Why are HIV-1 fusion inhibitors not effective against SARS-CoV? Biophysical evaluation of molecular interactions
Identifieur interne : 001263 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 001262; suivant : 001264Why are HIV-1 fusion inhibitors not effective against SARS-CoV? Biophysical evaluation of molecular interactions
Auteurs : Salomé Veiga [Portugal] ; Yunyun Yuan [République populaire de Chine] ; Xuqin Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Nuno C. Santos [Portugal] ; Gang Liu [République populaire de Chine] ; Miguel A. R. B. Castanho [Portugal]Source :
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. General Subjects [ 0304-4165 ] ; 2005.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , chemistry : Viral Fusion Proteins.
- chemical , pharmacology : HIV Envelope Protein gp41, HIV Fusion Inhibitors, Peptide Fragments.
- chemical : Enfuvirtide, Liposomes, Phosphatidylcholines.
- drug effects : SARS Virus.
- Amino Acid Sequence, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions.
Abstract
The envelope spike (S) glycoprotein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) mediates the entry of the virus into target cells. Recent studies point out to a cell entry mechanism of this virus similar to other enveloped viruses, such as HIV-1. As it happens with other viruses peptidic fusion inhibitors, SARS-CoV S protein HR2-derived peptides are potential therapeutic drugs against the virus. It is believed that HR2 peptides block the six-helix bundle formation, a key structure in the viral fusion, by interacting with the HR1 region. It is a matter of discussion if the HIV-1 gp41 HR2-derived peptide T20 (enfuvirtide) could be a possible SARS-CoV inhibitor given the similarities between the two viruses. We tested the possibility of interaction between both T20 (HIV-1 gp41 HR2-derived peptide) and T-1249 with S protein HR1- and HR2-derived peptides. Our biophysical data show a significant interaction between a SARS-CoV HR1-derived peptide and T20. However, the interaction is only moderate (
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.10.001
PubMed: 16290276
PubMed Central: 7116955
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000E34
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000E34
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 001187
- to stream PubMed, to step Corpus: 002446
- to stream PubMed, to step Curation: 002446
- to stream PubMed, to step Checkpoint: 001F23
Links to Exploration step
PMC:7116955Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Why are HIV-1 fusion inhibitors not effective against SARS-CoV? Biophysical evaluation of molecular interactions</title>
<author><name sortKey="Veiga, Salome" sort="Veiga, Salome" uniqKey="Veiga S" first="Salomé" last="Veiga">Salomé Veiga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C8, 1749-016 Lisboa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1749-016 Lisboa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuan, Yunyun" sort="Yuan, Yunyun" uniqKey="Yuan Y" first="Yunyun" last="Yuan">Yunyun Yuan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050, P. R. China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Xuqin" sort="Li, Xuqin" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xuqin" last="Li">Xuqin Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050, P. R. China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santos, Nuno C" sort="Santos, Nuno C" uniqKey="Santos N" first="Nuno C." last="Santos">Nuno C. Santos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Instituto de Biopatologia Química/Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa and Unidade de Biopatologia Vascular/Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Biopatologia Química/Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa and Unidade de Biopatologia Vascular/Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1649-028 Lisboa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Gang" sort="Liu, Gang" uniqKey="Liu G" first="Gang" last="Liu">Gang Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050, P. R. China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castanho, Miguel A R B" sort="Castanho, Miguel A R B" uniqKey="Castanho M" first="Miguel A. R. B." last="Castanho">Miguel A. R. B. Castanho</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C8, 1749-016 Lisboa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1749-016 Lisboa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">16290276</idno>
<idno type="pmc">7116955</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7116955</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:7116955</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.10.001</idno>
<date when="2005">2005</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000E34</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000E34</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000E34</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000E34</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001187</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001187</idno>
<idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:16290276</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002446</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002446</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">002446</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">002446</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">001F23</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">001F23</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">001263</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Why are HIV-1 fusion inhibitors not effective against SARS-CoV? Biophysical evaluation of molecular interactions</title>
<author><name sortKey="Veiga, Salome" sort="Veiga, Salome" uniqKey="Veiga S" first="Salomé" last="Veiga">Salomé Veiga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C8, 1749-016 Lisboa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1749-016 Lisboa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuan, Yunyun" sort="Yuan, Yunyun" uniqKey="Yuan Y" first="Yunyun" last="Yuan">Yunyun Yuan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050, P. R. China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Xuqin" sort="Li, Xuqin" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xuqin" last="Li">Xuqin Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050, P. R. China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santos, Nuno C" sort="Santos, Nuno C" uniqKey="Santos N" first="Nuno C." last="Santos">Nuno C. Santos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Instituto de Biopatologia Química/Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa and Unidade de Biopatologia Vascular/Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Biopatologia Química/Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa and Unidade de Biopatologia Vascular/Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1649-028 Lisboa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Gang" sort="Liu, Gang" uniqKey="Liu G" first="Gang" last="Liu">Gang Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050, P. R. China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castanho, Miguel A R B" sort="Castanho, Miguel A R B" uniqKey="Castanho M" first="Miguel A. R. B." last="Castanho">Miguel A. R. B. Castanho</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C8, 1749-016 Lisboa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1749-016 Lisboa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. General Subjects</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0304-4165</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1872-8006</idno>
<imprint><date when="2005">2005</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Amino Acid Sequence</term>
<term>Enfuvirtide</term>
<term>HIV Envelope Protein gp41 (pharmacology)</term>
<term>HIV Fusion Inhibitors (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions</term>
<term>Liposomes</term>
<term>Peptide Fragments (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Phosphatidylcholines</term>
<term>SARS Virus (drug effects)</term>
<term>Viral Fusion Proteins (chemistry)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Fragments peptidiques (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Inhibiteurs de fusion du VIH (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Interactions hydrophobes et hydrophiles</term>
<term>Liposomes</term>
<term>Phosphatidylcholines</term>
<term>Protéine d'enveloppe gp41 du VIH (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Protéines de fusion virale ()</term>
<term>Séquence d'acides aminés</term>
<term>Virus du SRAS ()</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Viral Fusion Proteins</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacology" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Envelope Protein gp41</term>
<term>HIV Fusion Inhibitors</term>
<term>Peptide Fragments</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>Enfuvirtide</term>
<term>Liposomes</term>
<term>Phosphatidylcholines</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>SARS Virus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pharmacologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Fragments peptidiques</term>
<term>Inhibiteurs de fusion du VIH</term>
<term>Protéine d'enveloppe gp41 du VIH</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Amino Acid Sequence</term>
<term>Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Interactions hydrophobes et hydrophiles</term>
<term>Liposomes</term>
<term>Phosphatidylcholines</term>
<term>Protéines de fusion virale</term>
<term>Séquence d'acides aminés</term>
<term>Virus du SRAS</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The envelope spike (S) glycoprotein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) mediates the entry of the virus into target cells. Recent studies point out to a cell entry mechanism of this virus similar to other enveloped viruses, such as HIV-1. As it happens with other viruses peptidic fusion inhibitors, SARS-CoV S protein HR2-derived peptides are potential therapeutic drugs against the virus. It is believed that HR2 peptides block the six-helix bundle formation, a key structure in the viral fusion, by interacting with the HR1 region. It is a matter of discussion if the HIV-1 gp41 HR2-derived peptide T20 (enfuvirtide) could be a possible SARS-CoV inhibitor given the similarities between the two viruses. We tested the possibility of interaction between both T20 (HIV-1 gp41 HR2-derived peptide) and T-1249 with S protein HR1- and HR2-derived peptides. Our biophysical data show a significant interaction between a SARS-CoV HR1-derived peptide and T20. However, the interaction is only moderate (<italic>K</italic>
<sub>B</sub>
= (1.1 ± 0.3) × 10<sup>5</sup>
M<sup>−1</sup>
