The macroecology of infectious diseases: a new perspective on global‐scale drivers of pathogen distributions and impacts
Identifieur interne : 001F21 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001F20; suivant : 001F22The macroecology of infectious diseases: a new perspective on global‐scale drivers of pathogen distributions and impacts
Auteurs : Patrick R. Stephens ; Sonia Altizer ; Katherine F. Smith ; A. Alonso Aguirre ; James H. Brown ; Sarah A. Budischak ; James E. Byers ; Tad A. Dallas ; T. Jonathan Davies ; John M. Drake ; Vanessa O. Ezenwa ; Maxwell J. Farrell ; John L. Gittleman ; Barbara A. Han ; Shan Huang ; Rebecca A. Hutchinson ; Pieter Johnson ; Charles L. Nunn ; David Onstad ; Andrew Park ; Gonzalo M. Vazquez-Prokopec ; John P. Schmidt ; Robert PoulinSource :
- Ecology Letters [ 1461-023X ] ; 2016-09.
Abstract
Identifying drivers of infectious disease patterns and impacts at the broadest scales of organisation is one of the most crucial challenges for modern science, yet answers to many fundamental questions remain elusive. These include what factors commonly facilitate transmission of pathogens to novel host species, what drives variation in immune investment among host species, and more generally what drives global patterns of parasite diversity and distribution? Here we consider how the perspectives and tools of macroecology, a field that investigates patterns and processes at broad spatial, temporal and taxonomic scales, are expanding scientific understanding of global infectious disease ecology. In particular, emerging approaches are providing new insights about scaling properties across all living taxa, and new strategies for mapping pathogen biodiversity and infection risk. Ultimately, macroecology is establishing a framework to more accurately predict global patterns of infectious disease distribution and emergence.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/ele.12644
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ISTEX:B4D0042A2A5C048E0F3DCD734DB56E65C3EA05D2Le document en format XML
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Stephens</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: prsteph@uga.edu</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Altizer, Sonia" sort="Altizer, Sonia" uniqKey="Altizer S" first="Sonia" last="Altizer">Sonia Altizer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Katherine F" sort="Smith, Katherine F" uniqKey="Smith K" first="Katherine F." last="Smith">Katherine F. Smith</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, RI, 0291, Providence, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alonso Aguirre, A" sort="Alonso Aguirre, A" uniqKey="Alonso Aguirre A" first="A." last="Alonso Aguirre">A. 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Stephens</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: prsteph@uga.edu</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Altizer, Sonia" sort="Altizer, Sonia" uniqKey="Altizer S" first="Sonia" last="Altizer">Sonia Altizer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Katherine F" sort="Smith, Katherine F" uniqKey="Smith K" first="Katherine F." last="Smith">Katherine F. Smith</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, RI, 0291, Providence, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alonso Aguirre, A" sort="Alonso Aguirre, A" uniqKey="Alonso Aguirre A" first="A." last="Alonso Aguirre">A. Alonso Aguirre</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, VA, 22030, Fairfax, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, James H" sort="Brown, James H" uniqKey="Brown J" first="James H." last="Brown">James H. Brown</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, NM, 87131, Albuquerque, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Budischak, Sarah A" sort="Budischak, Sarah A" uniqKey="Budischak S" first="Sarah A." last="Budischak">Sarah A. Budischak</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Byers, James E" sort="Byers, James E" uniqKey="Byers J" first="James E." last="Byers">James E. Byers</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dallas, Tad A" sort="Dallas, Tad A" uniqKey="Dallas T" first="Tad A." last="Dallas">Tad A. Dallas</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jonathan Davies, T" sort="Jonathan Davies, T" uniqKey="Jonathan Davies T" first="T." last="Jonathan Davies">T. Jonathan Davies</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, McGill University, Quebec, H3A 0G4, Montreal, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drake, John M" sort="Drake, John M" uniqKey="Drake J" first="John M." last="Drake">John M. Drake</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ezenwa, Vanessa O" sort="Ezenwa, Vanessa O" uniqKey="Ezenwa V" first="Vanessa O." last="Ezenwa">Vanessa O. Ezenwa</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farrell, Maxwell J" sort="Farrell, Maxwell J" uniqKey="Farrell M" first="Maxwell J." last="Farrell">Maxwell J. Farrell</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, McGill University, Quebec, H3A 0G4, Montreal, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gittleman, John L" sort="Gittleman, John L" uniqKey="Gittleman J" first="John L." last="Gittleman">John L. Gittleman</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Han, Barbara A" sort="Han, Barbara A" uniqKey="Han B" first="Barbara A." last="Han">Barbara A. Han</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, New York, 12545, Millbrook, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Shan" sort="Huang, Shan" uniqKey="Huang S" first="Shan" last="Huang">Shan Huang</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK‐F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hutchinson, Rebecca A" sort="Hutchinson, Rebecca A" uniqKey="Hutchinson R" first="Rebecca A." last="Hutchinson">Rebecca A. Hutchinson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, OR, 97331, Corvallis, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Pieter" sort="Johnson, Pieter" uniqKey="Johnson P" first="Pieter" last="Johnson">Pieter Johnson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, CO, 80309, Boulder, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nunn, Charles L" sort="Nunn, Charles L" uniqKey="Nunn C" first="Charles L." last="Nunn">Charles L. Nunn</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Biological Sciences, Duke University, NC, 27708, Durham, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Onstad, David" sort="Onstad, David" uniqKey="Onstad D" first="David" last="Onstad">David Onstad</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>ITD Data Analysis and Modelling, DuPont Agricultural Biotechnology, Experimental Station E353/317, DE, 