with high bootstrap supports, indicating that HCoV-EMC is a group C betaCoV. The major difference between HCoV-EMC and Ty-BatCoV HKU4/Pi-BatCoV HKU5 is in the region between S and E, where HCoV-EMC possesses five ORFs (NS3a-NS3e) instead of four, with low (31%–62%) amino acid identities to Ty-BatCoV HKU4/Pi-BatCoV HKU5. Comparison of the seven conserved replicase domains for species demarcation shows that HCoV-EMC is a novel CoV species. More intensive surveillance studies in bats and other animals may reveal the natural host of HCoV-EMC.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zaki, Am" uniqKey="Zaki A">AM Zaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Boheemen, S" uniqKey="Van Boheemen S">S van Boheemen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bestebroer, Tm" uniqKey="Bestebroer T">TM Bestebroer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Der Hoek, L" uniqKey="Van Der Hoek L">L van der Hoek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pyrc, K" uniqKey="Pyrc K">K Pyrc</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jebbink, Mf" uniqKey="Jebbink M">MF Jebbink</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Woo, Pc" uniqKey="Woo P">PC Woo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lau, Sk" uniqKey="Lau S">SK Lau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, Cm" uniqKey="Chu C">CM Chu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Woo, Pc" uniqKey="Woo P">PC Woo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lau, Sk" uniqKey="Lau S">SK Lau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lam, Cs" uniqKey="Lam C">CS Lam</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Woo, Pc" uniqKey="Woo P">PC Woo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lau, Sk" uniqKey="Lau S">SK Lau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lam, Cs" uniqKey="Lam C">CS Lam</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lau, Sk" uniqKey="Lau S">SK Lau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Woo, Pc" uniqKey="Woo P">PC Woo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yip, Cc" uniqKey="Yip C">CC Yip</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lau, Sk" uniqKey="Lau S">SK Lau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Woo, Pc" uniqKey="Woo P">PC Woo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Emerg Microbes Infect</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Emerg Microbes Infect</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Emerging Microbes & Infections</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2222-1751</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26038405</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3630921</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">emi201245</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/emi.2012.45</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Commentary</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Genetic relatedness of the novel human group C betacoronavirus to <italic>Tylonycteris</italic> bat coronavirus HKU4 and <italic>Pipistrellus</italic> bat coronavirus HKU5</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running">Novel human group C betacoronaviousPCY Woo</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Woo</surname><given-names>Patrick CY</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="note1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lau</surname><given-names>Susanna KP</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="note1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Kenneth SM</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tsang</surname><given-names>Alan KL</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yuen</surname><given-names>Kwok-Yung</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><institution>Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong, China</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><institution>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong, China</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><institution>Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong, China</aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label><institution>Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong, China</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="caf1"><label>*</label>E-mail: <email>kyyuen@hkucc.hku.hk</email></corresp><fn fn-type="present-address" id="note1"><label>*</label><p>PCY Woo and SKP Lau contributed equally to the manuscript.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>1</day><month>11</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>e35</fpage><lpage></lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012 Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/"><pmc-comment>author-paid</pmc-comment>