). This finding shows that the reasoning behind the hypothesis that T20, already approved for clinical application in AIDS treatment, could inhibit the fusion of SARS-CoV with target cells is correct but the effect may not be strong enough for application.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Drosten, C" uniqKey="Drosten C">C. Drosten</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gunther, S" uniqKey="Gunther S">S. Günther</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Preiser, W" uniqKey="Preiser W">W. Preiser</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Werf, S" uniqKey="Van Der Werf S">S. van der Werf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brodt, H" uniqKey="Brodt H">H. Brodt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Becker, S" uniqKey="Becker S">S. Becker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rabenau, H" uniqKey="Rabenau H">H. Rabenau</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Panning, M" uniqKey="Panning M">M. Panning</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kolesnikova, L" uniqKey="Kolesnikova L">L. Kolesnikova</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fouchier, R A M" uniqKey="Fouchier R">R.A.M. Fouchier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berger, A" uniqKey="Berger A">A. Berger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burguiere, A" uniqKey="Burguiere A">A. Burguière</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cinatl, J" uniqKey="Cinatl J">J. Cinatl</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eickmann, M" uniqKey="Eickmann M">M. Eickmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Escriou, N" uniqKey="Escriou N">N. Escriou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grywna, K" uniqKey="Grywna K">K. Grywna</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kramme, S" uniqKey="Kramme S">S. Kramme</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Manuguerra, J" uniqKey="Manuguerra J">J. Manuguerra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muller, S" uniqKey="Muller S">S. Müller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rickerts, V" uniqKey="Rickerts V">V. Rickerts</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sturmer, M" uniqKey="Sturmer M">M. Stürmer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vieth, S" uniqKey="Vieth S">S. Vieth</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klenk, H" uniqKey="Klenk H">H. Klenk</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, A D M E" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">A.D.M.E. Osterhaus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmitz, H" uniqKey="Schmitz H">H. Schmitz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Doerr, H W" uniqKey="Doerr H">H.W. Doerr</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ksiazek, T G" uniqKey="Ksiazek T">T.G. Ksiazek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Erdman, D" uniqKey="Erdman D">D. Erdman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goldsmith, C S" uniqKey="Goldsmith C">C.S. Goldsmith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zaki, S R" uniqKey="Zaki S">S.R. Zaki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peret, T" uniqKey="Peret T">T. Peret</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Emery, S" uniqKey="Emery S">S. Emery</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tong, S" uniqKey="Tong S">S. Tong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Urbani, C" uniqKey="Urbani C">C. Urbani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Comer, J A" uniqKey="Comer J">J.A. Comer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lim, W" uniqKey="Lim W">W. Lim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rollin, P E" uniqKey="Rollin P">P.E. Rollin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dowell, S F" uniqKey="Dowell S">S.F. Dowell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ling, A" uniqKey="Ling A">A. Ling</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Humphrey, C D" uniqKey="Humphrey C">C.D. Humphrey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shieh, W" uniqKey="Shieh W">W. Shieh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guarner, J" uniqKey="Guarner J">J. Guarner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paddock, C D" uniqKey="Paddock C">C.D. Paddock</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rota, P" uniqKey="Rota P">P. Rota</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fields, B" uniqKey="Fields B">B. Fields</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Derisi, J" uniqKey="Derisi J">J. DeRisi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, J" uniqKey="Yang J">J. Yang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cox, N" uniqKey="Cox N">N. Cox</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hughes, J M" uniqKey="Hughes J">J.M. Hughes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leduc, J W" uniqKey="Leduc J">J.W. LeDuc</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bellini, W J" uniqKey="Bellini W">W.J. Bellini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anderson, L J" uniqKey="Anderson L">L.J. Anderson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sars Working Group" uniqKey="Sars Working Group">SARS Working Group</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marra, M A" uniqKey="Marra M">M.A. Marra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jones, S J M" uniqKey="Jones S">S.J.M. Jones</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Astell, C R" uniqKey="Astell C">C.R. Astell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holt, R A" uniqKey="Holt R">R.A. Holt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brooks Wilson, A" uniqKey="Brooks Wilson A">A. Brooks-Wilson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Butterfield, Y S N" uniqKey="Butterfield Y">Y.S.N. Butterfield</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khattra, J" uniqKey="Khattra J">J. Khattra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Asano, J K" uniqKey="Asano J">J.K. Asano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barber, S A" uniqKey="Barber S">S.A. Barber</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, S Y" uniqKey="Chan S">S.Y. Chan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cloutier, A" uniqKey="Cloutier A">A. Cloutier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Coughlin, S M" uniqKey="Coughlin S">S.M. Coughlin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Freeman, D" uniqKey="Freeman D">D. Freeman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Girn, N" uniqKey="Girn N">N. Girn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Griffith, O L" uniqKey="Griffith O">O.L. Griffith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leach, S R" uniqKey="Leach S">S.R. Leach</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mayo, M" uniqKey="Mayo M">M. Mayo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, H" uniqKey="Mcdonald H">H. McDonald</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Montgomery, S B" uniqKey="Montgomery S">S.B. Montgomery</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pandoh, P K" uniqKey="Pandoh P">P.K. Pandoh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Petrescu, A S" uniqKey="Petrescu A">A.S. Petrescu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Robertson, A G" uniqKey="Robertson A">A.G. Robertson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schein, J E" uniqKey="Schein J">J.E. Schein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Siddiqui, A" uniqKey="Siddiqui A">A. Siddiqui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smailus, D E" uniqKey="Smailus D">D.E. Smailus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stott, J M" uniqKey="Stott J">J.M. Stott</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, G S" uniqKey="Yang G">G.S. Yang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Plummer, F" uniqKey="Plummer F">F. Plummer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Andonov, A" uniqKey="Andonov A">A. Andonov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Artsob, H" uniqKey="Artsob H">H. Artsob</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bastien, N" uniqKey="Bastien N">N. Bastien</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bernard, K" uniqKey="Bernard K">K. Bernard</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Booth, T F" uniqKey="Booth T">T.F. Booth</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bowness, D" uniqKey="Bowness D">D. Bowness</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Czub, M" uniqKey="Czub M">M. Czub</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drebot, M" uniqKey="Drebot M">M. Drebot</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fernando, L" uniqKey="Fernando L">L. Fernando</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Flick, R" uniqKey="Flick R">R. Flick</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garbutt, M" uniqKey="Garbutt M">M. Garbutt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gray, M" uniqKey="Gray M">M. Gray</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grolla, A" uniqKey="Grolla A">A. Grolla</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jones, S" uniqKey="Jones S">S. Jones</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feldmann, H" uniqKey="Feldmann H">H. Feldmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyers, A" uniqKey="Meyers A">A. Meyers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kabani, A" uniqKey="Kabani A">A. Kabani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Y" uniqKey="Li Y">Y. Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Normand, S" uniqKey="Normand S">S. Normand</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stroher, U" uniqKey="Stroher U">U. Stroher</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tipples, G A" uniqKey="Tipples G">G.A. Tipples</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tyler, S" uniqKey="Tyler S">S. Tyler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vogrig, R" uniqKey="Vogrig R">R. Vogrig</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ward, D" uniqKey="Ward D">D. Ward</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Watson, B" uniqKey="Watson B">B. Watson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brunham, R C" uniqKey="Brunham R">R.C. Brunham</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Krajden, M" uniqKey="Krajden M">M. Krajden</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Petric, M" uniqKey="Petric M">M. Petric</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Skowronski, D M" uniqKey="Skowronski D">D.M. Skowronski</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Upton, C" uniqKey="Upton C">C. Upton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roper, R L" uniqKey="Roper R">R.L. Roper</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Peiris, J S M" uniqKey="Peiris J">J.S.M. Peiris</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lai, S T" uniqKey="Lai S">S.T. Lai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Poon, L L M" uniqKey="Poon L">L.L.M. Poon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guan, Y" uniqKey="Guan Y">Y. Guan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yam, L Y C" uniqKey="Yam L">L.Y.C. Yam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lim, W" uniqKey="Lim W">W. Lim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nicholls, J" uniqKey="Nicholls J">J. Nicholls</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yee, W K S" uniqKey="Yee W">W.K.S. Yee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yan, W W" uniqKey="Yan W">W.W. Yan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cheung, M T" uniqKey="Cheung M">M.T. Cheung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cheng, V C C" uniqKey="Cheng V">V.C.C. Cheng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, K H" uniqKey="Chan K">K.H. Chan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tsang, D N C" uniqKey="Tsang D">D.N.C. Tsang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yung, R W H" uniqKey="Yung R">R.W.H. Yung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ng, T K" uniqKey="Ng T">T.K. Ng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuen, K Y" uniqKey="Yuen K">K.Y. Yuen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rota, P A" uniqKey="Rota P">P.A. Rota</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oberste, M S" uniqKey="Oberste M">M.S. Oberste</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Monroe, S S" uniqKey="Monroe S">S.S. Monroe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nix, W A" uniqKey="Nix W">W.A. Nix</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Campagnoli, R" uniqKey="Campagnoli R">R. Campagnoli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Icenogle, J P" uniqKey="Icenogle J">J.P. Icenogle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pe Aranda, S" uniqKey="Pe Aranda S">S. Peñaranda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bankamp, B" uniqKey="Bankamp B">B. Bankamp</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maher, K" uniqKey="Maher K">K. Maher</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, M" uniqKey="Chen M">M. Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tong, S" uniqKey="Tong S">S. Tong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tamin, A" uniqKey="Tamin A">A. Tamin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lowe, L" uniqKey="Lowe L">L. Lowe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Frace, M" uniqKey="Frace M">M. Frace</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Derisi, J L" uniqKey="Derisi J">J.L. DeRisi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Q" uniqKey="Chen Q">Q. Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, D" uniqKey="Wang D">D. Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Erdman, D D" uniqKey="Erdman D">D.D. Erdman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peret, T C T" uniqKey="Peret T">T.C.T. Peret</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burns, C" uniqKey="Burns C">C. Burns</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ksiazek, T G" uniqKey="Ksiazek T">T.G. Ksiazek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rollin, P E" uniqKey="Rollin P">P.E. Rollin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sanchez, A" uniqKey="Sanchez A">A. Sanchez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liffick, S" uniqKey="Liffick S">S. Liffick</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holloway, B" uniqKey="Holloway B">B. Holloway</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Limor, J" uniqKey="Limor J">J. Limor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mccaustland, K" uniqKey="Mccaustland K">K. McCaustland</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Olsen Rasmussen, M" uniqKey="Olsen Rasmussen M">M. Olsen-Rasmussen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fouchier, R" uniqKey="Fouchier R">R. Fouchier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gunther, S" uniqKey="Gunther S">S. Günther</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, A D M E" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">A.D.M.E. Osterhaus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drosten, C" uniqKey="Drosten C">C. Drosten</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pallansch, M A" uniqKey="Pallansch M">M.A. Pallansch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anderson, L J" uniqKey="Anderson L">L.J. Anderson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bellini, W J" uniqKey="Bellini W">W.J. Bellini</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hofmann, H" uniqKey="Hofmann H">H. Hofmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hattermann, K" uniqKey="Hattermann K">K. Hattermann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marzi, A" uniqKey="Marzi A">A. Marzi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gramberg, T" uniqKey="Gramberg T">T. Gramberg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Geier, M" uniqKey="Geier M">M. Geier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Krumbiegel, M" uniqKey="Krumbiegel M">M. Krumbiegel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kuate, S" uniqKey="Kuate S">S. Kuate</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Uberla, K" uniqKey="Uberla K">K. Überla</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Niedrig, M" uniqKey="Niedrig M">M. Niedrig</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pohlmann, S" uniqKey="Pohlmann S">S. Pöhlmann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Xiao, X" uniqKey="Xiao X">X. Xiao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dimitrov, D S" uniqKey="Dimitrov D">D.S. Dimitrov</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, W" uniqKey="Li W">W. Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moore, M J" uniqKey="Moore M">M.J. Moore</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vasilieva, N" uniqKey="Vasilieva N">N. Vasilieva</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sui, J" uniqKey="Sui J">J. Sui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wong, S K" uniqKey="Wong S">S.K. Wong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berne, M A" uniqKey="Berne M">M.A. Berne</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Somasundaran, M" uniqKey="Somasundaran M">M. Somasundaran</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sullivan, J L" uniqKey="Sullivan J">J.L. Sullivan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Luzuriaga, K" uniqKey="Luzuriaga K">K. Luzuriaga</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Greenough, T C" uniqKey="Greenough T">T.C. Greenough</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choe, H" uniqKey="Choe H">H. Choe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farzan, M" uniqKey="Farzan M">M. Farzan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wong, S K" uniqKey="Wong S">S.K. Wong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, W" uniqKey="Li W">W. Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moore, M J" uniqKey="Moore M">M.J. Moore</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choe, H" uniqKey="Choe H">H. Choe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farzan, M" uniqKey="Farzan M">M. Farzan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bosch, B J" uniqKey="Bosch B">B.J. Bosch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martina, B E E" uniqKey="Martina B">B.E.E. Martina</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Zee, R" uniqKey="Van Der Zee R">R. van der Zee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lepault, J" uniqKey="Lepault J">J. Lepault</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haijema, B J" uniqKey="Haijema B">B.J. Haijema</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Versluis, C" uniqKey="Versluis C">C. Versluis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heck, A J R" uniqKey="Heck A">A.J.R. Heck</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Groot, R" uniqKey="De Groot R">R. de Groot</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, A D M E" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">A.D.M.E. Osterhaus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rottier, P J M" uniqKey="Rottier P">P.J.M. Rottier</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ingallinella, P" uniqKey="Ingallinella P">P. Ingallinella</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bianchi, E" uniqKey="Bianchi E">E. Bianchi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Finotto, M" uniqKey="Finotto M">M. Finotto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cantoni, G" uniqKey="Cantoni G">G. Cantoni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eckert, D M" uniqKey="Eckert D">D.M. Eckert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Supekar, V M" uniqKey="Supekar V">V.M. Supekar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bruckmann, C" uniqKey="Bruckmann C">C. Bruckmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carfi, A" uniqKey="Carfi A">A. Carfi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pessi, A" uniqKey="Pessi A">A. Pessi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liu, S" uniqKey="Liu S">S. Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiao, G" uniqKey="Xiao G">G. Xiao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Y" uniqKey="Chen Y">Y. Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="He, Y" uniqKey="He Y">Y. He</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Niu, J" uniqKey="Niu J">J. Niu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Escalante, C R" uniqKey="Escalante C">C.R. Escalante</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiong, H" uniqKey="Xiong H">H. Xiong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farmar, J" uniqKey="Farmar J">J. Farmar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Debnath, A K" uniqKey="Debnath A">A.K. Debnath</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tien, P" uniqKey="Tien P">P. Tien</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jiang, S" uniqKey="Jiang S">S. Jiang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tripet, B" uniqKey="Tripet B">B. Tripet</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Howard, M W" uniqKey="Howard M">M.W. Howard</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jobling, M" uniqKey="Jobling M">M. Jobling</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holmes, R K" uniqKey="Holmes R">R.K. Holmes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holmes, K V" uniqKey="Holmes K">K.V. Holmes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hodges, R S" uniqKey="Hodges R">R.S. Hodges</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhu, J" uniqKey="Zhu J">J. Zhu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiao, G" uniqKey="Xiao G">G. Xiao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu, Y" uniqKey="Xu Y">Y. Xu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuan, F" uniqKey="Yuan F">F. Yuan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zheng, C" uniqKey="Zheng C">C. Zheng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Y" uniqKey="Liu Y">Y. Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yan, H" uniqKey="Yan H">H. Yan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cole, D K" uniqKey="Cole D">D.K. Cole</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bell, J I" uniqKey="Bell J">J.I. Bell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rao, Z" uniqKey="Rao Z">Z. Rao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tien, P" uniqKey="Tien P">P. Tien</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gao, G F" uniqKey="Gao G">G.F. Gao</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eckert, D M" uniqKey="Eckert D">D.M. Eckert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, P S" uniqKey="Kim P">P.S. Kim</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eckert, D M" uniqKey="Eckert D">D.M. Eckert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, P S" uniqKey="Kim P">P.S. Kim</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kilby, J M" uniqKey="Kilby J">J.M. Kilby</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hopkins, S" uniqKey="Hopkins S">S. Hopkins</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Venetta, T M" uniqKey="Venetta T">T.M. Venetta</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dimassimo, B" uniqKey="Dimassimo B">B. DiMassimo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cloud, G A" uniqKey="Cloud G">G.A. Cloud</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, J Y" uniqKey="Lee J">J.Y. Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alldredge, L" uniqKey="Alldredge L">L. Alldredge</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hunter, E" uniqKey="Hunter E">E. Hunter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lambert, D" uniqKey="Lambert D">D. Lambert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bolognesi, D" uniqKey="Bolognesi D">D. Bolognesi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matthews, T" uniqKey="Matthews T">T. Matthews</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnson, M R" uniqKey="Johnson M">M.R. Johnson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nowak, M A" uniqKey="Nowak M">M.A. Nowak</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shaw, G M" uniqKey="Shaw G">G.M. Shaw</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saag, M S" uniqKey="Saag M">M.S. Saag</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lu, M" uniqKey="Lu M">M. Lu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blacklow, S C" uniqKey="Blacklow S">S.C. Blacklow</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, P S" uniqKey="Kim P">P.S. Kim</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Joshi, S B" uniqKey="Joshi S">S.B. Joshi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dutch, R E" uniqKey="Dutch R">R.E. Dutch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lamb, R A" uniqKey="Lamb R">R.A. Lamb</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bosch, B J" uniqKey="Bosch B">B.J. Bosch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Zee, R" uniqKey="Van Der Zee R">R. van der Zee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Haan, C A M" uniqKey="De Haan C">C.A.M. de Haan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rottier, P J M" uniqKey="Rottier P">P.J.M. Rottier</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kilby, J M" uniqKey="Kilby J">J.M. Kilby</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eron, J J" uniqKey="Eron J">J.J. Eron</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eron, J J" uniqKey="Eron J">J.J. Eron</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gulick, R M" uniqKey="Gulick R">R.M. Gulick</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bartlett, J A" uniqKey="Bartlett J">J.A. Bartlett</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Merigan, T" uniqKey="Merigan T">T. Merigan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arduino, R" uniqKey="Arduino R">R. Arduino</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kilby, J M" uniqKey="Kilby J">J.M. Kilby</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yangco, B" uniqKey="Yangco B">B. Yangco</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diers, A" uniqKey="Diers A">A. Diers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drobnes, C" uniqKey="Drobnes C">C. Drobnes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Demasi, R" uniqKey="Demasi R">R. DeMasi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Greenberg, M" uniqKey="Greenberg M">M. Greenberg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Melby, T" uniqKey="Melby T">T. Melby</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raskino, C" uniqKey="Raskino C">C. Raskino</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rusnak, P" uniqKey="Rusnak P">P. Rusnak</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Y" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y. Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spence, R" uniqKey="Spence R">R. Spence</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miralles, G D" uniqKey="Miralles G">G.D. Miralles</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yamamoto, N" uniqKey="Yamamoto N">N. Yamamoto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, R" uniqKey="Yang R">R. Yang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yoshinaka, Y" uniqKey="Yoshinaka Y">Y. Yoshinaka</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Amari, S" uniqKey="Amari S">S. Amari</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nakano, T" uniqKey="Nakano T">T. Nakano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cinatl, J" uniqKey="Cinatl J">J. Cinatl</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rabenau, H" uniqKey="Rabenau H">H. Rabenau</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Doerr, H W" uniqKey="Doerr H">H.W. Doerr</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hunsmann, G" uniqKey="Hunsmann G">G. Hunsmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Otaka, A" uniqKey="Otaka A">A. Otaka</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tamamura, H" uniqKey="Tamamura H">H. Tamamura</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fujii, N" uniqKey="Fujii N">N. Fujii</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yamamoto, N" uniqKey="Yamamoto N">N. Yamamoto</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liu, G" uniqKey="Liu G">G. Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lam, K S" uniqKey="Lam K">K.S. Lam</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mayer, L D" uniqKey="Mayer L">L.D. Mayer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hopes, M J" uniqKey="Hopes M">M.J. Hopes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cullis, P R" uniqKey="Cullis P">P.R. Cullis</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cladera, J" uniqKey="Cladera J">J. Cladera</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, I" uniqKey="Martin I">I. Martin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="O Shea, P" uniqKey="O Shea P">P. O'Shea</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cladera, J" uniqKey="Cladera J">J. Cladera</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="O Shea, P" uniqKey="O Shea P">P. O'Shea</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bertsch, M" uniqKey="Bertsch M">M. Bertsch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mayburd, A L" uniqKey="Mayburd A">A.L. Mayburd</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kassner, R J" uniqKey="Kassner R">R.J. Kassner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ganesh, S" uniqKey="Ganesh S">S. Ganesh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jayakumar, R" uniqKey="Jayakumar R">R. Jayakumar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Veiga, S" uniqKey="Veiga S">S. Veiga</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Henriques, S" uniqKey="Henriques S">S. Henriques</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santos, N C" uniqKey="Santos N">N.C. Santos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castanho, M" uniqKey="Castanho M">M. Castanho</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Veiga, A S" uniqKey="Veiga A">A.S. Veiga</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santos, N C" uniqKey="Santos N">N.C. Santos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Loura, L M S" uniqKey="Loura L">L.M.S. Loura</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fedorov, A" uniqKey="Fedorov A">A. Fedorov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castanho, M A R B" uniqKey="Castanho M">M.A.R.B. Castanho</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abdiche, Y N" uniqKey="Abdiche Y">Y.N. Abdiche</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Myszka, D G" uniqKey="Myszka D">D.G. Myszka</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Santos, N C" uniqKey="Santos N">N.C. Santos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castanho, M" uniqKey="Castanho M">M. Castanho</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sui, J" uniqKey="Sui J">J. Sui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, W" uniqKey="Li W">W. Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Murakami, A" uniqKey="Murakami A">A. Murakami</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tamin, A" uniqKey="Tamin A">A. Tamin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matthews, L J" uniqKey="Matthews L">L.J. Matthews</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wong, S K" uniqKey="Wong S">S.K. Wong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moore, M J" uniqKey="Moore M">M.J. Moore</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tallarico, A St C" uniqKey="Tallarico A">A.St.C. Tallarico</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Olurinde, M" uniqKey="Olurinde M">M. Olurinde</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choe, H" uniqKey="Choe H">H. Choe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anderson, L J" uniqKey="Anderson L">L.J. Anderson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bellini, W J" uniqKey="Bellini W">W.J. Bellini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farzan, M" uniqKey="Farzan M">M. Farzan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marasco, W A" uniqKey="Marasco W">W.A. Marasco</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kubota, Y" uniqKey="Kubota Y">Y. Kubota</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Motoda, Y" uniqKey="Motoda Y">Y. Motoda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shigemune, Y" uniqKey="Shigemune Y">Y. Shigemune</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fujisak, Y" uniqKey="Fujisak Y">Y. Fujisak</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Supekar, V M" uniqKey="Supekar V">V.M. Supekar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bruckmann, C" uniqKey="Bruckmann C">C. Bruckmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ingallinella, P" uniqKey="Ingallinella P">P. Ingallinella</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bianchi, E" uniqKey="Bianchi E">E. Bianchi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pessi, A" uniqKey="Pessi A">A. Pessi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carfi, A" uniqKey="Carfi A">A. Carfi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Baldwin, C E" uniqKey="Baldwin C">C.E. Baldwin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sanders, R W" uniqKey="Sanders R">R.W. Sanders</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berkhout, B" uniqKey="Berkhout B">B. Berkhout</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<double pmid="16290276"><pmc><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Why are HIV-1 fusion inhibitors not effective against SARS-CoV? Biophysical evaluation of molecular interactions</title>
<author><name sortKey="Veiga, Salome" sort="Veiga, Salome" uniqKey="Veiga S" first="Salomé" last="Veiga">Salomé Veiga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C8, 1749-016 Lisboa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1749-016 Lisboa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuan, Yunyun" sort="Yuan, Yunyun" uniqKey="Yuan Y" first="Yunyun" last="Yuan">Yunyun Yuan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050, P. R. China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Xuqin" sort="Li, Xuqin" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xuqin" last="Li">Xuqin Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050, P. R. China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santos, Nuno C" sort="Santos, Nuno C" uniqKey="Santos N" first="Nuno C." last="Santos">Nuno C. Santos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Instituto de Biopatologia Química/Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa and Unidade de Biopatologia Vascular/Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Biopatologia Química/Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa and Unidade de Biopatologia Vascular/Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1649-028 Lisboa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Gang" sort="Liu, Gang" uniqKey="Liu G" first="Gang" last="Liu">Gang Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050, P. R. China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castanho, Miguel A R B" sort="Castanho, Miguel A R B" uniqKey="Castanho M" first="Miguel A. R. B." last="Castanho">Miguel A. R. B. Castanho</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C8, 1749-016 Lisboa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1749-016 Lisboa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">16290276</idno>