19803, Wilmington, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Andrew" sort="Park, Andrew" uniqKey="Park A" first="Andrew" last="Park">Andrew Park</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vazquez Rokopec, Gonzalo M" sort="Vazquez Rokopec, Gonzalo M" uniqKey="Vazquez Rokopec G" first="Gonzalo M." last="Vazquez-Prokopec">Gonzalo M. Vazquez-Prokopec</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, GA, 30322, Atlanta, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, John P" sort="Schmidt, John P" uniqKey="Schmidt J" first="John P." last="Schmidt">John P. Schmidt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poulin, Robert" sort="Poulin, Robert" uniqKey="Poulin R" first="Robert" last="Poulin">Robert Poulin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Ecology Letters</title><title level="j" type="alt">ECOLOGY LETTERS</title><idno type="ISSN">1461-023X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1461-0248</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">19</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1159">1159</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1171">1171</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">13</biblScope><date type="published" when="2016-09">2016-09</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1461-023X</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1461-023X</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Identifying drivers of infectious disease patterns and impacts at the broadest scales of organisation is one of the most crucial challenges for modern science, yet answers to many fundamental questions remain elusive. These include what factors commonly facilitate transmission of pathogens to novel host species, what drives variation in immune investment among host species, and more generally what drives global patterns of parasite diversity and distribution? Here we consider how the perspectives and tools of macroecology, a field that investigates patterns and processes at broad spatial, temporal and taxonomic scales, are expanding scientific understanding of global infectious disease ecology. In particular, emerging approaches are providing new insights about scaling properties across all living taxa, and new strategies for mapping pathogen biodiversity and infection risk. Ultimately, macroecology is establishing a framework to more accurately predict global patterns of infectious disease distribution and emergence.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><editor><json:item><name>Hillary Young</name></json:item></editor><keywords><teeft><json:string>parasite</json:string><json:string>macroecology</json:string><json:string>macroecological</json:string><json:string>ecology</json:string><json:string>pathogen</json:string><json:string>poulin</json:string><json:string>specie</json:string><json:string>infectious 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Budischak</name><affiliations><json:string>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>James E. Byers</name><affiliations><json:string>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Tad A. Dallas</name><affiliations><json:string>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>T. Jonathan Davies</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biology, McGill University, Quebec, H3A 0G4, Montreal, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>John M. Drake</name><affiliations><json:string>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Vanessa O. 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These include what factors commonly facilitate transmission of pathogens to novel host species, what drives variation in immune investment among host species, and more generally what drives global patterns of parasite diversity and distribution? Here we consider how the perspectives and tools of macroecology, a field that investigates patterns and processes at broad spatial, temporal and taxonomic scales, are expanding scientific understanding of global infectious disease ecology. In particular, emerging approaches are providing new insights about scaling properties across all living taxa, and new strategies for mapping pathogen biodiversity and infection risk. 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R. Stephens <i>et al</i>.</title></titleGroup><creators><creator affiliationRef="#ele12644-aff-0001" corresponding="yes" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0001"><personName><givenNames>Patrick R.</givenNames> <familyName>Stephens</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ele12644-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0002"><personName><givenNames>Sonia</givenNames> <familyName>Altizer</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ele12644-aff-0002" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0003"><personName><givenNames>Katherine F.</givenNames> <familyName>Smith</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ele12644-aff-0003" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0004"><personName><givenNames>A.</givenNames> <familyName>Alonso Aguirre</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ele12644-aff-0004" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0005"><personName><givenNames>James H.</givenNames> <familyName>Brown</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ele12644-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0006"><personName><givenNames>Sarah A.</givenNames> <familyName>Budischak</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ele12644-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0007"><personName><givenNames>James E.</givenNames> <familyName>Byers</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ele12644-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0008"><personName><givenNames>Tad A.</givenNames> <familyName>Dallas</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ele12644-aff-0005" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0009"><personName><givenNames>T.</givenNames> <familyName>Jonathan Davies</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ele12644-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0010"><personName><givenNames>John M.</givenNames> <familyName>Drake</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ele12644-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0011"><personName><givenNames>Vanessa O.</givenNames> <familyName>Ezenwa</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ele12644-aff-0005" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0012"><personName><givenNames>Maxwell J.</givenNames> <familyName>Farrell</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ele12644-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0013"><personName><givenNames>John L.