Evidence that TMPRSS2 activates the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein for membrane fusion and reduces viral control by the humoral immune response.
Identifieur interne : 002143 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 002142; suivant : 002144Evidence that TMPRSS2 activates the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein for membrane fusion and reduces viral control by the humoral immune response.
Auteurs : Ilona Glowacka [Allemagne] ; Stephanie Bertram ; Marcel A. Müller ; Paul Allen ; Elizabeth Soilleux ; Susanne Pfefferle ; Imke Steffen ; Theodros Solomon Tsegaye ; Yuxian He ; Kerstin Gnirss ; Daniela Niemeyer ; Heike Schneider ; Christian Drosten ; Stefan PöhlmannSource :
- Journal of virology [ 1098-5514 ] ; 2011.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Animaux, Glycoprotéine de spicule des coronavirus, Glycoprotéines membranaires (immunologie), Glycoprotéines membranaires (métabolisme), Humains, Immunité humorale, Interactions hôte-pathogène, Lignée cellulaire, Protéines de l'enveloppe virale (immunologie), Protéines de l'enveloppe virale (métabolisme), Pénétration virale, Serine endopeptidases (métabolisme), Technique de Western, Virus du SRAS (immunologie), Virus du SRAS (pathogénicité).
- MESH :
- immunologie : Glycoprotéines membranaires, Protéines de l'enveloppe virale, Virus du SRAS.
- métabolisme : Glycoprotéines membranaires, Protéines de l'enveloppe virale, Serine endopeptidases.
- pathogénicité : Virus du SRAS.
- Animaux, Glycoprotéine de spicule des coronavirus, Humains, Immunité humorale, Interactions hôte-pathogène, Lignée cellulaire, Pénétration virale, Technique de Western.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals, Blotting, Western, Cell Line, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Humans, Immunity, Humoral, Membrane Glycoproteins (immunology), Membrane Glycoproteins (metabolism), SARS Virus (immunology), SARS Virus (pathogenicity), Serine Endopeptidases (metabolism), Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Viral Envelope Proteins (immunology), Viral Envelope Proteins (metabolism), Virus Internalization.
- MESH :
- chemical , immunology : Membrane Glycoproteins, Viral Envelope Proteins.
- chemical , metabolism : Membrane Glycoproteins, Serine Endopeptidases, Viral Envelope Proteins.
- immunology : SARS Virus.
- pathogenicity : SARS Virus.
- Animals, Blotting, Western, Cell Line, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Humans, Immunity, Humoral, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Virus Internalization.
Abstract
The spike (S) protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) can be proteolytically activated by cathepsins B and L upon viral uptake into target cell endosomes. In contrast, it is largely unknown whether host cell proteases located in the secretory pathway of infected cells and/or on the surface of target cells can cleave SARS S. We along with others could previously show that the type II transmembrane protease TMPRSS2 activates the influenza virus hemagglutinin and the human metapneumovirus F protein by cleavage. Here, we assessed whether SARS S is proteolytically processed by TMPRSS2. Western blot analysis revealed that SARS S was cleaved into several fragments upon coexpression of TMPRSS2 (cis-cleavage) and upon contact between SARS S-expressing cells and TMPRSS2-positive cells (trans-cleavage). cis-cleavage resulted in release of SARS S fragments into the cellular supernatant and in inhibition of antibody-mediated neutralization, most likely because SARS S fragments function as antibody decoys. trans-cleavage activated SARS S on effector cells for fusion with target cells and allowed efficient SARS S-driven viral entry into targets treated with a lysosomotropic agent or a cathepsin inhibitor. Finally, ACE2, the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV, and TMPRSS2 were found to be coexpressed by type II pneumocytes, which represent important viral target cells, suggesting that SARS S is cleaved by TMPRSS2 in the lung of SARS-CoV-infected individuals. In summary, we show that TMPRSS2 might promote viral spread and pathogenesis by diminishing viral recognition by neutralizing antibodies and by activating SARS S for cell-cell and virus-cell fusion.
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02232-10
PubMed: 21325420
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pubmed:21325420Le document en format XML
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<term>Glycoprotéines membranaires (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Immunité humorale</term>
<term>Interactions hôte-pathogène</term>
<term>Lignée cellulaire</term>
<term>Protéines de l'enveloppe virale (immunologie)</term>
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<term>Viral Envelope Proteins</term>
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<term>Serine Endopeptidases</term>
<term>Viral Envelope Proteins</term>
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<term>Protéines de l'enveloppe virale</term>
<term>Virus du SRAS</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The spike (S) protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) can be proteolytically activated by cathepsins B and L upon viral uptake into target cell endosomes. In contrast, it is largely unknown whether host cell proteases located in the secretory pathway of infected cells and/or on the surface of target cells can cleave SARS S. We along with others could previously show that the type II transmembrane protease TMPRSS2 activates the influenza virus hemagglutinin and the human metapneumovirus F protein by cleavage. Here, we assessed whether SARS S is proteolytically processed by TMPRSS2. Western blot analysis revealed that SARS S was cleaved into several fragments upon coexpression of TMPRSS2 (cis-cleavage) and upon contact between SARS S-expressing cells and TMPRSS2-positive cells (trans-cleavage). cis-cleavage resulted in release of SARS S fragments into the cellular supernatant and in inhibition of antibody-mediated neutralization, most likely because SARS S fragments function as antibody decoys. trans-cleavage activated SARS S on effector cells for fusion with target cells and allowed efficient SARS S-driven viral entry into targets treated with a lysosomotropic agent or a cathepsin inhibitor. Finally, ACE2, the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV, and TMPRSS2 were found to be coexpressed by type II pneumocytes, which represent important viral target cells, suggesting that SARS S is cleaved by TMPRSS2 in the lung of SARS-CoV-infected individuals. In summary, we show that TMPRSS2 might promote viral spread and pathogenesis by diminishing viral recognition by neutralizing antibodies and by activating SARS S for cell-cell and virus-cell fusion.</div>
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