Comparative full-length genome sequence analysis of 14 SARS coronavirus isolates and common mutations associated with putative origins of infection
Identifieur interne : 000135 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000134; suivant : 000136Comparative full-length genome sequence analysis of 14 SARS coronavirus isolates and common mutations associated with putative origins of infection
Auteurs : Yijun Ruan [Singapour] ; Chia Lin Wei [Singapour] ; Ai Ee Ling [Singapour] ; Vinsensius B. Vega [Singapour] ; Herve Thoreau [Singapour] ; Su Yun Se Thoe [Singapour] ; Jer-Ming Chia [Singapour] ; Patrick Ng [Singapour] ; Kuo Ping Chiu [Singapour] ; Landri Lim [Singapour] ; Tao Zhang [Singapour] ; Kwai Peng Chan [Singapour] ; Lynette Oon Lin Ean [Singapour] ; Mah Lee Ng [Singapour] ; Sin Yee Leo [Singapour] ; Lisa Fp Ng [Singapour] ; Ee Chee Ren [Singapour] ; Lawrence W. Stanton [Singapour] ; Philip M. Long [Singapour] ; Edison T. Liu [Singapour]Source :
- Lancet (London, England) [ 0140-6736 ] ; 2003.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- génétique : Virus du SRAS.
- isolement et purification : Virus du SRAS.
- Cadres ouverts de lecture, Données de séquences moléculaires, Génome viral, Humains, Mutation, Phylogénie, Polymorphisme génétique, Singapour, Séquence d'acides aminés, Séquence nucléotidique, Virus du SRAS.
- Wicri :
- geographic : Singapour.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- geographic : Singapore.
- classification : SARS Virus.
- genetics : SARS Virus.
- isolation & purification : SARS Virus.
- Amino Acid Sequence, Base Sequence, Genome, Viral, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Open Reading Frames, Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Genetic.
Abstract
The cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been identified as a new coronavirus. Whole genome sequence analysis of various isolates might provide an indication of potential strain differences of this new virus. Moreover, mutation analysis will help to develop effective vaccines.
We sequenced the entire SARS viral genome of cultured isolates from the index case (SIN2500) presenting in Singapore, from three primary contacts (SIN2774, SIN2748, and SIN2677), and one secondary contact (SIN2679). These sequences were compared with the isolates from Canada (TOR2), Hong Kong (CUHK-W1 and HKU39849), Hanoi (URBANI), Guangzhou (GZ01), and Beijing (BJ01, BJ02, BJ03, BJ04).
We identified 129 sequence variations among the 14 isolates, with 16 recurrent variant sequences. Common variant sequences at four loci define two distinct genotypes of the SARS virus. One genotype was linked with infections originating in Hotel M in Hong Kong, the second contained isolates from Hong Kong, Guangzhou, and Beijing with no association with Hotel M (p<0.0001). Moreover, other common sequence variants further distinguished the geographical origins of the isolates, especially between Singapore and Beijing.
Despite the recent onset of the SARS epidemic, genetic signatures are emerging that partition the worldwide SARS viral isolates into groups on the basis of contact source history and geography. These signatures can be used to trace sources of infection. In addition, a common variant associated with a non-conservative aminoacid change in the S1 region of the spike protein, suggests that immunological pressures might be starting to influence the evolution of the SARS virus in human populations.