<idno type="pmc">7116955</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7116955</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:7116955</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.10.001</idno>
<date when="2005">2005</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000E34</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000E34</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000E34</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000E34</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001187</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001187</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Why are HIV-1 fusion inhibitors not effective against SARS-CoV? Biophysical evaluation of molecular interactions</title>
<author><name sortKey="Veiga, Salome" sort="Veiga, Salome" uniqKey="Veiga S" first="Salomé" last="Veiga">Salomé Veiga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C8, 1749-016 Lisboa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1749-016 Lisboa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuan, Yunyun" sort="Yuan, Yunyun" uniqKey="Yuan Y" first="Yunyun" last="Yuan">Yunyun Yuan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050, P. R. China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Xuqin" sort="Li, Xuqin" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xuqin" last="Li">Xuqin Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050, P. R. China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santos, Nuno C" sort="Santos, Nuno C" uniqKey="Santos N" first="Nuno C." last="Santos">Nuno C. Santos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Instituto de Biopatologia Química/Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa and Unidade de Biopatologia Vascular/Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Biopatologia Química/Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa and Unidade de Biopatologia Vascular/Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1649-028 Lisboa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Gang" sort="Liu, Gang" uniqKey="Liu G" first="Gang" last="Liu">Gang Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050, P. R. China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, 1 Xian Nong Tan St., Beijing 100050</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castanho, Miguel A R B" sort="Castanho, Miguel A R B" uniqKey="Castanho M" first="Miguel A. R. B." last="Castanho">Miguel A. R. B. Castanho</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C8, 1749-016 Lisboa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1749-016 Lisboa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. General Subjects</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0304-4165</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1872-8006</idno>
<imprint><date when="2005">2005</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The envelope spike (S) glycoprotein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) mediates the entry of the virus into target cells. Recent studies point out to a cell entry mechanism of this virus similar to other enveloped viruses, such as HIV-1. As it happens with other viruses peptidic fusion inhibitors, SARS-CoV S protein HR2-derived peptides are potential therapeutic drugs against the virus. It is believed that HR2 peptides block the six-helix bundle formation, a key structure in the viral fusion, by interacting with the HR1 region. It is a matter of discussion if the HIV-1 gp41 HR2-derived peptide T20 (enfuvirtide) could be a possible SARS-CoV inhibitor given the similarities between the two viruses. We tested the possibility of interaction between both T20 (HIV-1 gp41 HR2-derived peptide) and T-1249 with S protein HR1- and HR2-derived peptides. Our biophysical data show a significant interaction between a SARS-CoV HR1-derived peptide and T20. However, the interaction is only moderate (<italic>K</italic>
<sub>B</sub>
= (1.1 ± 0.3) × 10<sup>5</sup>
M<sup>−1</sup>
). This finding shows that the reasoning behind the hypothesis that T20, already approved for clinical application in AIDS treatment, could inhibit the fusion of SARS-CoV with target cells is correct but the effect may not be strong enough for application.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Drosten, C" uniqKey="Drosten C">C. Drosten</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gunther, S" uniqKey="Gunther S">S. Günther</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Preiser, W" uniqKey="Preiser W">W. Preiser</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Werf, S" uniqKey="Van Der Werf S">S. van der Werf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brodt, H" uniqKey="Brodt H">H. Brodt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Becker, S" uniqKey="Becker S">S. Becker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rabenau, H" uniqKey="Rabenau H">H. Rabenau</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Panning, M" uniqKey="Panning M">M. Panning</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kolesnikova, L" uniqKey="Kolesnikova L">L. Kolesnikova</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fouchier, R A M" uniqKey="Fouchier R">R.A.M. Fouchier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berger, A" uniqKey="Berger A">A. Berger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burguiere, A" uniqKey="Burguiere A">A. Burguière</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cinatl, J" uniqKey="Cinatl J">J. Cinatl</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eickmann, M" uniqKey="Eickmann M">M. Eickmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Escriou, N" uniqKey="Escriou N">N. Escriou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grywna, K" uniqKey="Grywna K">K. Grywna</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kramme, S" uniqKey="Kramme S">S. Kramme</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Manuguerra, J" uniqKey="Manuguerra J">J. Manuguerra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muller, S" uniqKey="Muller S">S. Müller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rickerts, V" uniqKey="Rickerts V">V. Rickerts</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sturmer, M" uniqKey="Sturmer M">M. Stürmer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vieth, S" uniqKey="Vieth S">S. Vieth</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klenk, H" uniqKey="Klenk H">H. Klenk</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, A D M E" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">A.D.M.E. Osterhaus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmitz, H" uniqKey="Schmitz H">H. Schmitz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Doerr, H W" uniqKey="Doerr H">H.W. Doerr</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ksiazek, T G" uniqKey="Ksiazek T">T.G. Ksiazek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Erdman, D" uniqKey="Erdman D">D. Erdman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goldsmith, C S" uniqKey="Goldsmith C">C.S. Goldsmith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zaki, S R" uniqKey="Zaki S">S.R. Zaki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peret, T" uniqKey="Peret T">T. Peret</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Emery, S" uniqKey="Emery S">S. Emery</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tong, S" uniqKey="Tong S">S. Tong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Urbani, C" uniqKey="Urbani C">C. Urbani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Comer, J A" uniqKey="Comer J">J.A. Comer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lim, W" uniqKey="Lim W">W. Lim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rollin, P E" uniqKey="Rollin P">P.E. Rollin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dowell, S F" uniqKey="Dowell S">S.F. Dowell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ling, A" uniqKey="Ling A">A. Ling</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Humphrey, C D" uniqKey="Humphrey C">C.D. Humphrey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shieh, W" uniqKey="Shieh W">W. Shieh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guarner, J" uniqKey="Guarner J">J. Guarner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paddock, C D" uniqKey="Paddock C">C.D. Paddock</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rota, P" uniqKey="Rota P">P. Rota</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fields, B" uniqKey="Fields B">B. Fields</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Derisi, J" uniqKey="Derisi J">J. DeRisi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, J" uniqKey="Yang J">J. Yang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cox, N" uniqKey="Cox N">N. Cox</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hughes, J M" uniqKey="Hughes J">J.M. Hughes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leduc, J W" uniqKey="Leduc J">J.W. LeDuc</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bellini, W J" uniqKey="Bellini W">W.J. Bellini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anderson, L J" uniqKey="Anderson L">L.J. Anderson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sars Working Group" uniqKey="Sars Working Group">SARS Working Group</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marra, M A" uniqKey="Marra M">M.A. Marra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jones, S J M" uniqKey="Jones S">S.J.M. Jones</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Astell, C R" uniqKey="Astell C">C.R. Astell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holt, R A" uniqKey="Holt R">R.A. Holt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brooks Wilson, A" uniqKey="Brooks Wilson A">A. Brooks-Wilson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Butterfield, Y S N" uniqKey="Butterfield Y">Y.S.N. Butterfield</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khattra, J" uniqKey="Khattra J">J. Khattra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Asano, J K" uniqKey="Asano J">J.K. Asano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barber, S A" uniqKey="Barber S">S.A. Barber</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, S Y" uniqKey="Chan S">S.Y. Chan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cloutier, A" uniqKey="Cloutier A">A. Cloutier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Coughlin, S M" uniqKey="Coughlin S">S.M. Coughlin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Freeman, D" uniqKey="Freeman D">D. Freeman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Girn, N" uniqKey="Girn