</givenNames> <familyName>Gittleman</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ele12644-aff-0006" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0014"><personName><givenNames>Barbara A.</givenNames> <familyName>Han</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ele12644-aff-0007" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0015"><personName><givenNames>Shan</givenNames> <familyName>Huang</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ele12644-aff-0008" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0016"><personName><givenNames>Rebecca A.</givenNames> <familyName>Hutchinson</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ele12644-aff-0009" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0017"><personName><givenNames>Pieter</givenNames> <familyName>Johnson</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ele12644-aff-0010" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0018"><personName><givenNames>Charles L.</givenNames> <familyName>Nunn</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ele12644-aff-0011" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0019"><personName><givenNames>David</givenNames> <familyName>Onstad</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ele12644-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0020"><personName><givenNames>Andrew</givenNames> <familyName>Park</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ele12644-aff-0012" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0021"><personName><givenNames>Gonzalo M.</givenNames> <familyName>Vazquez‐Prokopec</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ele12644-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0022"><personName><givenNames>John P.</givenNames> <familyName>Schmidt</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ele12644-aff-0013" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0023"><personName><givenNames>Robert</givenNames> <familyName>Poulin</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="editor" xml:id="ele12644-cr-0024"><personName><givenNames>Hillary</givenNames> <familyName>Young</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="ele12644-aff-0001"><orgDiv>Odum School of Ecology</orgDiv> <orgName>University of Georgia</orgName> <address><city>Athens</city> <countryPart>GA</countryPart> <postCode>30602</postCode> <country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="ele12644-aff-0002"><orgDiv>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology</orgDiv> <orgName>Brown University</orgName> <address><city>Providence</city> <countryPart>RI</countryPart> <postCode>0291</postCode> <country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="ele12644-aff-0003"><orgDiv>Department of Environmental Science and Policy</orgDiv> <orgName>George Mason University</orgName> <address><city>Fairfax</city> <countryPart>VA</countryPart> <postCode>22030</postCode> <country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="ele12644-aff-0004"><orgDiv>Department of Biology</orgDiv> <orgName>University of New Mexico</orgName> <address><city>Albuquerque</city> <countryPart>NM</countryPart> <postCode>87131</postCode> <country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="CA" type="organization" xml:id="ele12644-aff-0005"><orgDiv>Department of Biology</orgDiv> <orgName>McGill University</orgName> <address><city>Montreal</city> <countryPart>Quebec</countryPart> <postCode>H3A 0G4</postCode> <country>Canada</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="ele12644-aff-0006"><orgName>Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies</orgName> <address><city>Millbrook</city> <countryPart>New York</countryPart> <postCode>12545</postCode> <country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="DE" type="organization" xml:id="ele12644-aff-0007"><orgDiv>Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK‐F)</orgDiv> <orgName>Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung</orgName> <address><street>Senckenberganlage 25</street> <postCode>60325</postCode> <city>Frankfurt</city> <country>Germany</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="ele12644-aff-0008"><orgDiv>School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science</orgDiv> <orgName>Oregon State University</orgName> <address><city>Corvallis</city> <countryPart>OR</countryPart> <postCode>97331</postCode> <country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="ele12644-aff-0009"><orgDiv>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology</orgDiv> <orgName>University of Colorado</orgName> <address><city>Boulder</city> <countryPart>CO</countryPart> <postCode>80309</postCode> <country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="ele12644-aff-0010"><orgDiv>Biological Sciences</orgDiv> <orgName>Duke University</orgName> <address><city>Durham</city> <countryPart>NC</countryPart> <postCode>27708</postCode> <country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="ele12644-aff-0011"><orgDiv>ITD Data Analysis and Modelling</orgDiv> <orgName>DuPont Agricultural Biotechnology</orgName> <address><street>Experimental Station E353/317</street> <city>Wilmington</city> <countryPart>DE</countryPart> <postCode>19803</postCode> <country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="ele12644-aff-0012"><orgDiv>Department of Environmental Sciences</orgDiv> <orgName>Emory University</orgName> <address><city>Atlanta</city> <countryPart>GA</countryPart> <postCode>30322</postCode> <country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="NZ" type="organization" xml:id="ele12644-aff-0013"><orgDiv>Department of Zoology</orgDiv> <orgName>University of Otago</orgName> <address><city>Dunedin</city> <postCode>9054</postCode> <country>New Zealand</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="ele12644-kwd-0001">Biodiversity</keyword><keyword xml:id="ele12644-kwd-0002">conservation</keyword><keyword xml:id="ele12644-kwd-0003">disease ecology</keyword><keyword xml:id="ele12644-kwd-0004">infectious diseases</keyword><keyword xml:id="ele12644-kwd-0005">macroecology</keyword><keyword xml:id="ele12644-kwd-0006">pathogens</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>NSF/NIH/USDA</fundingAgency><fundingNumber>DEB 1316223</fundingNumber></fundingInfo><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:id="ele12644-abs-0001"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Identifying drivers of infectious disease patterns and impacts at the broadest scales of organisation is one of the most crucial challenges for modern science, yet answers to many fundamental questions remain elusive. These include what factors commonly facilitate transmission of pathogens to novel host species, what drives variation in immune investment among host species, and more generally what drives global patterns of parasite diversity and distribution? Here we consider how the perspectives and tools of macroecology, a field that investigates patterns and processes at broad spatial, temporal and taxonomic scales, are expanding scientific understanding of global infectious disease ecology. In particular, emerging approaches are providing new insights about scaling properties across all living taxa, and new strategies for mapping pathogen biodiversity and infection risk. Ultimately, macroecology is establishing a framework to more accurately predict global patterns of infectious disease distribution and emergence.