Published online May 9, 2003 http://image.thelancet.com/extras/03art4454web.pdf
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13414-9
PubMed: 12781537
PubMed Central: 7140172
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PMC:7140172Le document en format XML
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Comparative full-length genome sequence analysis of 14 SARS coronavirus isolates and common mutations associated with putative origins of infection</title>
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<author><name sortKey="Chia, Jer Ming" sort="Chia, Jer Ming" uniqKey="Chia J" first="Jer-Ming" last="Chia">Jer-Ming Chia</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ng, Patrick" sort="Ng, Patrick" uniqKey="Ng P" first="Patrick" last="Ng">Patrick Ng</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Chiu, Kuo Ping" sort="Chiu, Kuo Ping" uniqKey="Chiu K" first="Kuo Ping" last="Chiu">Kuo Ping Chiu</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Lim, Landri" sort="Lim, Landri" uniqKey="Lim L" first="Landri" last="Lim">Landri Lim</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Tao" sort="Zhang, Tao" uniqKey="Zhang T" first="Tao" last="Zhang">Tao Zhang</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Chan, Kwai Peng" sort="Chan, Kwai Peng" uniqKey="Chan K" first="Kwai Peng" last="Chan">Kwai Peng Chan</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Lin Ean, Lynette Oon" sort="Lin Ean, Lynette Oon" uniqKey="Lin Ean L" first="Lynette Oon" last="Lin Ean">Lynette Oon Lin Ean</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ng, Mah Lee" sort="Ng, Mah Lee" uniqKey="Ng M" first="Mah Lee" last="Ng">Mah Lee Ng</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Leo, Sin Yee" sort="Leo, Sin Yee" uniqKey="Leo S" first="Sin Yee" last="Leo">Sin Yee Leo</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ng, Lisa Fp" sort="Ng, Lisa Fp" uniqKey="Ng L" first="Lisa Fp" last="Ng">Lisa Fp Ng</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Stanton, Lawrence W" sort="Stanton, Lawrence W" uniqKey="Stanton L" first="Lawrence W" last="Stanton">Lawrence W. Stanton</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Long, Philip M" sort="Long, Philip M" uniqKey="Long P" first="Philip M" last="Long">Philip M. Long</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Liu, Edison T" sort="Liu, Edison T" uniqKey="Liu E" first="Edison T" last="Liu">Edison T. Liu</name>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Amino Acid Sequence</term>
<term>Base Sequence</term>
<term>Genome, Viral</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Molecular Sequence Data</term>
<term>Mutation</term>
<term>Open Reading Frames</term>
<term>Phylogeny</term>
<term>Polymorphism, Genetic</term>
<term>SARS Virus (classification)</term>
<term>SARS Virus (genetics)</term>
<term>SARS Virus (isolation & purification)</term>
<term>Singapore</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cadres ouverts de lecture</term>
<term>Données de séquences moléculaires</term>
<term>Génome viral</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Mutation</term>
<term>Phylogénie</term>
<term>Polymorphisme génétique</term>
<term>Singapour</term>
<term>Séquence d'acides aminés</term>
<term>Séquence nucléotidique</term>
<term>Virus du SRAS ()</term>
<term>Virus du SRAS (génétique)</term>
<term>Virus du SRAS (isolement et purification)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Singapore</term>
</keywords>
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</keywords>
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</keywords>
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</keywords>
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</keywords>
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</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Amino Acid Sequence</term>
<term>Base Sequence</term>
<term>Genome, Viral</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Molecular Sequence Data</term>
<term>Mutation</term>
<term>Open Reading Frames</term>
<term>Phylogeny</term>
<term>Polymorphism, Genetic</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cadres ouverts de lecture</term>
<term>Données de séquences moléculaires</term>
<term>Génome viral</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Mutation</term>
<term>Phylogénie</term>
<term>Polymorphisme génétique</term>
<term>Singapour</term>
<term>Séquence d'acides aminés</term>
<term>Séquence nucléotidique</term>
<term>Virus du SRAS</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Singapour</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Summary</title>
<sec><title>Background</title>
<p>The cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been identified as a new coronavirus. Whole genome sequence analysis of various isolates might provide an indication of potential strain differences of this new virus. Moreover, mutation analysis will help to develop effective vaccines.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>We sequenced the entire SARS viral genome of cultured isolates from the index case (SIN2500) presenting in Singapore, from three primary contacts (SIN2774, SIN2748, and SIN2677), and one secondary contact (SIN2679). These sequences were compared with the isolates from Canada (TOR2), Hong Kong (CUHK-W1 and HKU39849), Hanoi (URBANI), Guangzhou (GZ01), and Beijing (BJ01, BJ02, BJ03, BJ04).</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Findings</title>
