Broadening of Neutralization Activity to Directly Block a Dominant Antibody-Driven SARS-Coronavirus Evolution Pathway
Identifieur interne : 001D86 ( Ncbi/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001D85; suivant : 001D87Broadening of Neutralization Activity to Directly Block a Dominant Antibody-Driven SARS-Coronavirus Evolution Pathway
Auteurs : Jianhua Sui [États-Unis] ; Daniel R. Aird [États-Unis] ; Azaibi Tamin [États-Unis] ; Akikazu Murakami [États-Unis] ; Meiying Yan [République populaire de Chine] ; Anuradha Yammanuru [États-Unis] ; Huaiqi Jing [République populaire de Chine] ; Biao Kan [République populaire de Chine] ; Xin Liu [États-Unis] ; Quan Zhu [États-Unis] ; Qing-An Yuan [États-Unis] ; Gregory P. Adams [États-Unis] ; William J. Bellini [États-Unis] ; Jianguo Xu [République populaire de Chine] ; Larry J. Anderson [États-Unis] ; Wayne A. Marasco [États-Unis]Source :
- PLoS Pathogens [ 1553-7366 ] ; 2008.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- génétique : Anticorps antiviraux, Cytidine deaminase, Régions déterminant la complémentarité, Virus du SRAS.
- immunologie : Sérums immuns, Virus du SRAS.
- Animaux, Humains, Sélection génétique, Épitopes, Évolution biologique.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , genetics : Antibodies, Viral, Complementarity Determining Regions, Cytidine Deaminase.
- chemical , immunology : Immune Sera.
- genetics : SARS Virus.
- immunology : SARS Virus.
- Animals, Biological Evolution, Epitopes, Humans, Selection, Genetic.
Abstract
Phylogenetic analyses have provided strong evidence that amino acid changes in spike (S) protein of animal and human SARS coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs) during and between two zoonotic transfers (2002/03 and 2003/04) are the result of positive selection. While several studies support that some amino acid changes between animal and human viruses are the result of inter-species adaptation, the role of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in driving SARS-CoV evolution, particularly during intra-species transmission, is unknown. A detailed examination of SARS-CoV infected animal and human convalescent sera could provide evidence of nAb pressure which, if found, may lead to strategies to effectively block virus evolution pathways by broadening the activity of nAbs. Here we show, by focusing on a dominant neutralization epitope, that contemporaneous- and cross-strain nAb responses against SARS-CoV spike protein exist during natural infection.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000197
PubMed: 18989460
PubMed Central: 2572002
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 001397
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 001397
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 000E44
- to stream PubMed, to step Corpus: 001A32
- to stream PubMed, to step Curation: 001A32
- to stream PubMed, to step Checkpoint: 001B82
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 001D86
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 001D86
Links to Exploration step
PMC:2572002Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Broadening of Neutralization Activity to Directly Block a Dominant Antibody-Driven SARS-Coronavirus Evolution Pathway</title>
<author><name sortKey="Sui, Jianhua" sort="Sui, Jianhua" uniqKey="Sui J" first="Jianhua" last="Sui">Jianhua Sui</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aird, Daniel R" sort="Aird, Daniel R" uniqKey="Aird D" first="Daniel R." last="Aird">Daniel R. Aird</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tamin, Azaibi" sort="Tamin, Azaibi" uniqKey="Tamin A" first="Azaibi" last="Tamin">Azaibi Tamin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Murakami, Akikazu" sort="Murakami, Akikazu" uniqKey="Murakami A" first="Akikazu" last="Murakami">Akikazu Murakami</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yan, Meiying" sort="Yan, Meiying" uniqKey="Yan M" first="Meiying" last="Yan">Meiying Yan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yammanuru, Anuradha" sort="Yammanuru, Anuradha" uniqKey="Yammanuru A" first="Anuradha" last="Yammanuru">Anuradha Yammanuru</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jing, Huaiqi" sort="Jing, Huaiqi" uniqKey="Jing H" first="Huaiqi" last="Jing">Huaiqi Jing</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kan, Biao" sort="Kan, Biao" uniqKey="Kan B" first="Biao" last="Kan">Biao Kan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Xin" sort="Liu, Xin" uniqKey="Liu X" first="Xin" last="Liu">Xin Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhu, Quan" sort="Zhu, Quan" uniqKey="Zhu Q" first="Quan" last="Zhu">Quan Zhu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuan, Qing An" sort="Yuan, Qing An" uniqKey="Yuan Q" first="Qing-An" last="Yuan">Qing-An Yuan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adams, Gregory P" sort="Adams, Gregory P" uniqKey="Adams G" first="Gregory P." last="Adams">Gregory P. Adams</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bellini, William J" sort="Bellini, William J" uniqKey="Bellini W" first="William J." last="Bellini">William J. Bellini</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu, Jianguo" sort="Xu, Jianguo" uniqKey="Xu J" first="Jianguo" last="Xu">Jianguo Xu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anderson, Larry J" sort="Anderson, Larry J" uniqKey="Anderson L" first="Larry J." last="Anderson">Larry J. Anderson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marasco, Wayne A" sort="Marasco, Wayne A" uniqKey="Marasco W" first="Wayne A." last="Marasco">Wayne A. Marasco</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">18989460</idno>
