Cross-reactive antibodies in convalescent SARS patients' sera against the emerging novel human coronavirus EMC (2012) by both immunofluorescent and neutralizing antibody tests
Identifieur interne : 002654 ( Ncbi/Curation ); précédent : 002653; suivant : 002655Cross-reactive antibodies in convalescent SARS patients' sera against the emerging novel human coronavirus EMC (2012) by both immunofluorescent and neutralizing antibody tests
Auteurs : Kwok-Hung Chan ; Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan ; Herman Tse ; Honglin Chen ; Candy Choi-Yi Lau ; Jian-Piao Cai ; Alan Ka-Lun Tsang ; Xincai Xiao [République populaire de Chine] ; Kelvin Kai-Wang To ; Susanna Kar-Pui Lau ; Patrick Chiu-Yat Woo ; Bo-Jiang Zheng ; Ming Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Kwok-Yung YuenSource :
- The Journal of Infection [ 0163-4453 ] ; 2013.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Animaux, Anticorps antiviraux (sang), Anticorps neutralisants (sang), Chine, Coronaviridae (immunologie), Femelle, Humains, Jeune adulte, Mâle, Réactions croisées, Sujet âgé, Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (immunologie), Technique d'immunofluorescence indirecte (), Tests de neutralisation (), Études séroépidémiologiques.
- MESH :
- immunologie : Coronaviridae, Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère.
- sang : Anticorps antiviraux, Anticorps neutralisants.
- Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Animaux, Chine, Femelle, Humains, Jeune adulte, Mâle, Réactions croisées, Sujet âgé, Technique d'immunofluorescence indirecte, Tests de neutralisation, Études séroépidémiologiques.
- Wicri :
- geographic : République populaire de Chine.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult, Aged, Animals, Antibodies, Neutralizing (blood), Antibodies, Viral (blood), China, Coronaviridae (immunology), Cross Reactions, Female, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect (methods), Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neutralization Tests (methods), Seroepidemiologic Studies, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (immunology), Young Adult.
- MESH :
- chemical , blood : Antibodies, Neutralizing, Antibodies, Viral.
- geographic : China.
- immunology : Coronaviridae, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
- methods : Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect, Neutralization Tests.
- Adult, Aged, Animals, Cross Reactions, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Young Adult.
Abstract
A severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like disease due to a novel betacoronavirus, human coronavirus EMC (HCoV-EMC), has emerged recently. HCoV-EMC is phylogenetically closely related to
Anti-HCoV-EMC and anti-SARS-CoV antibodies were detected using screening indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and confirmatory neutralizing antibody tests.
Two (2.1%) animal handlers had IF antibody titer of ≥1:20 against both HCoV-EMC and SARS-CoV with neutralizing antibody titer of <1:10. No blood donor had antibody against either virus. Surprisingly, 17/28 (60.7%) of SARS patients had significant IF antibody titers with 7/28 (25%) having anti-HCoV-EMC neutralizing antibodies at low titers which significantly correlated with that of HCoV-OC43. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated a significant B-cell epitope overlapping the heptad repeat-2 region of Spike protein. Virulence of SARS-CoV over other betacoronaviruses may boost cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against other betacoronaviruses.