<p>We identified 129 sequence variations among the 14 isolates, with 16 recurrent variant sequences. Common variant sequences at four loci define two distinct genotypes of the SARS virus. One genotype was linked with infections originating in Hotel M in Hong Kong, the second contained isolates from Hong Kong, Guangzhou, and Beijing with no association with Hotel M (p<0.0001). Moreover, other common sequence variants further distinguished the geographical origins of the isolates, especially between Singapore and Beijing.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Interpretation</title>
<p>Despite the recent onset of the SARS epidemic, genetic signatures are emerging that partition the worldwide SARS viral isolates into groups on the basis of contact source history and geography. These signatures can be used to trace sources of infection. In addition, a common variant associated with a non-conservative aminoacid change in the S1 region of the spike protein, suggests that immunological pressures might be starting to influence the evolution of the SARS virus in human populations.</p>
<p>Published online May 9, 2003 http://image.thelancet.com/extras/03art4454web.pdf</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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</TEI>
<double pmid="12781537"><pmc><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Comparative full-length genome sequence analysis of 14 SARS coronavirus isolates and common mutations associated with putative origins of infection</title>
<author><name sortKey="Ruan, Yijun" sort="Ruan, Yijun" uniqKey="Ruan Y" first="Yijun" last="Ruan">Yijun Ruan</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wei, Chia Lin" sort="Wei, Chia Lin" uniqKey="Wei C" first="Chia Lin" last="Wei">Chia Lin Wei</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ling, Ai Ee" sort="Ling, Ai Ee" uniqKey="Ling A" first="Ai Ee" last="Ling">Ai Ee Ling</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Virology Section, Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>Virology Section, Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Singapore General Hospital</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vega, Vinsensius B" sort="Vega, Vinsensius B" uniqKey="Vega V" first="Vinsensius B" last="Vega">Vinsensius B. Vega</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thoreau, Herve" sort="Thoreau, Herve" uniqKey="Thoreau H" first="Herve" last="Thoreau">Herve Thoreau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Se Thoe, Su Yun" sort="Se Thoe, Su Yun" uniqKey="Se Thoe S" first="Su Yun" last="Se Thoe">Su Yun Se Thoe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Virology Section, Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Virology Section, Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Singapore General Hospital</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chia, Jer Ming" sort="Chia, Jer Ming" uniqKey="Chia J" first="Jer-Ming" last="Chia">Jer-Ming Chia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ng, Patrick" sort="Ng, Patrick" uniqKey="Ng P" first="Patrick" last="Ng">Patrick Ng</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chiu, Kuo Ping" sort="Chiu, Kuo Ping" uniqKey="Chiu K" first="Kuo Ping" last="Chiu">Kuo Ping Chiu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lim, Landri" sort="Lim, Landri" uniqKey="Lim L" first="Landri" last="Lim">Landri Lim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Tao" sort="Zhang, Tao" uniqKey="Zhang T" first="Tao" last="Zhang">Tao Zhang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, Kwai Peng" sort="Chan, Kwai Peng" uniqKey="Chan K" first="Kwai Peng" last="Chan">Kwai Peng Chan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Virology Section, Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Virology Section, Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Singapore General Hospital</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin Ean, Lynette Oon" sort="Lin Ean, Lynette Oon" uniqKey="Lin Ean L" first="Lynette Oon" last="Lin Ean">Lynette Oon Lin Ean</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Virology Section, Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Virology Section, Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Singapore General Hospital</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ng, Mah Lee" sort="Ng, Mah Lee" uniqKey="Ng M" first="Mah Lee" last="Ng">Mah Lee Ng</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Microbiology and Electron Microscopy Unit, National University of Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country>Singapour</country>
<orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leo, Sin Yee" sort="Leo, Sin Yee" uniqKey="Leo S" first="Sin Yee" last="Leo">Sin Yee Leo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Tan Tock Seng Hospital</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ng, Lisa Fp" sort="Ng, Lisa Fp" uniqKey="Ng L" first="Lisa Fp" last="Ng">Lisa Fp Ng</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ren, Ee Chee" sort="Ren, Ee Chee" uniqKey="Ren E" first="Ee Chee" last="Ren">Ee Chee Ren</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stanton, Lawrence W" sort="Stanton, Lawrence W" uniqKey="Stanton L" first="Lawrence W" last="Stanton">Lawrence W. Stanton</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Long, Philip M" sort="Long, Philip M" uniqKey="Long P" first="Philip M" last="Long">Philip M. Long</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Edison T" sort="Liu, Edison T" uniqKey="Liu E" first="Edison T" last="Liu">Edison T. Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
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<idno type="pmid">12781537</idno>
<idno type="pmc">7140172</idno>
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<idno type="RBID">PMC:7140172</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13414-9</idno>
<date when="2003">2003</date>
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</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Comparative full-length genome sequence analysis of 14 SARS coronavirus isolates and common mutations associated with putative origins of infection</title>
<author><name sortKey="Ruan, Yijun" sort="Ruan, Yijun" uniqKey="Ruan Y" first="Yijun" last="Ruan">Yijun Ruan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wei, Chia Lin" sort="Wei, Chia Lin" uniqKey="Wei C" first="Chia Lin" last="Wei">Chia Lin Wei</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ling, Ai Ee" sort="Ling, Ai Ee" uniqKey="Ling A" first="Ai Ee" last="Ling">Ai Ee Ling</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Virology Section, Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Virology Section, Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Singapore General Hospital</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vega, Vinsensius B" sort="Vega, Vinsensius B" uniqKey="Vega V" first="Vinsensius B" last="Vega">Vinsensius B. Vega</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thoreau, Herve" sort="Thoreau, Herve" uniqKey="Thoreau H" first="Herve" last="Thoreau">Herve Thoreau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Se Thoe, Su Yun" sort="Se Thoe, Su Yun" uniqKey="Se Thoe S" first="Su Yun" last="Se Thoe">Su Yun Se Thoe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Virology Section, Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Virology Section, Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Singapore General Hospital</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chia, Jer Ming" sort="Chia, Jer Ming" uniqKey="Chia J" first="Jer-Ming" last="Chia">Jer-Ming Chia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ng, Patrick" sort="Ng, Patrick" uniqKey="Ng P" first="Patrick" last="Ng">Patrick Ng</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chiu, Kuo Ping" sort="Chiu, Kuo Ping" uniqKey="Chiu K" first="Kuo Ping" last="Chiu">Kuo Ping Chiu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lim, Landri" sort="Lim, Landri" uniqKey="Lim L" first="Landri" last="Lim">Landri Lim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Tao" sort="Zhang, Tao" uniqKey="Zhang T" first="Tao" last="Zhang">Tao Zhang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, Kwai Peng" sort="Chan, Kwai Peng" uniqKey="Chan K" first="Kwai Peng" last="Chan">Kwai Peng Chan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Virology Section, Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Virology Section, Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Singapore General Hospital</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin Ean, Lynette Oon" sort="Lin Ean, Lynette Oon" uniqKey="Lin Ean L" first="Lynette Oon" last="Lin Ean">Lynette Oon Lin Ean</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Virology Section, Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Virology Section, Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Singapore General Hospital</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ng, Mah Lee" sort="Ng, Mah Lee" uniqKey="Ng M" first="Mah Lee" last="Ng">Mah Lee Ng</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Microbiology and Electron Microscopy Unit, National University of Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country>Singapour</country>
<orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leo, Sin Yee" sort="Leo, Sin Yee" uniqKey="Leo S" first="Sin Yee" last="Leo">Sin Yee Leo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Tan Tock Seng Hospital</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ng, Lisa Fp" sort="Ng, Lisa Fp" uniqKey="Ng L" first="Lisa Fp" last="Ng">Lisa Fp Ng</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ren, Ee Chee" sort="Ren, Ee Chee" uniqKey="Ren E" first="Ee Chee" last="Ren">Ee Chee Ren</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stanton, Lawrence W" sort="Stanton, Lawrence W" uniqKey="Stanton L" first="Lawrence W" last="Stanton">Lawrence W. Stanton</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Long, Philip M" sort="Long, Philip M" uniqKey="Long P" first="Philip M" last="Long">Philip M. Long</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Edison T" sort="Liu, Edison T" uniqKey="Liu E" first="Edison T" last="Liu">Edison T. Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Lancet (London, England)</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0140-6736</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1474-547X</idno>