<idno type="pmc">2572002</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2572002</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:2572002</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.ppat.1000197</idno>
<date when="2008">2008</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001397</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001397</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001397</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001397</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000E44</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000E44</idno>
<idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:18989460</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">001A32</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001A32</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">001A32</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">001A32</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">001B82</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">001B82</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">001D86</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">001D86</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">001D86</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Broadening of Neutralization Activity to Directly Block a Dominant Antibody-Driven SARS-Coronavirus Evolution Pathway</title>
<author><name sortKey="Sui, Jianhua" sort="Sui, Jianhua" uniqKey="Sui J" first="Jianhua" last="Sui">Jianhua Sui</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aird, Daniel R" sort="Aird, Daniel R" uniqKey="Aird D" first="Daniel R." last="Aird">Daniel R. Aird</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tamin, Azaibi" sort="Tamin, Azaibi" uniqKey="Tamin A" first="Azaibi" last="Tamin">Azaibi Tamin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Murakami, Akikazu" sort="Murakami, Akikazu" uniqKey="Murakami A" first="Akikazu" last="Murakami">Akikazu Murakami</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yan, Meiying" sort="Yan, Meiying" uniqKey="Yan M" first="Meiying" last="Yan">Meiying Yan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yammanuru, Anuradha" sort="Yammanuru, Anuradha" uniqKey="Yammanuru A" first="Anuradha" last="Yammanuru">Anuradha Yammanuru</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jing, Huaiqi" sort="Jing, Huaiqi" uniqKey="Jing H" first="Huaiqi" last="Jing">Huaiqi Jing</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kan, Biao" sort="Kan, Biao" uniqKey="Kan B" first="Biao" last="Kan">Biao Kan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Xin" sort="Liu, Xin" uniqKey="Liu X" first="Xin" last="Liu">Xin Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhu, Quan" sort="Zhu, Quan" uniqKey="Zhu Q" first="Quan" last="Zhu">Quan Zhu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuan, Qing An" sort="Yuan, Qing An" uniqKey="Yuan Q" first="Qing-An" last="Yuan">Qing-An Yuan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adams, Gregory P" sort="Adams, Gregory P" uniqKey="Adams G" first="Gregory P." last="Adams">Gregory P. Adams</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bellini, William J" sort="Bellini, William J" uniqKey="Bellini W" first="William J." last="Bellini">William J. Bellini</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu, Jianguo" sort="Xu, Jianguo" uniqKey="Xu J" first="Jianguo" last="Xu">Jianguo Xu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anderson, Larry J" sort="Anderson, Larry J" uniqKey="Anderson L" first="Larry J." last="Anderson">Larry J. Anderson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marasco, Wayne A" sort="Marasco, Wayne A" uniqKey="Marasco W" first="Wayne A." last="Marasco">Wayne A. Marasco</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">PLoS Pathogens</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1553-7366</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1553-7374</idno>
<imprint><date when="2008">2008</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Antibodies, Viral (genetics)</term>
<term>Biological Evolution</term>
<term>Complementarity Determining Regions (genetics)</term>
<term>Cytidine Deaminase (genetics)</term>
<term>Epitopes</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Immune Sera (immunology)</term>
<term>SARS Virus (genetics)</term>
<term>SARS Virus (immunology)</term>
<term>Selection, Genetic</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term>
<term>Anticorps antiviraux (génétique)</term>
<term>Cytidine deaminase (génétique)</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Régions déterminant la complémentarité (génétique)</term>
<term>Sélection génétique</term>
<term>Sérums immuns (immunologie)</term>
<term>Virus du SRAS (génétique)</term>
<term>Virus du SRAS (immunologie)</term>
<term>Épitopes</term>
<term>Évolution biologique</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Antibodies, Viral</term>
<term>Complementarity Determining Regions</term>
<term>Cytidine Deaminase</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Immune Sera</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>SARS Virus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anticorps antiviraux</term>
<term>Cytidine deaminase</term>
<term>Régions déterminant la complémentarité</term>
<term>Virus du SRAS</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Sérums immuns</term>
<term>Virus du SRAS</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>SARS Virus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Biological Evolution</term>
