Role of ventilation in airborne transmission of infectious agents in the built environment – a multidisciplinary systematic review
Identifieur interne : 000425 ( Istex/Curation ); précédent : 000424; suivant : 000426Role of ventilation in airborne transmission of infectious agents in the built environment – a multidisciplinary systematic review
Auteurs : Y. Li ; G. M. Leung [Hong Kong] ; J. W. Tang [Hong Kong] ; X. Yang [République populaire de Chine] ; C. Y. H. Chao [Hong Kong] ; J. Z. Lin ; J. W. Lu [République populaire de Chine] ; P. V. Nielsen [Danemark] ; J. Niu [République populaire de Chine] ; H. Qian ; A. C. Sleigh [Australie] ; H. J. Su [Taïwan] ; J. Sundell [Danemark] ; T. W. Wong [Hong Kong] ; P. L. Yuen [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Indoor Air [ 0905-6947 ] ; 2007-02.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Aerosol, Aerosol distribution, Aerosol transmission, Airborne, Airborne contagion, Airborne disease, Airborne diseases, Airborne infection, Airborne mycobacterium tuberculosis, Airborne pathogens, Airborne rhinovirus, Airborne route, Airborne spread, Airborne transmission, Airborne transmission route, Aircraft cabin, Airflow, Airflow direction, Airflow pattern, Airflow studies, American institute, American society, Anthrax, Attack rate, Attack rates, Aureus, Building science, Building ventilation, Cell blocks, Chan, Change rates, Chickenpox, Chinese university, Cold illness, Commercial aircraft, Conclusive studies, Consensus meeting, Considerable distance, Control chamber, Control hosp, Cubic meter, Current literature, Direct contact, Disease outbreaks, Disease transmission, Droplet, Droplet nuclei, Engl, Environmental investigations, Epidemiol, Epidemiologic, Epidemiologic study, Epidemiological evidence, Epidemiology, Evidentiary, Evidentiary threshold, Exclusion criteria, Exposure chamber, Fennelly, Field measurement, Flow pattern, Flow pattern study, Guideline, Guinea pigs, Health canada, Health care facilities, Health clinic, Highest rates, Hong kong, Hosp, Hospital staff, Hospital ward, Human health, Human services, Index case, Index cubicle, Index patient, Index room, Indoor, Indoor environment, Indoor environments, Infection, Infection risk, Infectious aerosols, Infectious agent, Infectious agents, Infectious diseases, Infectious dose, Infectious passenger, Infectious pathogens, Influenza, Isolation rooms, John wiley sons, Large number, Limited investigation, Mdrtb, Measles, Measles outbreak, Mechanical engineering, Medical students, Menzies, Microbiology side, Micropore membrane, Minimum ventilation requirements, Modeling, Molecular epidemiology, Molecular epidemiology connection, Multidisciplinary, Multidisciplinary study, Myatt, Mycobacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Nardell, Nasal acquisition, Navy ship, Negative pressure, Nosocomial, Nosocomial transmission, Nursing home, Nursing home architecture, Nursing homes, Office building, Open windows, Original studies, Orthopedic ward, Other buildings, Other cubicles, Other engineering control methods, Other people, Other rooms, Other sources, Outbreak, Overcrowding, Panel member, Panel members, Pathogen, Pediatric, Pediatric office suite, Pediatric ward, Pneumococcal disease, Polymerase chain reaction, Poor ventilation, Positive association, Positive pressure, Postal facilities, Public health, Relative humidity, Relative trends, Research questions, Respiratory syndrome, Rhinovirus, Riley, Room ventilation, Same time, Sars, Sars cases, Sars hypothesis, Sars infection risk, Sars outbreak, Sars outbreaks, Sars transmission, Secondary cases, Secondary infection, Sick building syndrome, Smallpox, Source patient, Spatial distribution, Spatial infection pattern, Staphylococcus aureus, Strong evidence, Strong need, Such situations, Susceptible host, Syndrome, Transmission, Tuberculin, Tuberculin skin conversions, Tuberculin skin reactivity, Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis outbreak, Tuberculosis ward, Ultraviolet irradiation, Urban hospital, Ventilation, Ventilation component, Ventilation conditions, Ventilation measurement, Ventilation rate, Ventilation rates, Ventilation requirements, Ventilation studies, Ventilation system, Ventilation systems, Ventilation type, Virus concentrations, Virus detection, Wind flows, Wong, Worst combination.