<imprint><date when="2003">2003</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Summary</title>
<sec><title>Background</title>
<p>The cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been identified as a new coronavirus. Whole genome sequence analysis of various isolates might provide an indication of potential strain differences of this new virus. Moreover, mutation analysis will help to develop effective vaccines.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>We sequenced the entire SARS viral genome of cultured isolates from the index case (SIN2500) presenting in Singapore, from three primary contacts (SIN2774, SIN2748, and SIN2677), and one secondary contact (SIN2679). These sequences were compared with the isolates from Canada (TOR2), Hong Kong (CUHK-W1 and HKU39849), Hanoi (URBANI), Guangzhou (GZ01), and Beijing (BJ01, BJ02, BJ03, BJ04).</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Findings</title>
<p>We identified 129 sequence variations among the 14 isolates, with 16 recurrent variant sequences. Common variant sequences at four loci define two distinct genotypes of the SARS virus. One genotype was linked with infections originating in Hotel M in Hong Kong, the second contained isolates from Hong Kong, Guangzhou, and Beijing with no association with Hotel M (p<0.0001). Moreover, other common sequence variants further distinguished the geographical origins of the isolates, especially between Singapore and Beijing.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Interpretation</title>
<p>Despite the recent onset of the SARS epidemic, genetic signatures are emerging that partition the worldwide SARS viral isolates into groups on the basis of contact source history and geography. These signatures can be used to trace sources of infection. In addition, a common variant associated with a non-conservative aminoacid change in the S1 region of the spike protein, suggests that immunological pressures might be starting to influence the evolution of the SARS virus in human populations.</p>
<p>Published online May 9, 2003 http://image.thelancet.com/extras/03art4454web.pdf</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Who" uniqKey="Who">WHO</name>
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</biblStruct>
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</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ksiazek, Tg" uniqKey="Ksiazek T">TG Ksiazek</name>
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</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Peiris, Jsm" uniqKey="Peiris J">JSM Peiris</name>
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</analytic>
</biblStruct>
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</analytic>
</biblStruct>
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</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Phillips, Jj" uniqKey="Phillips J">JJ Phillips</name>
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</author>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weiss, Sr" uniqKey="Weiss S">SR Weiss</name>
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</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bergmann, Cc" uniqKey="Bergmann C">CC Bergmann</name>
</author>
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<author><name sortKey="Stohlman, Sa" uniqKey="Stohlman S">SA Stohlman</name>
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</analytic>
</biblStruct>
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</author>
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</author>
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</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jackwood, Mw" uniqKey="Jackwood M">MW Jackwood</name>
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</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ndifuna, A" uniqKey="Ndifuna A">A Ndifuna</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Waters, Ak" uniqKey="Waters A">AK Waters</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, M" uniqKey="Zhou M">M Zhou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Collison, Ew" uniqKey="Collison E">EW Collison</name>
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</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Callenbaut, P" uniqKey="Callenbaut P">P Callenbaut</name>
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</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Homberger, Fr" uniqKey="Homberger F">FR Homberger</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Who" uniqKey="Who">WHO</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Us Cdc" uniqKey="Us Cdc">US CDC</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Who" uniqKey="Who">WHO</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thompson, Jd" uniqKey="Thompson J">JD Thompson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Higgins, Dg" uniqKey="Higgins D">DG Higgins</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gibson, Tj" uniqKey="Gibson T">TJ Gibson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gish, W" uniqKey="Gish W">W Gish</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Swofford, Dl" uniqKey="Swofford D">DL Swofford</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rowe, Cl" uniqKey="Rowe C">CL Rowe</name>