<term>Epitopes</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Selection, Genetic</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Sélection génétique</term>
<term>Épitopes</term>
<term>Évolution biologique</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Phylogenetic analyses have provided strong evidence that amino acid changes in spike (S) protein of animal and human SARS coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs) during and between two zoonotic transfers (2002/03 and 2003/04) are the result of positive selection. While several studies support that some amino acid changes between animal and human viruses are the result of inter-species adaptation, the role of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in driving SARS-CoV evolution, particularly during intra-species transmission, is unknown. A detailed examination of SARS-CoV infected animal and human convalescent sera could provide evidence of nAb pressure which, if found, may lead to strategies to effectively block virus evolution pathways by broadening the activity of nAbs. Here we show, by focusing on a dominant neutralization epitope, that contemporaneous- and cross-strain nAb responses against SARS-CoV spike protein exist during natural infection. <italic>In vitro</italic>
immune pressure on this epitope using 2002/03 strain-specific nAb 80R recapitulated a dominant escape mutation that was present in all 2003/04 animal and human viruses. Strategies to block this nAb escape/naturally occurring evolution pathway by generating broad nAbs (BnAbs) with activity against 80R escape mutants and both 2002/03 and 2003/04 strains were explored. Structure-based amino acid changes in an activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) “hot spot” in a light chain CDR (complementarity determining region) alone, introduced through shuffling of naturally occurring non-immune human VL chain repertoire or by targeted mutagenesis, were successful in generating these BnAbs. These results demonstrate that nAb-mediated immune pressure is likely a driving force for positive selection during intra-species transmission of SARS-CoV. Somatic hypermutation (SHM) of a single VL CDR can markedly broaden the activity of a strain-specific nAb. The strategies investigated in this study, in particular the use of structural information in combination of chain-shuffling as well as hot-spot CDR mutagenesis, can be exploited to broaden neutralization activity, to improve anti-viral nAb therapies, and directly manipulate virus evolution.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ksiazek, Tg" uniqKey="Ksiazek T">TG Ksiazek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Erdman, D" uniqKey="Erdman D">D Erdman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goldsmith, Cs" uniqKey="Goldsmith C">CS Goldsmith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zaki, Sr" uniqKey="Zaki S">SR Zaki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peret, T" uniqKey="Peret T">T Peret</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marra, Ma" uniqKey="Marra M">MA Marra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jones, Sj" uniqKey="Jones S">SJ Jones</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Astell, Cr" uniqKey="Astell C">CR Astell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holt, Ra" uniqKey="Holt R">RA Holt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brooks Wilson, A" uniqKey="Brooks Wilson A">A Brooks-Wilson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rota, Pa" uniqKey="Rota P">PA Rota</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oberste, Ms" uniqKey="Oberste M">MS Oberste</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Monroe, Ss" uniqKey="Monroe S">SS Monroe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nix, Wa" uniqKey="Nix W">WA Nix</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Campagnoli, R" uniqKey="Campagnoli R">R Campagnoli</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Drosten, C" uniqKey="Drosten C">C Drosten</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gunther, S" uniqKey="Gunther S">S Gunther</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Preiser, W" uniqKey="Preiser W">W Preiser</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Werf, S" uniqKey="Van Der Werf S">S van der Werf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brodt, H R" uniqKey="Brodt H">H-R Brodt</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liang, G" uniqKey="Liang G">G Liang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Q" uniqKey="Chen Q">Q Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu, J" uniqKey="Xu J">J Xu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Y" uniqKey="Liu Y">Y Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lim, W" uniqKey="Lim W">W Lim</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guan, Y" uniqKey="Guan Y">Y Guan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peiris, Js" uniqKey="Peiris J">JS Peiris</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zheng, B" uniqKey="Zheng B">B Zheng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Poon, Ll" uniqKey="Poon L">LL Poon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, Kh" uniqKey="Chan K">KH Chan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guan, Y" uniqKey="Guan Y">Y Guan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zheng, Bj" uniqKey="Zheng B">BJ Zheng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="He, Yq" uniqKey="He Y">YQ He</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Xl" uniqKey="Liu X">XL Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhuang, Zx" uniqKey="Zhuang Z">ZX Zhuang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Song, Hd" uniqKey="Song H">HD