N">N. Girn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Griffith, O L" uniqKey="Griffith O">O.L. Griffith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leach, S R" uniqKey="Leach S">S.R. Leach</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mayo, M" uniqKey="Mayo M">M. Mayo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, H" uniqKey="Mcdonald H">H. McDonald</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Montgomery, S B" uniqKey="Montgomery S">S.B. Montgomery</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pandoh, P K" uniqKey="Pandoh P">P.K. Pandoh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Petrescu, A S" uniqKey="Petrescu A">A.S. Petrescu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Robertson, A G" uniqKey="Robertson A">A.G. Robertson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schein, J E" uniqKey="Schein J">J.E. Schein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Siddiqui, A" uniqKey="Siddiqui A">A. Siddiqui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smailus, D E" uniqKey="Smailus D">D.E. Smailus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stott, J M" uniqKey="Stott J">J.M. Stott</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, G S" uniqKey="Yang G">G.S. Yang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Plummer, F" uniqKey="Plummer F">F. Plummer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Andonov, A" uniqKey="Andonov A">A. Andonov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Artsob, H" uniqKey="Artsob H">H. Artsob</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bastien, N" uniqKey="Bastien N">N. Bastien</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bernard, K" uniqKey="Bernard K">K. Bernard</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Booth, T F" uniqKey="Booth T">T.F. Booth</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bowness, D" uniqKey="Bowness D">D. Bowness</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Czub, M" uniqKey="Czub M">M. Czub</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drebot, M" uniqKey="Drebot M">M. Drebot</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fernando, L" uniqKey="Fernando L">L. Fernando</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Flick, R" uniqKey="Flick R">R. Flick</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garbutt, M" uniqKey="Garbutt M">M. Garbutt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gray, M" uniqKey="Gray M">M. Gray</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grolla, A" uniqKey="Grolla A">A. Grolla</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jones, S" uniqKey="Jones S">S. Jones</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feldmann, H" uniqKey="Feldmann H">H. Feldmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyers, A" uniqKey="Meyers A">A. Meyers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kabani, A" uniqKey="Kabani A">A. Kabani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Y" uniqKey="Li Y">Y. Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Normand, S" uniqKey="Normand S">S. Normand</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stroher, U" uniqKey="Stroher U">U. Stroher</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tipples, G A" uniqKey="Tipples G">G.A. Tipples</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tyler, S" uniqKey="Tyler S">S. Tyler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vogrig, R" uniqKey="Vogrig R">R. Vogrig</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ward, D" uniqKey="Ward D">D. Ward</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Watson, B" uniqKey="Watson B">B. Watson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brunham, R C" uniqKey="Brunham R">R.C. Brunham</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Krajden, M" uniqKey="Krajden M">M. Krajden</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Petric, M" uniqKey="Petric M">M. Petric</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Skowronski, D M" uniqKey="Skowronski D">D.M. Skowronski</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Upton, C" uniqKey="Upton C">C. Upton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roper, R L" uniqKey="Roper R">R.L. Roper</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Peiris, J S M" uniqKey="Peiris J">J.S.M. Peiris</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lai, S T" uniqKey="Lai S">S.T. Lai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Poon, L L M" uniqKey="Poon L">L.L.M. Poon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guan, Y" uniqKey="Guan Y">Y. Guan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yam, L Y C" uniqKey="Yam L">L.Y.C. Yam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lim, W" uniqKey="Lim W">W. Lim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nicholls, J" uniqKey="Nicholls J">J. Nicholls</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yee, W K S" uniqKey="Yee W">W.K.S. Yee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yan, W W" uniqKey="Yan W">W.W. Yan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cheung, M T" uniqKey="Cheung M">M.T. Cheung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cheng, V C C" uniqKey="Cheng V">V.C.C. Cheng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, K H" uniqKey="Chan K">K.H. Chan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tsang, D N C" uniqKey="Tsang D">D.N.C. Tsang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yung, R W H" uniqKey="Yung R">R.W.H. Yung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ng, T K" uniqKey="Ng T">T.K. Ng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuen, K Y" uniqKey="Yuen K">K.Y. Yuen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rota, P A" uniqKey="Rota P">P.A. Rota</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oberste, M S" uniqKey="Oberste M">M.S. Oberste</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Monroe, S S" uniqKey="Monroe S">S.S. Monroe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nix, W A" uniqKey="Nix W">W.A. Nix</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Campagnoli, R" uniqKey="Campagnoli R">R. Campagnoli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Icenogle, J P" uniqKey="Icenogle J">J.P. Icenogle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pe Aranda, S" uniqKey="Pe Aranda S">S. Peñaranda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bankamp, B" uniqKey="Bankamp B">B. Bankamp</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maher, K" uniqKey="Maher K">K. Maher</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, M" uniqKey="Chen M">M. Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tong, S" uniqKey="Tong S">S. Tong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tamin, A" uniqKey="Tamin A">A. Tamin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lowe, L" uniqKey="Lowe L">L. Lowe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Frace, M" uniqKey="Frace M">M. Frace</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Derisi, J L" uniqKey="Derisi J">J.L. DeRisi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Q" uniqKey="Chen Q">Q. Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, D" uniqKey="Wang D">D. Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Erdman, D D" uniqKey="Erdman D">D.D. Erdman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peret, T C T" uniqKey="Peret T">T.C.T. Peret</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burns, C" uniqKey="Burns C">C. Burns</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ksiazek, T G" uniqKey="Ksiazek T">T.G. Ksiazek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rollin, P E" uniqKey="Rollin P">P.E. Rollin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sanchez, A" uniqKey="Sanchez A">A. Sanchez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liffick, S" uniqKey="Liffick S">S. Liffick</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holloway, B" uniqKey="Holloway B">B. Holloway</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Limor, J" uniqKey="Limor J">J. Limor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mccaustland, K" uniqKey="Mccaustland K">K. McCaustland</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Olsen Rasmussen, M" uniqKey="Olsen Rasmussen M">M. Olsen-Rasmussen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fouchier, R" uniqKey="Fouchier R">R. Fouchier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gunther, S" uniqKey="Gunther S">S. Günther</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, A D M E" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">A.D.M.E. Osterhaus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drosten, C" uniqKey="Drosten C">C. Drosten</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pallansch, M A" uniqKey="Pallansch M">M.A. Pallansch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anderson, L J" uniqKey="Anderson L">L.J. Anderson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bellini, W J" uniqKey="Bellini W">W.J. Bellini</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hofmann, H" uniqKey="Hofmann H">H. Hofmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hattermann, K" uniqKey="Hattermann K">K. Hattermann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marzi, A" uniqKey="Marzi A">A. Marzi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gramberg, T" uniqKey="Gramberg T">T. Gramberg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Geier, M" uniqKey="Geier M">M. Geier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Krumbiegel, M" uniqKey="Krumbiegel M">M. Krumbiegel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kuate, S" uniqKey="Kuate S">S. Kuate</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Uberla, K" uniqKey="Uberla K">K. Überla</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Niedrig, M" uniqKey="Niedrig M">M. Niedrig</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pohlmann, S" uniqKey="Pohlmann S">S. Pöhlmann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Xiao, X" uniqKey="Xiao X">X. Xiao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dimitrov, D S" uniqKey="Dimitrov D">D.S. Dimitrov</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, W" uniqKey="Li W">W. Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moore, M J" uniqKey="Moore M">M.J. Moore</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vasilieva, N" uniqKey="Vasilieva N">N. Vasilieva</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sui, J" uniqKey="Sui J">J. Sui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wong, S K" uniqKey="Wong S">S.K. Wong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berne, M A" uniqKey="Berne M">M.A. Berne</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Somasundaran, M" uniqKey="Somasundaran M">M. Somasundaran</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sullivan, J L" uniqKey="Sullivan J">J.L. Sullivan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Luzuriaga, K" uniqKey="Luzuriaga K">K. Luzuriaga</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Greenough, T C" uniqKey="Greenough T">T.C. Greenough</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choe, H" uniqKey="Choe H">H. Choe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farzan, M" uniqKey="Farzan M">M. Farzan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wong, S K" uniqKey="Wong S">S.K. Wong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, W" uniqKey="Li W">W. Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moore, M J" uniqKey="Moore M">M.J. Moore</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choe, H" uniqKey="Choe H">H. Choe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farzan, M" uniqKey="Farzan M">M. Farzan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bosch, B J" uniqKey="Bosch B">B.J. Bosch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martina, B E E" uniqKey="Martina B">B.E.E. Martina</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Zee, R" uniqKey="Van Der Zee R">R. van der Zee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lepault, J" uniqKey="Lepault J">J. Lepault</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haijema, B J" uniqKey="Haijema B">B.J. Haijema</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Versluis, C" uniqKey="Versluis C">C. Versluis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heck, A J R" uniqKey="Heck A">A.J.R. Heck</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Groot, R" uniqKey="De Groot R">R. de Groot</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, A D M E" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">A.D.M.E. Osterhaus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rottier, P J M" uniqKey="Rottier P">P.J.M. Rottier</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ingallinella, P" uniqKey="Ingallinella P">P. Ingallinella</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bianchi, E" uniqKey="Bianchi E">E. Bianchi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Finotto, M" uniqKey="Finotto M">M. Finotto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cantoni, G" uniqKey="Cantoni G">G. Cantoni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eckert, D M" uniqKey="Eckert D">D.M. Eckert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Supekar, V M" uniqKey="Supekar V">V.M. Supekar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bruckmann, C" uniqKey="Bruckmann C">C. Bruckmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carfi, A" uniqKey="Carfi A">A. Carfi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pessi, A" uniqKey="Pessi A">A. Pessi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liu, S" uniqKey="Liu S">S. Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiao, G" uniqKey="Xiao G">G. Xiao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Y" uniqKey="Chen Y">Y. Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="He, Y" uniqKey="He Y">Y. He</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Niu, J" uniqKey="Niu J">J. Niu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Escalante, C R" uniqKey="Escalante C">C.R. Escalante</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiong, H" uniqKey="Xiong H">H. Xiong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farmar, J" uniqKey="Farmar J">J. Farmar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Debnath, A K" uniqKey="Debnath A">A.K. Debnath</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tien, P" uniqKey="Tien P">P. Tien</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jiang, S" uniqKey="Jiang S">S. Jiang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tripet, B" uniqKey="Tripet B">B. Tripet</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Howard, M W" uniqKey="Howard M">M.W. Howard</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jobling, M" uniqKey="Jobling M">M. Jobling</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holmes, R K" uniqKey="Holmes R">R.K. Holmes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holmes, K V" uniqKey="Holmes K">K.V. Holmes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hodges, R S" uniqKey="Hodges R">R.S. Hodges</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhu, J" uniqKey="Zhu J">J. Zhu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiao, G" uniqKey="Xiao G">G. Xiao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu, Y" uniqKey="Xu Y">Y. Xu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuan, F" uniqKey="Yuan F">F. Yuan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zheng, C" uniqKey="Zheng C">C. Zheng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Y" uniqKey="Liu Y">Y. Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yan, H" uniqKey="Yan H">H. Yan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cole, D K" uniqKey="Cole D">D.K. Cole</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bell, J I" uniqKey="Bell J">J.I. Bell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rao, Z" uniqKey="Rao Z">Z. Rao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tien, P" uniqKey="Tien P">P. Tien</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gao, G F" uniqKey="Gao G">G.F. Gao</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eckert, D M" uniqKey="Eckert D">D.M. Eckert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, P S" uniqKey="Kim P">P.S. Kim</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eckert, D M" uniqKey="Eckert D">D.M. Eckert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, P S" uniqKey="Kim P">P.S. Kim</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kilby, J M" uniqKey="Kilby J">J.M. Kilby</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hopkins, S" uniqKey="Hopkins S">S. Hopkins</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Venetta, T M" uniqKey="Venetta T">T.M. Venetta</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dimassimo, B" uniqKey="Dimassimo B">B. DiMassimo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cloud, G A" uniqKey="Cloud G">G.A. Cloud</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, J Y" uniqKey="Lee J">J.Y. Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alldredge, L" uniqKey="Alldredge L">L. Alldredge</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hunter, E" uniqKey="Hunter E">E. Hunter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lambert, D" uniqKey="Lambert D">D. Lambert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bolognesi, D" uniqKey="Bolognesi D">D. Bolognesi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matthews, T" uniqKey="Matthews T">T. Matthews</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnson, M R" uniqKey="Johnson M">M.R. Johnson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nowak, M A" uniqKey="Nowak M">M.A. Nowak</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shaw, G M" uniqKey="Shaw G">G.M. Shaw</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saag, M S" uniqKey="Saag M">M.S. Saag</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lu, M" uniqKey="Lu M">M. Lu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blacklow, S C" uniqKey="Blacklow S">S.C. Blacklow</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, P S" uniqKey="Kim P">P.S. Kim</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Joshi, S B" uniqKey="Joshi S">S.B. Joshi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dutch, R E" uniqKey="Dutch R">R.E. Dutch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lamb, R A" uniqKey="Lamb R">R.A. Lamb</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bosch, B J" uniqKey="Bosch B">B.J. Bosch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Zee, R" uniqKey="Van Der Zee R">R. van der Zee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Haan, C A M" uniqKey="De Haan C">C.A.M. de Haan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rottier, P J M" uniqKey="Rottier P">P.J.M. Rottier</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kilby, J M" uniqKey="Kilby J">J.M. Kilby</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eron, J J" uniqKey="Eron J">J.J. Eron</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eron, J J" uniqKey="Eron J">J.J. Eron</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gulick, R M" uniqKey="Gulick R">R.M. Gulick</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bartlett, J A" uniqKey="Bartlett J">J.A. Bartlett</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Merigan, T" uniqKey="Merigan T">T. Merigan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arduino, R" uniqKey="Arduino R">R. Arduino</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kilby, J M" uniqKey="Kilby J">J.M. Kilby</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yangco, B" uniqKey="Yangco B">B. Yangco</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diers, A" uniqKey="Diers A">A. Diers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drobnes, C" uniqKey="Drobnes C">C. Drobnes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Demasi, R" uniqKey="Demasi R">R. DeMasi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Greenberg, M" uniqKey="Greenberg M">M. Greenberg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Melby, T" uniqKey="Melby T">T. Melby</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raskino, C" uniqKey="Raskino C">C. Raskino</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rusnak, P" uniqKey="Rusnak P">P. Rusnak</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Y" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y. Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spence, R" uniqKey="Spence R">R. Spence</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miralles, G D" uniqKey="Miralles G">G.D. Miralles</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yamamoto, N" uniqKey="Yamamoto N">N. Yamamoto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, R" uniqKey="Yang R">R. Yang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yoshinaka, Y" uniqKey="Yoshinaka Y">Y. Yoshinaka</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Amari, S" uniqKey="Amari S">S. Amari</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nakano, T" uniqKey="Nakano T">T. Nakano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cinatl, J" uniqKey="Cinatl J">J. Cinatl</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rabenau, H" uniqKey="Rabenau H">H. Rabenau</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Doerr, H W" uniqKey="Doerr H">H.W. Doerr</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hunsmann, G" uniqKey="Hunsmann G">G. Hunsmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Otaka, A" uniqKey="Otaka A">A. Otaka</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tamamura, H" uniqKey="Tamamura H">H. Tamamura</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fujii, N" uniqKey="Fujii N">N. Fujii</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yamamoto, N" uniqKey="Yamamoto N">N. Yamamoto</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liu, G" uniqKey="Liu G">G. Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lam, K S" uniqKey="Lam K">K.S. Lam</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mayer, L D" uniqKey="Mayer L">L.D. Mayer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hopes, M J" uniqKey="Hopes M">M.J. Hopes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cullis, P R" uniqKey="Cullis P">P.R. Cullis</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cladera, J" uniqKey="Cladera J">J. Cladera</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, I" uniqKey="Martin I">I. Martin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="O Shea, P" uniqKey="O Shea P">P. O'Shea</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cladera, J" uniqKey="Cladera J">J. Cladera</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="O Shea, P" uniqKey="O Shea P">P. O'Shea</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bertsch, M" uniqKey="Bertsch M">M. Bertsch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mayburd, A L" uniqKey="Mayburd A">A.L. Mayburd</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kassner, R J" uniqKey="Kassner R">R.J. Kassner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ganesh, S" uniqKey="Ganesh S">S. Ganesh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jayakumar, R" uniqKey="Jayakumar R">R. Jayakumar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Veiga, S" uniqKey="Veiga S">S. Veiga</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Henriques, S" uniqKey="Henriques S">S. Henriques</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santos, N C" uniqKey="Santos N">N.C. Santos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castanho, M" uniqKey="Castanho M">M. Castanho</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Veiga, A S" uniqKey="Veiga A">A.S. Veiga</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santos, N C" uniqKey="Santos N">N.C. Santos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Loura, L M S" uniqKey="Loura L">L.M.S. Loura</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fedorov, A" uniqKey="Fedorov A">A. Fedorov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castanho, M A R B" uniqKey="Castanho M">M.A.R.B. Castanho</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abdiche, Y N" uniqKey="Abdiche Y">Y.N. Abdiche</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Myszka, D G" uniqKey="Myszka D">D.G. Myszka</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Santos, N C" uniqKey="Santos N">N.C. Santos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castanho, M" uniqKey="Castanho M">M. Castanho</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sui, J" uniqKey="Sui J">J. Sui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, W" uniqKey="Li W">W. Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Murakami, A" uniqKey="Murakami A">A. Murakami</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tamin, A" uniqKey="Tamin A">A. Tamin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matthews, L J" uniqKey="Matthews L">L.J. Matthews</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wong, S K" uniqKey="Wong S">S.K. Wong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moore, M J" uniqKey="Moore M">M.J. Moore</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tallarico, A St C" uniqKey="Tallarico A">A.St.C. Tallarico</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Olurinde, M" uniqKey="Olurinde M">M. Olurinde</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choe, H" uniqKey="Choe H">H. Choe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anderson, L J" uniqKey="Anderson L">L.J. Anderson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bellini, W J" uniqKey="Bellini W">W.J. Bellini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farzan, M" uniqKey="Farzan M">M. Farzan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marasco, W A" uniqKey="Marasco W">W.A. Marasco</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kubota, Y" uniqKey="Kubota Y">Y. Kubota</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Motoda, Y" uniqKey="Motoda Y">Y. Motoda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shigemune, Y" uniqKey="Shigemune Y">Y. Shigemune</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fujisak, Y" uniqKey="Fujisak Y">Y. Fujisak</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Supekar, V M" uniqKey="Supekar V">V.M. Supekar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bruckmann, C" uniqKey="Bruckmann C">C. Bruckmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ingallinella, P" uniqKey="Ingallinella P">P. Ingallinella</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bianchi, E" uniqKey="Bianchi E">E. Bianchi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pessi, A" uniqKey="Pessi A">A. Pessi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carfi, A" uniqKey="Carfi A">A. Carfi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Baldwin, C E" uniqKey="Baldwin C">C.E. Baldwin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sanders, R W" uniqKey="Sanders R">R.W. Sanders</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berkhout, B" uniqKey="Berkhout B">B. Berkhout</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
</pmc>
<pubmed><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Why are HIV-1 fusion inhibitors not effective against SARS-CoV? Biophysical evaluation of molecular interactions.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Veiga, Salome" sort="Veiga, Salome" uniqKey="Veiga S" first="Salomé" last="Veiga">Salomé Veiga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C8, 1749-016 Lisboa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1749-016 Lisboa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuan, Yunyun" sort="Yuan, Yunyun" uniqKey="Yuan Y" first="Yunyun" last="Yuan">Yunyun Yuan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Xuqin" sort="Li, Xuqin" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xuqin" last="Li">Xuqin Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santos, Nuno C" sort="Santos, Nuno C" uniqKey="Santos N" first="Nuno C" last="Santos">Nuno C. Santos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Gang" sort="Liu, Gang" uniqKey="Liu G" first="Gang" last="Liu">Gang Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castanho, Miguel A R B" sort="Castanho, Miguel A R B" uniqKey="Castanho M" first="Miguel A R B" last="Castanho">Miguel A R B. Castanho</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<date when="2006">2006</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:16290276</idno>
<idno type="pmid">16290276</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.10.001</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002446</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002446</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">002446</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">002446</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">001F23</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">001F23</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Why are HIV-1 fusion inhibitors not effective against SARS-CoV? Biophysical evaluation of molecular interactions.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Veiga, Salome" sort="Veiga, Salome" uniqKey="Veiga S" first="Salomé" last="Veiga">Salomé Veiga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C8, 1749-016 Lisboa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1749-016 Lisboa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuan, Yunyun" sort="Yuan, Yunyun" uniqKey="Yuan Y" first="Yunyun" last="Yuan">Yunyun Yuan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Xuqin" sort="Li, Xuqin" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xuqin" last="Li">Xuqin Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santos, Nuno C" sort="Santos, Nuno C" uniqKey="Santos N" first="Nuno C" last="Santos">Nuno C. Santos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Gang" sort="Liu, Gang" uniqKey="Liu G" first="Gang" last="Liu">Gang Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castanho, Miguel A R B" sort="Castanho, Miguel A R B" uniqKey="Castanho M" first="Miguel A R B" last="Castanho">Miguel A R B. Castanho</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Biochimica et biophysica acta</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0006-3002</idno>
<imprint><date when="2006" type="published">2006</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Amino Acid Sequence</term>
<term>Enfuvirtide</term>
<term>HIV Envelope Protein gp41 (pharmacology)</term>
<term>HIV Fusion Inhibitors (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions</term>
<term>Liposomes</term>
<term>Peptide Fragments (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Phosphatidylcholines</term>
<term>SARS Virus (drug effects)</term>
<term>Viral Fusion Proteins (chemistry)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Fragments peptidiques (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Inhibiteurs de fusion du VIH (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Interactions hydrophobes et hydrophiles</term>
<term>Liposomes</term>
<term>Phosphatidylcholines</term>
<term>Protéine d'enveloppe gp41 du VIH (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Protéines de fusion virale ()</term>
<term>Séquence d'acides aminés</term>
<term>Virus du SRAS ()</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Viral Fusion Proteins</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacology" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Envelope Protein gp41</term>
<term>HIV Fusion Inhibitors</term>
<term>Peptide Fragments</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>Enfuvirtide</term>
<term>Liposomes</term>
<term>Phosphatidylcholines</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>SARS Virus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pharmacologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Fragments peptidiques</term>
<term>Inhibiteurs de fusion du VIH</term>
<term>Protéine d'enveloppe gp41 du VIH</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Amino Acid Sequence</term>
<term>Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Interactions hydrophobes et hydrophiles</term>
<term>Liposomes</term>
<term>Phosphatidylcholines</term>
<term>Protéines de fusion virale</term>
<term>Séquence d'acides aminés</term>
<term>Virus du SRAS</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The envelope spike (S) glycoprotein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) mediates the entry of the virus into target cells. Recent studies point out to a cell entry mechanism of this virus similar to other enveloped viruses, such as HIV-1. As it happens with other viruses peptidic fusion inhibitors, SARS-CoV S protein HR2-derived peptides are potential therapeutic drugs against the virus. It is believed that HR2 peptides block the six-helix bundle formation, a key structure in the viral fusion, by interacting with the HR1 region. It is a matter of discussion if the HIV-1 gp41 HR2-derived peptide T20 (enfuvirtide) could be a possible SARS-CoV inhibitor given the similarities between the two viruses. We tested the possibility of interaction between both T20 (HIV-1 gp41 HR2-derived peptide) and T-1249 with S protein HR1- and HR2-derived peptides. Our biophysical data show a significant interaction between a SARS-CoV HR1-derived peptide and T20. However, the interaction is only moderate (K(B)=(1.1+/-0.3)x10(5) M(-1)). This finding shows that the reasoning behind the hypothesis that T20, already approved for clinical application in AIDS treatment, could inhibit the fusion of SARS-CoV with target cells is correct but the effect may not be strong enough for application.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
</pubmed>
</double>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/SrasV1/Data/Ncbi/Merge
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001263 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/biblio.hfd -nk 001263 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Sante |area= SrasV1 |flux= Ncbi |étape= Merge |type= RBID |clé= PMC:7116955 |texte= Why are HIV-1 fusion inhibitors not effective against SARS-CoV? Biophysical evaluation of molecular interactions }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:16290276" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a SrasV1
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. | ![]() |