Abstract
Abstract Abstract There have been few recent studies demonstrating a definitive association between the transmission of airborne infections and the ventilation of buildings. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003 and current concerns about the risk of an avian influenza (H5N1) pandemic, have made a review of this area timely. We searched the major literature databases between 1960 and 2005, and then screened titles and abstracts, and finally selected 40 original studies based on a set of criteria. We established a review panel comprising medical and engineering experts in the fields of microbiology, medicine, epidemiology, indoor air quality, building ventilation, etc. Most panel members had experience with research into the 2003 SARS epidemic. The panel systematically assessed 40 original studies through both individual assessment and a 2‐day face‐to‐face consensus meeting. Ten of 40 studies reviewed were considered to be conclusive with regard to the association between building ventilation and the transmission of airborne infection. There is strong and sufficient evidence to demonstrate the association between ventilation, air movements in buildings and the transmission/spread of infectious diseases such as measles, tuberculosis, chickenpox, influenza, smallpox and SARS. There is insufficient data to specify and quantify the minimum ventilation requirements in hospitals, schools, offices, homes and isolation rooms in relation to spread of infectious diseases via the airborne route.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2006.00445.x
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Y. Li<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Mechanical Engineering</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Departments of Mechanical Engineering</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Division of Building Science and Technology</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Division of Building Science and Technology</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Mechanical Engineering</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Departments of Mechanical Engineering</wicri:noCountry></affiliation>Le document en format XML
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Leung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Community Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Community Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, J W" sort="Tang, J W" uniqKey="Tang J" first="J. W." last="Tang">J. W. Tang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, X" sort="Yang, X" uniqKey="Yang X" first="X." last="Yang">X. Yang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Building Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Building Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chao, C Y H" sort="Chao, C Y H" uniqKey="Chao C" first="C. Y. H." last="Chao">C. Y. H. Chao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, J Z" sort="Lin, J Z" uniqKey="Lin J" first="J. Z." last="Lin">J. Z. Lin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Division of Building Science and Technology</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Division of Building Science and Technology</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, J W" sort="Lu, J W" uniqKey="Lu J" first="J. W." last="Lu">J. W. Lu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Building and Construction, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Building and Construction, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nielsen, P V" sort="Nielsen, P V" uniqKey="Nielsen P" first="P. V." last="Nielsen">P. V. Nielsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Niu, J" sort="Niu, J" uniqKey="Niu J" first="J." last="Niu">J. Niu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qian, H" sort="Qian, H" uniqKey="Qian H" first="H." last="Qian">H. Qian</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Mechanical Engineering</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Departments of Mechanical Engineering</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sleigh, A C" sort="Sleigh, A C" uniqKey="Sleigh A" first="A. C." last="Sleigh">A. C. Sleigh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Su, H J" sort="Su, H J" uniqKey="Su H" first="H. J." last="Su">H. J. Su</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sundell, J" sort="Sundell, J" uniqKey="Sundell J" first="J." last="Sundell">J. Sundell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, T W" sort="Wong, T W" uniqKey="Wong T" first="T. W." last="Wong">T. W. Wong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Community and Family Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Community and Family Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, P L" sort="Yuen, P L" uniqKey="Yuen P" first="P. L." last="Yuen">P. L. Yuen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Hospital Authority, Hong Kong SAR Government, Hong Kong, China</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Authority, Hong Kong SAR Government, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:17FE42C02ADDFD3BC6EE5E8DF5B5D0CD29D37EDD</idno><date when="2007" year="2007">2007</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-0668.2006.00445.