Song</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tu, Cc" uniqKey="Tu C">CC Tu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Gw" uniqKey="Zhang G">GW Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Sy" uniqKey="Wang S">SY Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zheng, K" uniqKey="Zheng K">K Zheng</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Poon, Ll" uniqKey="Poon L">LL Poon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chu, Dk" uniqKey="Chu D">DK Chu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, Kh" uniqKey="Chan K">KH Chan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wong, Ok" uniqKey="Wong O">OK Wong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ellis, Tm" uniqKey="Ellis T">TM Ellis</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lau, Sk" uniqKey="Lau S">SK Lau</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Woo, Pc" uniqKey="Woo P">PC Woo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Ks" uniqKey="Li K">KS Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, Y" uniqKey="Huang Y">Y Huang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tsoi, Hw" uniqKey="Tsoi H">HW Tsoi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, W" uniqKey="Li W">W Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shi, Z" uniqKey="Shi Z">Z Shi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yu, M" uniqKey="Yu M">M Yu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ren, W" uniqKey="Ren W">W Ren</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, C" uniqKey="Smith C">C Smith</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vijaykrishna, D" uniqKey="Vijaykrishna D">D Vijaykrishna</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, Gj" uniqKey="Smith G">GJ Smith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Jx" uniqKey="Zhang J">JX Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peiris, Js" uniqKey="Peiris J">JS Peiris</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, H" uniqKey="Chen H">H Chen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hon, Cc" uniqKey="Hon C">CC Hon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lam, Ty" uniqKey="Lam T">TY Lam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shi, Zl" uniqKey="Shi Z">ZL Shi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drummond, Aj" uniqKey="Drummond A">AJ Drummond</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yip, Cw" uniqKey="Yip C">CW Yip</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Traggiai, E" uniqKey="Traggiai E">E Traggiai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Becker, S" uniqKey="Becker S">S Becker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Subbarao, K" uniqKey="Subbarao K">K Subbarao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kolesnikova, L" uniqKey="Kolesnikova L">L Kolesnikova</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Uematsu, Y" uniqKey="Uematsu Y">Y Uematsu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ter Meulen, J" uniqKey="Ter Meulen J">J ter Meulen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bakker, Ab" uniqKey="Bakker A">AB Bakker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Den Brink, En" uniqKey="Van Den Brink E">EN van den Brink</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weverling, Gj" uniqKey="Weverling G">GJ Weverling</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martina, Be" uniqKey="Martina B">BE Martina</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sui, J" uniqKey="Sui J">J Sui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, W" uniqKey="Li W">W Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Murakami, A" uniqKey="Murakami A">A Murakami</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tamin, A" uniqKey="Tamin A">A Tamin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matthews, Lj" uniqKey="Matthews L">LJ Matthews</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Greenough, Tc" uniqKey="Greenough T">TC Greenough</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Babcock, Gj" uniqKey="Babcock G">GJ Babcock</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roberts, A" uniqKey="Roberts A">A Roberts</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hernandez, Hj" uniqKey="Hernandez H">HJ Hernandez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, Wd" uniqKey="Thomas W">WD Thomas</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Prabakaran, P" uniqKey="Prabakaran P">P Prabakaran</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gan, J" uniqKey="Gan J">J Gan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feng, Y" uniqKey="Feng Y">Y Feng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhu, Z" uniqKey="Zhu Z">Z Zhu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choudhry, V" uniqKey="Choudhry V">V Choudhry</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Z" uniqKey="Zhu Z">Z Zhu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chakraborti, S" uniqKey="Chakraborti S">S Chakraborti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="He, Y" uniqKey="He Y">Y He</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roberts, A" uniqKey="Roberts A">A Roberts</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sheahan, T" uniqKey="Sheahan T">T Sheahan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Butler, Ns" uniqKey="Butler N">NS Butler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dandekar, Aa" uniqKey="Dandekar A">AA Dandekar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perlman, S" uniqKey="Perlman S">S Perlman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dandekar, Aa" uniqKey="Dandekar A">AA