</author>
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</author>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sgro, Jy" uniqKey="Sgro J">JY Sgro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Palmenberg, Ac" uniqKey="Palmenberg A">AC Palmenberg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baker, Sc" uniqKey="Baker S">SC Baker</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, Cw" uniqKey="Lee C">CW Lee</name>
</author>
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</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bush, Rm" uniqKey="Bush R">RM Bush</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, Cb" uniqKey="Smith C">CB Smith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cox, Nj" uniqKey="Cox N">NJ Cox</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fitch, Wm" uniqKey="Fitch W">WM Fitch</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
</pmc>
<pubmed><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Comparative full-length genome sequence analysis of 14 SARS coronavirus isolates and common mutations associated with putative origins of infection.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Ruan, Yi Jun" sort="Ruan, Yi Jun" uniqKey="Ruan Y" first="Yi Jun" last="Ruan">Yi Jun Ruan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wei, Chia Lin" sort="Wei, Chia Lin" uniqKey="Wei C" first="Chia Lin" last="Wei">Chia Lin Wei</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ee, Ai Ling" sort="Ee, Ai Ling" uniqKey="Ee A" first="Ai Ling" last="Ee">Ai Ling Ee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vega, Vinsensius B" sort="Vega, Vinsensius B" uniqKey="Vega V" first="Vinsensius B" last="Vega">Vinsensius B. Vega</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thoreau, Herve" sort="Thoreau, Herve" uniqKey="Thoreau H" first="Herve" last="Thoreau">Herve Thoreau</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Su, Se Thoe Yun" sort="Su, Se Thoe Yun" uniqKey="Su S" first="Se Thoe Yun" last="Su">Se Thoe Yun Su</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chia, Jer Ming" sort="Chia, Jer Ming" uniqKey="Chia J" first="Jer-Ming" last="Chia">Jer-Ming Chia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ng, Patrick" sort="Ng, Patrick" uniqKey="Ng P" first="Patrick" last="Ng">Patrick Ng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chiu, Kuo Ping" sort="Chiu, Kuo Ping" uniqKey="Chiu K" first="Kuo Ping" last="Chiu">Kuo Ping Chiu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lim, Landri" sort="Lim, Landri" uniqKey="Lim L" first="Landri" last="Lim">Landri Lim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Tao" sort="Zhang, Tao" uniqKey="Zhang T" first="Tao" last="Zhang">Tao Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peng, Chan Kwai" sort="Peng, Chan Kwai" uniqKey="Peng C" first="Chan Kwai" last="Peng">Chan Kwai Peng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, Ean Oon Lynette" sort="Lin, Ean Oon Lynette" uniqKey="Lin E" first="Ean Oon Lynette" last="Lin">Ean Oon Lynette Lin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Ng Mah" sort="Lee, Ng Mah" uniqKey="Lee N" first="Ng Mah" last="Lee">Ng Mah Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yee, Sin Leo" sort="Yee, Sin Leo" uniqKey="Yee S" first="Sin Leo" last="Yee">Sin Leo Yee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ng, Lisa F P" sort="Ng, Lisa F P" uniqKey="Ng L" first="Lisa F P" last="Ng">Lisa F P. Ng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chee, Ren Ee" sort="Chee, Ren Ee" uniqKey="Chee R" first="Ren Ee" last="Chee">Ren Ee Chee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stanton, Lawrence W" sort="Stanton, Lawrence W" uniqKey="Stanton L" first="Lawrence W" last="Stanton">Lawrence W. Stanton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Long, Philip M" sort="Long, Philip M" uniqKey="Long P" first="Philip M" last="Long">Philip M. Long</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Edison T" sort="Liu, Edison T" uniqKey="Liu E" first="Edison T" last="Liu">Edison T. Liu</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<date when="2003">2003</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:12781537</idno>
<idno type="pmid">12781537</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13414-9</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">003359</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">003359</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">003359</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">003359</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">003294</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">003294</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Comparative full-length genome sequence analysis of 14 SARS coronavirus isolates and common mutations associated with putative origins of infection.