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-X0MGMQRB-T/fulltext.pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000425</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000425</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Curation">000425</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Role of ventilation in airborne transmission of infectious agents in the built environment – a multidisciplinary systematic review</title><author><name sortKey="Li, Y" sort="Li, Y" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Y." last="Li">Y. Li</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Mechanical Engineering</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Departments of Mechanical Engineering</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leung, G M" sort="Leung, G M" uniqKey="Leung G" first="G. M." last="Leung">G. M. Leung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Community Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Community Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, J W" sort="Tang, J W" uniqKey="Tang J" first="J. W." last="Tang">J. W. Tang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, X" sort="Yang, X" uniqKey="Yang X" first="X." last="Yang">X. Yang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Building Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Building Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chao, C Y H" sort="Chao, C Y H" uniqKey="Chao C" first="C. Y. H." last="Chao">C. Y. H. Chao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, J Z" sort="Lin, J Z" uniqKey="Lin J" first="J. Z." last="Lin">J. Z. Lin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Division of Building Science and Technology</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Division of Building Science and Technology</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, J W" sort="Lu, J W" uniqKey="Lu J" first="J. W." last="Lu">J. W. Lu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Building and Construction, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Building and Construction, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nielsen, P V" sort="Nielsen, P V" uniqKey="Nielsen P" first="P. V." last="Nielsen">P. V. Nielsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Niu, J" sort="Niu, J" uniqKey="Niu J" first="J." last="Niu">J. Niu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qian, H" sort="Qian, H" uniqKey="Qian H" first="H." last="Qian">H. Qian</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Mechanical Engineering</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Departments of Mechanical Engineering</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sleigh, A C" sort="Sleigh, A C" uniqKey="Sleigh A" first="A. C." last="Sleigh">A. C. Sleigh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Su, H J" sort="Su, H J" uniqKey="Su H" first="H. J." last="Su">H. J. Su</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sundell, J" sort="Sundell, J" uniqKey="Sundell J" first="J." last="Sundell">J. Sundell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, T W" sort="Wong, T W" uniqKey="Wong T" first="T. W." last="Wong">T. W. Wong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Community and Family Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Community and Family Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, P L" sort="Yuen, P L" uniqKey="Yuen P" first="P. L." last="Yuen">P. L. Yuen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Hospital Authority, Hong Kong SAR Government, Hong Kong, China</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Authority, Hong Kong SAR Government, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Indoor Air</title><title level="j" type="alt">INDOOR AIR</title><idno type="ISSN">0905-6947</idno><idno type="eISSN">1600-0668</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">17</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="2">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="18">18</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">17</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2007-02">2007-02</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0905-6947</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0905-6947</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Aerosol</term><term>Aerosol distribution</term><term>Aerosol transmission</term><term>Airborne</term><term>Airborne contagion</term><term>Airborne disease</term><term>Airborne diseases</term><term>Airborne infection</term><term>Airborne mycobacterium tuberculosis</term><term>Airborne pathogens</term><term>Airborne rhinovirus</term><term>Airborne route</term><term>Airborne spread</term><term>Airborne transmission</term><term>Airborne transmission route</term><term>Aircraft cabin</term><term>Airflow</term><term>Airflow direction</term><term>Airflow pattern</term><term>Airflow studies</term><term>American institute</term><term>American society</term><term>Anthrax</term><term>Attack rate</term><term>Attack rates</term><term>Aureus</term><term>Building science</term><term>Building ventilation</term><term>Cell blocks</term><term>Chan</term><term>Change rates</term><term>Chickenpox</term><term>Chinese university</term><term>Cold illness</term><term>Commercial aircraft</term><term>Conclusive studies</term><term>Consensus meeting</term><term>Considerable distance</term><term>Control chamber</term><term>Control hosp</term><term>Cubic meter</term><term>Current literature</term><term>Direct contact</term><term>Disease outbreaks</term><term>Disease transmission</term><term>Droplet</term><term>Droplet nuclei</term><term>Engl</term><term>Environmental investigations</term><term>Epidemiol</term><term>Epidemiologic</term><term>Epidemiologic study</term><term>Epidemiological evidence</term><term>Epidemiology</term><term>Evidentiary</term><term>Evidentiary threshold</term><term>Exclusion criteria</term><term>Exposure chamber</term><term>Fennelly</term><term>Field