Dandekar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jacobsen, G" uniqKey="Jacobsen G">G Jacobsen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Waldschmidt, Tj" uniqKey="Waldschmidt T">TJ Waldschmidt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perlman, S" uniqKey="Perlman S">S Perlman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sui, J" uniqKey="Sui J">J Sui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, W" uniqKey="Li W">W Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roberts, A" uniqKey="Roberts A">A Roberts</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matthews, Lj" uniqKey="Matthews L">LJ Matthews</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Murakami, A" uniqKey="Murakami A">A Murakami</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hwang, Wc" uniqKey="Hwang W">WC Hwang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, Y" uniqKey="Lin Y">Y Lin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santelli, E" uniqKey="Santelli E">E Santelli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sui, J" uniqKey="Sui J">J Sui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jaroszewski, L" uniqKey="Jaroszewski L">L Jaroszewski</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wong, Sk" uniqKey="Wong S">SK Wong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, W" uniqKey="Li W">W Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moore, Mj" uniqKey="Moore M">MJ Moore</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choe, H" uniqKey="Choe H">H Choe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farzan, M" uniqKey="Farzan M">M Farzan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, F" uniqKey="Li F">F Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, W" uniqKey="Li W">W Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farzan, M" uniqKey="Farzan M">M Farzan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harrison, Sc" uniqKey="Harrison S">SC Harrison</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chowdhury, Ps" uniqKey="Chowdhury P">PS Chowdhury</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pastan, I" uniqKey="Pastan I">I Pastan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Di Noia, Jm" uniqKey="Di Noia J">JM Di Noia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Neuberger, Ms" uniqKey="Neuberger M">MS Neuberger</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Z" uniqKey="Zhu Z">Z Zhu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chakraborti, S" uniqKey="Chakraborti S">S Chakraborti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="He, Y" uniqKey="He Y">Y He</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roberts, A" uniqKey="Roberts A">A Roberts</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sheahan, T" uniqKey="Sheahan T">T Sheahan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rockx, B" uniqKey="Rockx B">B Rockx</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Corti, D" uniqKey="Corti D">D Corti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Donaldson, E" uniqKey="Donaldson E">E Donaldson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sheahan, T" uniqKey="Sheahan T">T Sheahan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stadler, K" uniqKey="Stadler K">K Stadler</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ter Meulen, J" uniqKey="Ter Meulen J">J ter Meulen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Den Brink, En" uniqKey="Van Den Brink E">EN van den Brink</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Poon, Ll" uniqKey="Poon L">LL Poon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marissen, We" uniqKey="Marissen W">WE Marissen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leung, Cs" uniqKey="Leung C">CS Leung</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Cy" uniqKey="Zhang C">CY Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wei, Jf" uniqKey="Wei J">JF Wei</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="He, Sh" uniqKey="He S">SH He</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, W" uniqKey="Li W">W Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, C" uniqKey="Zhang C">C Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sui, J" uniqKey="Sui J">J Sui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kuhn, Jh" uniqKey="Kuhn J">JH Kuhn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moore, Mj" uniqKey="Moore M">MJ Moore</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ohlin, M" uniqKey="Ohlin M">M Ohlin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Owman, H" uniqKey="Owman H">H Owman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mach, M" uniqKey="Mach M">M Mach</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Borrebaeck, Ca" uniqKey="Borrebaeck C">CA Borrebaeck</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Senn, Bm" uniqKey="Senn B">BM Senn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lopez Macias, C" uniqKey="Lopez Macias C">C Lopez-Macias</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kalinke, U" uniqKey="Kalinke U">U Kalinke</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lamarre, A" uniqKey="Lamarre A">A Lamarre</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Isibasi, A" uniqKey="Isibasi A">A Isibasi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kothapalli, N" uniqKey="Kothapalli N">N Kothapalli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Norton, Dd" uniqKey="Norton D">DD Norton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fugmann, Sd" uniqKey="Fugmann S">SD Fugmann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kan, B" uniqKey="Kan B">B Kan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, M" uniqKey="Wang