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Ruan, Yi Jun" sort="Ruan, Yi Jun" uniqKey="Ruan Y" first="Yi Jun" last="Ruan">Yi Jun Ruan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genome Institute of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wei, Chia Lin" sort="Wei, Chia Lin" uniqKey="Wei C" first="Chia Lin" last="Wei">Chia Lin Wei</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ee, Ai Ling" sort="Ee, Ai Ling" uniqKey="Ee A" first="Ai Ling" last="Ee">Ai Ling Ee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vega, Vinsensius B" sort="Vega, Vinsensius B" uniqKey="Vega V" first="Vinsensius B" last="Vega">Vinsensius B. Vega</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thoreau, Herve" sort="Thoreau, Herve" uniqKey="Thoreau H" first="Herve" last="Thoreau">Herve Thoreau</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Su, Se Thoe Yun" sort="Su, Se Thoe Yun" uniqKey="Su S" first="Se Thoe Yun" last="Su">Se Thoe Yun Su</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chia, Jer Ming" sort="Chia, Jer Ming" uniqKey="Chia J" first="Jer-Ming" last="Chia">Jer-Ming Chia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ng, Patrick" sort="Ng, Patrick" uniqKey="Ng P" first="Patrick" last="Ng">Patrick Ng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chiu, Kuo Ping" sort="Chiu, Kuo Ping" uniqKey="Chiu K" first="Kuo Ping" last="Chiu">Kuo Ping Chiu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lim, Landri" sort="Lim, Landri" uniqKey="Lim L" first="Landri" last="Lim">Landri Lim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Tao" sort="Zhang, Tao" uniqKey="Zhang T" first="Tao" last="Zhang">Tao Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peng, Chan Kwai" sort="Peng, Chan Kwai" uniqKey="Peng C" first="Chan Kwai" last="Peng">Chan Kwai Peng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, Ean Oon Lynette" sort="Lin, Ean Oon Lynette" uniqKey="Lin E" first="Ean Oon Lynette" last="Lin">Ean Oon Lynette Lin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Ng Mah" sort="Lee, Ng Mah" uniqKey="Lee N" first="Ng Mah" last="Lee">Ng Mah Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yee, Sin Leo" sort="Yee, Sin Leo" uniqKey="Yee S" first="Sin Leo" last="Yee">Sin Leo Yee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ng, Lisa F P" sort="Ng, Lisa F P" uniqKey="Ng L" first="Lisa F P" last="Ng">Lisa F P. Ng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chee, Ren Ee" sort="Chee, Ren Ee" uniqKey="Chee R" first="Ren Ee" last="Chee">Ren Ee Chee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stanton, Lawrence W" sort="Stanton, Lawrence W" uniqKey="Stanton L" first="Lawrence W" last="Stanton">Lawrence W. Stanton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Long, Philip M" sort="Long, Philip M" uniqKey="Long P" first="Philip M" last="Long">Philip M. Long</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Edison T" sort="Liu, Edison T" uniqKey="Liu E" first="Edison T" last="Liu">Edison T. Liu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Lancet (London, England)</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0140-6736</idno>
<imprint><date when="2003" type="published">2003</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Amino Acid Sequence</term>
<term>Base Sequence</term>
<term>Genome, Viral</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Molecular Sequence Data</term>
<term>Mutation</term>
<term>Open Reading Frames</term>
<term>Phylogeny</term>
<term>Polymorphism, Genetic</term>
<term>SARS Virus (classification)</term>
<term>SARS Virus (genetics)</term>
<term>SARS Virus (isolation & purification)</term>
<term>Singapore</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cadres ouverts de lecture</term>
<term>Données de séquences moléculaires</term>
<term>Génome viral</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Mutation</term>
<term>Phylogénie</term>
<term>Polymorphisme génétique</term>
<term>Singapour</term>
<term>Séquence d'acides aminés</term>
<term>Séquence nucléotidique</term>
<term>Virus du SRAS ()</term>
<term>Virus du SRAS (génétique)</term>
<term>Virus du SRAS (isolement et purification)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Singapore</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>SARS Virus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>SARS Virus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Virus du SRAS</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>SARS Virus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Virus du SRAS</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Amino Acid Sequence</term>
<term>Base Sequence</term>
<term>Genome, Viral</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Molecular Sequence Data</term>
<term>Mutation</term>
<term>Open Reading Frames</term>
<term>Phylogeny</term>
<term>Polymorphism, Genetic</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cadres ouverts de lecture</term>
<term>Données de séquences moléculaires</term>
<term>Génome viral</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Mutation</term>
<term>Phylogénie</term>
<term>Polymorphisme génétique</term>
<term>Singapour</term>
<term>Séquence d'acides aminés</term>
<term>Séquence nucléotidique</term>
<term>Virus du SRAS</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been identified as a new coronavirus. Whole genome sequence analysis of various isolates might provide an indication of potential strain differences of this new virus. Moreover, mutation analysis will help to develop effective vaccines.</div>
</front>
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