Convalescent SARS sera may contain cross-reactive antibodies against other betacoronaviruses and confound seroprevalence study for HCoV-EMC.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.03.015
PubMed: 23583636
PubMed Central: 7112694
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Kwok-Hung Chan<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation>Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Cross-reactive antibodies in convalescent SARS patients' sera against the emerging novel human coronavirus EMC (2012) by both immunofluorescent and neutralizing antibody tests</title><author><name sortKey="Chan, Kwok Hung" sort="Chan, Kwok Hung" uniqKey="Chan K" first="Kwok-Hung" last="Chan">Kwok-Hung Chan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Jasper Fuk Woo" sort="Chan, Jasper Fuk Woo" uniqKey="Chan J" first="Jasper Fuk-Woo" last="Chan">Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tse, Herman" sort="Tse, Herman" uniqKey="Tse H" first="Herman" last="Tse">Herman Tse</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Honglin" sort="Chen, Honglin" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Honglin" last="Chen">Honglin Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lau, Candy Choi Yi" sort="Lau, Candy Choi Yi" uniqKey="Lau C" first="Candy Choi-Yi" last="Lau">Candy Choi-Yi Lau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cai, Jian Piao" sort="Cai, Jian Piao" uniqKey="Cai J" first="Jian-Piao" last="Cai">Jian-Piao Cai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsang, Alan Ka Lun" sort="Tsang, Alan Ka Lun" uniqKey="Tsang A" first="Alan Ka-Lun" last="Tsang">Alan Ka-Lun Tsang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xiao, Xincai" sort="Xiao, Xincai" uniqKey="Xiao X" first="Xincai" last="Xiao">Xincai Xiao</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Jiangmen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="To, Kelvin Kai Wang" sort="To, Kelvin Kai Wang" uniqKey="To K" first="Kelvin Kai-Wang" last="To">Kelvin Kai-Wang To</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lau, Susanna Kar Pui" sort="Lau, Susanna Kar Pui" uniqKey="Lau S" first="Susanna Kar-Pui" last="Lau">Susanna Kar-Pui Lau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Woo, Patrick Chiu Yat" sort="Woo, Patrick Chiu Yat" uniqKey="Woo P" first="Patrick Chiu-Yat" last="Woo">Patrick Chiu-Yat Woo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, Bo Jiang" sort="Zheng, Bo Jiang" uniqKey="Zheng B" first="Bo-Jiang" last="Zheng">Bo-Jiang Zheng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Ming" sort="Wang, Ming" uniqKey="Wang M" first="Ming" last="Wang">Ming Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Jiangmen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, Kwok Yung" sort="Yuen, Kwok Yung" uniqKey="Yuen K" first="Kwok-Yung" last="Yuen">Kwok-Yung Yuen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">23583636</idno><idno type="pmc">7112694</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7112694</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7112694</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.jinf.2013.03.015</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001181</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001181</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001181</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001181</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000999</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000999</idno><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><idno type="RBID">pubmed:23583636</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">001218</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001218</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">001218</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">001218</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">001205</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">001205</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002654</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">002654</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Cross-reactive antibodies in convalescent SARS patients' sera against the emerging novel human coronavirus EMC (2012) by both immunofluorescent and neutralizing antibody tests</title><author><name sortKey="Chan, Kwok Hung" sort="Chan, Kwok Hung" uniqKey="Chan K" first="Kwok-Hung" last="Chan">Kwok-Hung Chan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Jasper Fuk Woo" sort="Chan, Jasper Fuk Woo" uniqKey="Chan J" first="Jasper Fuk-Woo" last="Chan">Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tse, Herman" sort="Tse, Herman" uniqKey="Tse H" first="Herman" last="Tse">Herman Tse</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Honglin" sort="Chen, Honglin" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Honglin" last="Chen">Honglin Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lau, Candy Choi Yi" sort="Lau, Candy Choi Yi" uniqKey="Lau C" first="Candy Choi-Yi" last="Lau">Candy Choi-Yi Lau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cai, Jian Piao" sort="Cai, Jian Piao" uniqKey="Cai J" first="Jian-Piao" last="Cai">Jian-Piao Cai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsang, Alan Ka Lun" sort="Tsang, Alan Ka Lun" uniqKey="Tsang A" first="Alan Ka-Lun" last="Tsang">Alan Ka-Lun Tsang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xiao, Xincai" sort="Xiao, Xincai" uniqKey="Xiao X" first="Xincai" last="Xiao">Xincai Xiao</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Jiangmen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="To, Kelvin Kai Wang" sort="To, Kelvin Kai Wang" uniqKey="To K" first="Kelvin Kai-Wang" last="To">Kelvin Kai-Wang To</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lau, Susanna Kar Pui" sort="Lau, Susanna Kar Pui" uniqKey="Lau S" first="Susanna Kar-Pui" last="Lau">Susanna Kar-Pui Lau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Woo, Patrick Chiu Yat" sort="Woo, Patrick Chiu Yat" uniqKey="Woo P" first="Patrick Chiu-Yat" last="Woo">Patrick Chiu-Yat Woo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, Bo Jiang" sort="Zheng, Bo Jiang" uniqKey="Zheng B" first="Bo-Jiang" last="Zheng">Bo-Jiang Zheng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Ming" sort="Wang, Ming" uniqKey="Wang M" first="Ming" last="Wang">Ming Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Jiangmen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, Kwok