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>The recent outbreak of severe respiratory infections associated with a novel group C betacoronavirus (HCoV-EMC) from Saudi Arabia has drawn global attention to another highly probable “SARS-like” animal-to-human interspecies jumping event in coronavirus (CoV). The genome of HCoV-EMC is most closely related to <italic>Tylonycteris</italic> bat coronavirus HKU4 (Ty-BatCoV HKU4) and <italic>Pipistrellus</italic> bat coronavirus HKU5 (Pi-BatCoV HKU5) we discovered in 2006. Phylogenetically, HCoV-EMC is clustered with Ty-BatCoV HKU4/Pi-BatCoV HKU5 with high bootstrap supports, indicating that HCoV-EMC is a group C betaCoV. The major difference between HCoV-EMC and Ty-BatCoV HKU4/Pi-BatCoV HKU5 is in the region between S and E, where HCoV-EMC possesses five ORFs (NS3a-NS3e) instead of four, with low (31%–62%) amino acid identities to Ty-BatCoV HKU4/Pi-BatCoV HKU5. Comparison of the seven conserved replicase domains for species demarcation shows that HCoV-EMC is a novel CoV species. More intensive surveillance studies in bats and other animals may reveal the natural host of HCoV-EMC.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Genome organizations of HCoV-EMC and other betaCoVs. Papain-like proteases (PL1<sup>pro</sup>, PL2<sup>pro</sup> and PL<sup>pro</sup>), chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL<sup>pro</sup>) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) are represented by orange boxes. Haemagglutinin esterase (HE), spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N) are represented by green boxes. Putative accessory proteins are represented by blue boxes. HCoV-EMC is shown in bold.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="emi201245f1"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Phylogenetic analysis of HCoV-EMC. The trees were constructed by the neighbor-joining method using Kimura correction and bootstrap values calculated from 1000 trees. 318, 951, 600, 1491 and 510 amino acid positions in chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL<sup>pro</sup>), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), helicase (Hel), spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) respectively were included in the analysis. For 3CL<sup>pro</sup>, S and N, the scale bars indicate the estimated number of substitutions per 20 amino acids. For RdRp and Hel, the scale bars indicate the estimated number of substitutions per 50 amino acids. PEDV, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (NC_003436); Sc-BatCoV-512, <italic>Scotophilus</italic> bat coronavirus 512 (NC_009657); TGEV, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (NC_002306); FIPV, feline infectious peritonitis virus (AY994055); CCoV, canine coronavirus (GQ477367); PRCV, porcine respiratory coronavirus (DQ811787); Rh-BatCoV-HKU2, <italic>Rhinolophus</italic> bat coronavirus HKU2 (EF203064); Mi-BatCoV 1A, <italic>Miniopterus</italic> bat coronavirus 1A (NC_010437); Mi-BatCoV 1B, <italic>Miniopterus</italic> bat coronavirus 1B (NC_010436); Mi-BatCoV-HKU8, <italic>Miniopterus</italic> bat coronavirus HKU8 (NC_010438); Hi-BatCoV HKU10, <italic>Hipposideros</italic> bat coronavirus HKU10 (JQ989269); Ro-BatCoV HKU10, <italic>Rousettus</italic> bat coronavirus HKU10 (JQ989270); HCoV-229E, human coronavirus 229E (NC_002645); HCoV-NL63, human coronavirus NL63 (NC_005831); HCoV OC43, human coronavirus OC43 (NC_005147); BCoV, bovine coronavirus (NC_003045); AntelopeCoV, sable antelope coronavirus (EF424621); GiCoV, giraffe coronavirus (EF424622); ECoV, equine coronavirus (NC_010327); PHEV, porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (NC_007732); MHV, murine hepatitis virus (NC_001846); RCoV, rat coronavirus (NC_012936); RbCoV HKU14, rabbit coronavirus HKU14 (NC_017083); HCoV-HKU1, human coronavirus HKU1 (NC_006577); Ty-BatCoV-HKU4, <italic>Tylonycteris</italic> bat coronavirus HKU4 (NC_009019); Pi-BatCoV-HKU5, <italic>Pipistrellus</italic> bat coronavirus HKU5 (NC_009020); SARS CoV, SARS-related human coronavirus (NC_004718); SARSr-Rh-BatCoV HKU3, SARS-related <italic>Rhinolophus</italic> bat coronavirus HKU3 (DQ022305); SARSr CoV CFB, SARS-related Chinese ferret badger coronavirus (AY545919); SARSr-CiCoV, SARS-related palm civet coronavirus (AY304488); Ro-BatCoV-HKU9, <italic>Rousettus</italic> bat coronavirus HKU9 (NC_009021); IBV, infectious bronchitis virus (NC_001451); IBV-partridge, partridge coronavirus (AY646283); TCoV, turkey coronavirus (NC_010800); IBV-peafowl, peafowl coronavirus (AY641576); BWCoV-SW1, beluga whale coronavirus SW1 (NC_010646); ALCCoV, Asian leopard cat coronavirus (EF584908); BuCoV HKU11, bulbul coronavirus HKU11 (FJ376619); ThCoV HKU12, thrush coronavirus HKU12 (FJ376621); MunCoV HKU13, munia coronavirus HKU13 (FJ376622); PorCoV HKU15, porcine coronavirus HKU15 (NC_016990); WECoV HKU16, white-eye coronavirus HKU16 (NC_016991); SpCoV HKU17, sparrow coronavirus HKU17 (NC_016992); MRCoV HKU18, magpie robin coronavirus HKU18 (NC_016993); NHCoV HKU19, night heron coronavirus HKU19 (NC_016994); WiCoV HKU20, wigeon coronavirus HKU20 (NC_016995); CMCoV HKU21, common moorhen coronavirus HKU21 (NC_016996).