M">M Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jing, H" uniqKey="Jing H">H Jing</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu, H" uniqKey="Xu H">H Xu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jiang, X" uniqKey="Jiang X">X Jiang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, W" uniqKey="Li W">W Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moore, Mj" uniqKey="Moore M">MJ Moore</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vasilieva, N" uniqKey="Vasilieva N">N Vasilieva</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sui, J" uniqKey="Sui J">J Sui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wong, Sk" uniqKey="Wong S">SK Wong</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yang, Zy" uniqKey="Yang Z">ZY Yang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, Y" uniqKey="Huang Y">Y Huang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ganesh, L" uniqKey="Ganesh L">L Ganesh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leung, K" uniqKey="Leung K">K Leung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kong, Wp" uniqKey="Kong W">WP Kong</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Harrison, Jl" uniqKey="Harrison J">JL Harrison</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Williams, Sc" uniqKey="Williams S">SC Williams</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Winter, G" uniqKey="Winter G">G Winter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nissim, A" uniqKey="Nissim A">A Nissim</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reff, Meck" uniqKey="Reff M">MECK Reff</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chambers, Ks" uniqKey="Chambers K">KS Chambers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chinn, Pc" uniqKey="Chinn P">PC Chinn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leonard, Je" uniqKey="Leonard J">JE Leonard</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raab, R" uniqKey="Raab R">R Raab</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Newman, Ra" uniqKey="Newman R">RA Newman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hanna, N" uniqKey="Hanna N">N Hanna</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anderson, Dr" uniqKey="Anderson D">DR Anderson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Xu, C" uniqKey="Xu C">C Xu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sui, J" uniqKey="Sui J">J Sui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tao, H" uniqKey="Tao H">H Tao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhu, Q" uniqKey="Zhu Q">Q Zhu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marasco, Wa" uniqKey="Marasco W">WA Marasco</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>République populaire de Chine</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Géorgie (États-Unis)</li>
<li>Massachusetts</li>
<li>Pennsylvanie</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Pékin</li>
</settlement>
</list>
<tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Massachusetts"><name sortKey="Sui, Jianhua" sort="Sui, Jianhua" uniqKey="Sui J" first="Jianhua" last="Sui">Jianhua Sui</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Adams, Gregory P" sort="Adams, Gregory P" uniqKey="Adams G" first="Gregory P." last="Adams">Gregory P. Adams</name>
<name sortKey="Aird, Daniel R" sort="Aird, Daniel R" uniqKey="Aird D" first="Daniel R." last="Aird">Daniel R. Aird</name>
<name sortKey="Anderson, Larry J" sort="Anderson, Larry J" uniqKey="Anderson L" first="Larry J." last="Anderson">Larry J. Anderson</name>
<name sortKey="Bellini, William J" sort="Bellini, William J" uniqKey="Bellini W" first="William J." last="Bellini">William J. Bellini</name>
<name sortKey="Liu, Xin" sort="Liu, Xin" uniqKey="Liu X" first="Xin" last="Liu">Xin Liu</name>
<name sortKey="Marasco, Wayne A" sort="Marasco, Wayne A" uniqKey="Marasco W" first="Wayne A." last="Marasco">Wayne A. Marasco</name>
<name sortKey="Murakami, Akikazu" sort="Murakami, Akikazu" uniqKey="Murakami A" first="Akikazu" last="Murakami">Akikazu Murakami</name>
<name sortKey="Tamin, Azaibi" sort="Tamin, Azaibi" uniqKey="Tamin A" first="Azaibi" last="Tamin">Azaibi Tamin</name>
<name sortKey="Yammanuru, Anuradha" sort="Yammanuru, Anuradha" uniqKey="Yammanuru A" first="Anuradha" last="Yammanuru">Anuradha Yammanuru</name>
<name sortKey="Yuan, Qing An" sort="Yuan, Qing An" uniqKey="Yuan Q" first="Qing-An" last="Yuan">Qing-An Yuan</name>
<name sortKey="Zhu, Quan" sort="Zhu, Quan" uniqKey="Zhu Q" first="Quan" last="Zhu">Quan Zhu</name>
</country>
<country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Yan, Meiying" sort="Yan, Meiying" uniqKey="Yan M" first="Meiying" last="Yan">Meiying Yan</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Jing, Huaiqi" sort="Jing, Huaiqi" uniqKey="Jing H" first="Huaiqi" last="Jing">Huaiqi Jing</name>
<name sortKey="Kan, Biao" sort="Kan, Biao" uniqKey="Kan B" first="Biao" last="Kan">Biao Kan</name>
<name sortKey="Xu, Jianguo" sort="Xu, Jianguo" uniqKey="Xu J" first="Jianguo" last="Xu">Jianguo Xu</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/SrasV1/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001D86 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 001D86 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Sante |area= SrasV1 |flux= Ncbi |étape= Checkpoint |type= RBID |clé= PMC:2572002 |texte= Broadening of Neutralization Activity to Directly Block a Dominant Antibody-Driven SARS-Coronavirus Evolution Pathway }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:18989460" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a SrasV1
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. | ![]() |