measurement</term><term>Flow pattern</term><term>Flow pattern study</term><term>Guideline</term><term>Guinea pigs</term><term>Health canada</term><term>Health care facilities</term><term>Health clinic</term><term>Highest rates</term><term>Hong kong</term><term>Hosp</term><term>Hospital staff</term><term>Hospital ward</term><term>Human health</term><term>Human services</term><term>Index case</term><term>Index cubicle</term><term>Index patient</term><term>Index room</term><term>Indoor</term><term>Indoor environment</term><term>Indoor environments</term><term>Infection</term><term>Infection risk</term><term>Infectious aerosols</term><term>Infectious agent</term><term>Infectious agents</term><term>Infectious diseases</term><term>Infectious dose</term><term>Infectious passenger</term><term>Infectious pathogens</term><term>Influenza</term><term>Isolation rooms</term><term>John wiley sons</term><term>Large number</term><term>Limited investigation</term><term>Mdrtb</term><term>Measles</term><term>Measles outbreak</term><term>Mechanical engineering</term><term>Medical students</term><term>Menzies</term><term>Microbiology side</term><term>Micropore membrane</term><term>Minimum ventilation requirements</term><term>Modeling</term><term>Molecular epidemiology</term><term>Molecular epidemiology connection</term><term>Multidisciplinary</term><term>Multidisciplinary study</term><term>Myatt</term><term>Mycobacterium</term><term>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</term><term>Nardell</term><term>Nasal acquisition</term><term>Navy ship</term><term>Negative pressure</term><term>Nosocomial</term><term>Nosocomial transmission</term><term>Nursing home</term><term>Nursing home architecture</term><term>Nursing homes</term><term>Office building</term><term>Open windows</term><term>Original studies</term><term>Orthopedic ward</term><term>Other buildings</term><term>Other cubicles</term><term>Other engineering control methods</term><term>Other people</term><term>Other rooms</term><term>Other sources</term><term>Outbreak</term><term>Overcrowding</term><term>Panel member</term><term>Panel members</term><term>Pathogen</term><term>Pediatric</term><term>Pediatric office suite</term><term>Pediatric ward</term><term>Pneumococcal disease</term><term>Polymerase chain reaction</term><term>Poor ventilation</term><term>Positive association</term><term>Positive pressure</term><term>Postal facilities</term><term>Public health</term><term>Relative humidity</term><term>Relative trends</term><term>Research questions</term><term>Respiratory syndrome</term><term>Rhinovirus</term><term>Riley</term><term>Room ventilation</term><term>Same time</term><term>Sars</term><term>Sars cases</term><term>Sars hypothesis</term><term>Sars infection risk</term><term>Sars outbreak</term><term>Sars outbreaks</term><term>Sars transmission</term><term>Secondary cases</term><term>Secondary infection</term><term>Sick building syndrome</term><term>Smallpox</term><term>Source patient</term><term>Spatial distribution</term><term>Spatial infection pattern</term><term>Staphylococcus aureus</term><term>Strong evidence</term><term>Strong need</term><term>Such situations</term><term>Susceptible host</term><term>Syndrome</term><term>Transmission</term><term>Tuberculin</term><term>Tuberculin skin conversions</term><term>Tuberculin skin reactivity</term><term>Tuberculosis</term><term>Tuberculosis outbreak</term><term>Tuberculosis ward</term><term>Ultraviolet irradiation</term><term>Urban hospital</term><term>Ventilation</term><term>Ventilation component</term><term>Ventilation conditions</term><term>Ventilation measurement</term><term>Ventilation rate</term><term>Ventilation rates</term><term>Ventilation requirements</term><term>Ventilation studies</term><term>Ventilation system</term><term>Ventilation systems</term><term>Ventilation type</term><term>Virus concentrations</term><term>Virus detection</term><term>Wind flows</term><term>Wong</term><term>Worst combination</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract Abstract There have been few recent studies demonstrating a definitive association between the transmission of airborne infections and the ventilation of buildings. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003 and current concerns about the risk of an avian influenza (H5N1) pandemic, have made a review of this area timely. We searched the major literature databases between 1960 and 2005, and then screened titles and abstracts, and finally selected 40 original studies based on a set of criteria. We established a review panel comprising medical and engineering experts in the fields of microbiology, medicine, epidemiology, indoor air quality, building ventilation, etc. Most panel members had experience with research into the 2003 SARS epidemic. The panel systematically assessed 40 original studies through both individual assessment and a 2‐day face‐to‐face consensus meeting. Ten of 40 studies reviewed were considered to be conclusive with regard to the association between building ventilation and the transmission of airborne infection. There is strong and sufficient evidence to demonstrate the association between ventilation, air movements in buildings and the transmission/spread of infectious diseases such as measles, tuberculosis, chickenpox, influenza, smallpox and SARS. There is insufficient data to specify and quantify the minimum ventilation requirements in hospitals, schools, offices, homes and isolation rooms in relation to spread of infectious diseases via the airborne route.</div></front></TEI></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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