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="emi201245f2"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tbl1"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Characteristics of putative non-structural proteins of ORF1ab in Ty-BatCoV HUK4, Pi-BatCoV HKU5 and HCoV-EMC</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">nsp</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Putative function/domain<sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Amino acids (first residue<sup>position</sup> - last residue<sup>position</sup>)</th></tr><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Ty-BatCoV HKU4</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Pi-BatCoV HKU5</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">HCoV-EMC</th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">nsp1</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Unknown</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">M<sup>1</sup>–G<sup>195</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">M<sup>1</sup>–G<sup>195</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">M<sup>1</sup>–G<sup>193</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">nsp2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Unknown</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">D<sup>196</sup>–G<sup>847</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">D<sup>196</sup>–G<sup>851</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">D<sup>194</sup>–G<sup>853</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">nsp3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Putative PL<sup>pro</sup> domain</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">M<sup>848</sup>–G<sup>2784</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">A<sup>852</sup>–G<sup>2829</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">A<sup>854</sup>–G<sup>2739</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">nsp4</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Hydrophobic domain</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">G<sup>2785</sup>–Q<sup>3291</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">G<sup>2830</sup>–Q<sup>3337</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">G<sup>2740</sup>–Q<sup>3247</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">nsp5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">3CL<sup>pro</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">S<sup>3292</sup>–Q<sup>3597</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">S<sup>3338</sup>–Q<sup>3643</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">S<sup>3248</sup>–Q<sup>3553</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">nsp6</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Hydrophobic domain</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">S<sup>3598</sup>–Q<sup>3889</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">S<sup>3644</sup>–Q<sup>3935</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">S<sup>3554</sup>–Q<sup>3845</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">nsp7</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Unknown</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">S<sup>3890</sup>–Q<sup>3972</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">S<sup>3936</sup>–Q<sup>4018</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">S<sup>3846</sup>–Q<sup>3928</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">nsp8</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Unknown</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">A<sup>3973</sup>–Q<sup>4171</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">A<sup>4019</sup>–Q<sup>4217</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">A<sup>3929</sup>–Q<sup>4127</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">nsp9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Unknown</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">N<sup>4172</sup>–Q<sup>4281</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">N<sup>4218</sup>–Q<sup>4327</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">N<sup>4128</sup>–Q<sup>4237</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">nsp10</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Unknown</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">A<sup>4282</sup>–Q<sup>4420</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">A<sup>4328</sup>–Q<sup>4466</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">A<sup>4238</sup>–Q<sup>4377</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">nsp11</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Unknown (short peptide at the end of ORF1a)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">S<sup>4421</sup>–V<sup>4434</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">S<sup>4467</sup>–L<sup>4480</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">S<sup>4378</sup>–L<sup>4391</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">nsp12</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">RdRp</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">S<sup>4421</sup>–Q<sup>5354</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">S<sup>4467</sup>–Q<sup>5400</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">S<sup>4378</sup>–Q<sup>5310</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">nsp13</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Hel</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">A<sup>5355</sup>–Q<sup>5952</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">A<sup>5401</sup>–Q<sup>5998</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">A<sup>5311</sup>–Q<sup>5908</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">nsp14</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">ExoN</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">S<sup>5953</sup>–Q<sup>6475</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">S<sup>5999</sup>–Q<sup>6522</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">S<sup>5909</sup>–Q<sup>6432</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">nsp15</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">XendoU</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">G<sup>6476</sup>–Q<sup>6817</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">G<sup>6523</sup>–Q<sup>6871</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">G<sup>6433</sup>–Q<sup>6775</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">nsp16</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2'-O-MT</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">A<sup>6818</sup>–L<sup>7119</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">A<sup>6872</sup>–R<sup>7179</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">A<sup>6776</sup>–R<sup>7078</sup></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tbfnote1"><p>Abbreviations: <sup>a</sup>PL<sup>pro</sup>, papain-like protease ; 3CL<sup>pro</sup>, chymotrypsin-like protease; RdRp, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; Hel, helicase; ExoN, 3'-to-5' exonuclease; XendoU, poly(U)-specific endoribonuclease; 2'-O-MT, S-adenosylmethionine-dependent 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>République populaire de Chine</li></country></list><tree><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Woo, Patrick Cy" sort="Woo, Patrick Cy" uniqKey="Woo P" first="Patrick Cy" last="Woo">Patrick Cy Woo</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Lau, Susanna Kp" sort="Lau, Susanna Kp" uniqKey="Lau S" first="Susanna Kp" last="Lau">Susanna Kp Lau</name><name sortKey="Lau, Susanna Kp" sort="Lau, Susanna Kp" uniqKey="Lau S" first="Susanna Kp" last="Lau">Susanna Kp Lau</name><name sortKey="Lau, Susanna Kp" sort="Lau, Susanna Kp" uniqKey="Lau S" first="Susanna Kp" last="Lau">Susanna Kp Lau</name><name sortKey="Lau, Susanna Kp" sort="Lau, Susanna Kp" uniqKey="Lau S" first="Susanna Kp" last="Lau">Susanna Kp Lau</name><name sortKey="Li, Kenneth Sm" sort="Li, Kenneth Sm" uniqKey="Li K" first="Kenneth Sm" last="Li">Kenneth Sm Li</name><name sortKey="Tsang, Alan Kl" sort="Tsang, Alan Kl" uniqKey="Tsang A" first="Alan Kl" last="Tsang">Alan Kl Tsang</name><name sortKey="Woo, Patrick Cy" sort="Woo, Patrick Cy" uniqKey="Woo P" first="Patrick Cy" last="Woo">Patrick Cy Woo</name><name sortKey="Woo, Patrick Cy" sort="Woo, Patrick Cy" uniqKey="Woo P" first="Patrick Cy" last="Woo">Patrick Cy Woo</name><name sortKey="Woo, Patrick Cy" sort="Woo, Patrick Cy" uniqKey="Woo P" first="Patrick Cy" last="Woo">Patrick Cy Woo</name><name sortKey="Yuen, Kwok Yung" sort="Yuen, Kwok Yung" uniqKey="Yuen K" first="Kwok-Yung" last="Yuen">Kwok-Yung Yuen</name><name sortKey="Yuen, Kwok Yung" sort="Yuen, Kwok Yung" uniqKey="Yuen K" first="Kwok-Yung" last="Yuen">Kwok-Yung Yuen</name><name sortKey="Yuen, Kwok Yung" sort="Yuen, Kwok Yung" uniqKey="Yuen K" first="Kwok-Yung" last="Yuen">Kwok-Yung Yuen</name><name sortKey="Yuen, Kwok Yung" sort="Yuen, Kwok Yung" uniqKey="Yuen K" first="Kwok-Yung" last="Yuen">Kwok-Yung Yuen</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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