Yung" sort="Yuen, Kwok Yung" uniqKey="Yuen K" first="Kwok-Yung" last="Yuen">Kwok-Yung Yuen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Journal of Infection</title><idno type="ISSN">0163-4453</idno><idno type="eISSN">1532-2742</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Animals</term><term>Antibodies, Neutralizing (blood)</term><term>Antibodies, Viral (blood)</term><term>China</term><term>Coronaviridae (immunology)</term><term>Cross Reactions</term><term>Female</term><term>Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect (methods)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Neutralization Tests (methods)</term><term>Seroepidemiologic Studies</term><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (immunology)</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Animaux</term><term>Anticorps antiviraux (sang)</term><term>Anticorps neutralisants (sang)</term><term>Chine</term><term>Coronaviridae (immunologie)</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Jeune adulte</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Réactions croisées</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (immunologie)</term><term>Technique d'immunofluorescence indirecte ()</term><term>Tests de neutralisation ()</term><term>Études séroépidémiologiques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Antibodies, Neutralizing</term><term>Antibodies, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>China</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coronaviridae</term><term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronaviridae</term><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect</term><term>Neutralization Tests</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="sang" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anticorps antiviraux</term><term>Anticorps neutralisants</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Animals</term><term>Cross Reactions</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Seroepidemiologic Studies</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Animaux</term><term>Chine</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Jeune adulte</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Réactions croisées</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Technique d'immunofluorescence indirecte</term><term>Tests de neutralisation</term><term>Études séroépidémiologiques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>République populaire de Chine</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Summary</title><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>A severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like disease due to a novel betacoronavirus, human coronavirus EMC (HCoV-EMC), has emerged recently. HCoV-EMC is phylogenetically closely related to <italic>Tylonycteris</italic>-bat-coronavirus-HKU4 and <italic>Pipistrellus</italic>-bat-coronavirus-HKU5 in Hong Kong. We conducted a seroprevalence study on archived sera from 94 game-food animal handlers at a wild life market, 28 SARS patients, and 152 healthy blood donors in Southern China to assess the zoonotic potential and evidence for intrusion of HCoV-EMC and related viruses into humans.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Anti-HCoV-EMC and anti-SARS-CoV antibodies were detected using screening indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and confirmatory neutralizing antibody tests.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Two (2.1%) animal handlers had IF antibody titer of ≥1:20 against both HCoV-EMC and SARS-CoV with neutralizing antibody titer of <1:10. No blood donor had antibody against either virus. Surprisingly, 17/28 (60.7%) of SARS patients had significant IF antibody titers with 7/28 (25%) having anti-HCoV-EMC neutralizing antibodies at low titers which significantly correlated with that of HCoV-OC43. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated a significant B-cell epitope overlapping the heptad repeat-2 region of Spike protein. Virulence of SARS-CoV over other betacoronaviruses may boost cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against other betacoronaviruses.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Convalescent SARS sera may contain cross-reactive antibodies against other betacoronaviruses and confound seroprevalence study for HCoV-EMC.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chan, J F" uniqKey="Chan J">J.F. Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, K S" uniqKey="Li K">K.S. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="To, K K" uniqKey="To K">K.K. To</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, V C" uniqKey="Cheng V">V.C. Cheng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, H" uniqKey="Chen H">H. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, K Y" uniqKey="Yuen K">K.Y. Yuen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="World Health Organization" uniqKey="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pollack, M P" uniqKey="Pollack M">M.P. Pollack</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pringle, C" uniqKey="Pringle C">C. Pringle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Madoff, L C" uniqKey="Madoff L">L.C. Madoff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Z A" uniqKey="Memish Z">Z.A. Memish</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zaki, A M" uniqKey="Zaki A">A.M. Zaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Boheemen, S" uniqKey="Van Boheemen S">S. van Boheemen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bestebroer, T M" uniqKey="Bestebroer T">T.M. Bestebroer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, A D" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">A.D. Osterhaus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fouchier, R A" uniqKey="Fouchier R">R.A. Fouchier</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Woo, P C" uniqKey="Woo P">P.C. Woo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lau, S K" uniqKey="Lau S">S.K. Lau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, K S" uniqKey="Li K">K.S. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsang, A K" uniqKey="Tsang A">A.K. Tsang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, K Y" uniqKey="Yuen K">K.Y. 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