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>The macroecology of infectious diseases: a new perspective on global‐scale drivers of pathogen distributions and impacts</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>The macroecology of infectious diseases: a new perspective on global‐scale drivers of pathogen distributions and impacts</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Patrick R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Stephens</namePart><affiliation>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: prsteph@uga.edu</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Sonia</namePart><namePart type="family">Altizer</namePart><affiliation>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Katherine F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Smith</namePart><affiliation>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, RI, 0291, Providence, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Alonso Aguirre</namePart><affiliation>Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, VA, 22030, Fairfax, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">James H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Brown</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, NM, 87131, Albuquerque, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Sarah A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Budischak</namePart><affiliation>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">James E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Byers</namePart><affiliation>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Tad A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dallas</namePart><affiliation>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T.</namePart><namePart type="family">Jonathan Davies</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biology, McGill University, Quebec, H3A 0G4, Montreal, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">John M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Drake</namePart><affiliation>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Vanessa O.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ezenwa</namePart><affiliation>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Maxwell J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Farrell</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biology, McGill University, Quebec, H3A 0G4, Montreal, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">John L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gittleman</namePart><affiliation>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Barbara A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Han</namePart><affiliation>Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, New York, 12545, Millbrook, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Shan</namePart><namePart type="family">Huang</namePart><affiliation>Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK‐F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Rebecca A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hutchinson</namePart><affiliation>School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, OR, 97331, Corvallis, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Pieter</namePart><namePart type="family">Johnson</namePart><affiliation>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, CO, 80309, Boulder, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Charles L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Nunn</namePart><affiliation>Biological Sciences, Duke University, NC, 27708, Durham, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">David</namePart><namePart type="family">Onstad</namePart><affiliation>ITD Data Analysis and Modelling, DuPont Agricultural Biotechnology, Experimental Station E353/317, DE, 19803, Wilmington, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Andrew</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><affiliation>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Gonzalo M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Vazquez‐Prokopec</namePart><affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, GA, 30322, Atlanta, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">John P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Schmidt</namePart><affiliation>Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, GA, 30602, Athens, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Robert</namePart><namePart type="family">Poulin</namePart><affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hillary</namePart><namePart type="family">Young</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="review-article" displayLabel="reviewArticle" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-L5L7X3NF-P">review-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2016-09</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2016-06-10</dateCreated><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2016-03-03</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2016-05-31</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2016</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><abstract>Identifying drivers of infectious disease patterns and impacts at the broadest scales of organisation is one of the most crucial challenges for modern science, yet answers to many fundamental questions remain elusive. These include what factors commonly facilitate transmission of pathogens to novel host species, what drives variation in immune investment among host species, and more generally what drives global patterns of parasite diversity and distribution? Here we consider how the perspectives and tools of macroecology, a field that investigates patterns and processes at broad spatial, temporal and taxonomic scales, are expanding scientific understanding of global infectious disease ecology. In particular, emerging approaches are providing new insights about scaling properties across all living taxa, and new strategies for mapping pathogen biodiversity and infection risk. Ultimately, macroecology is establishing a framework to more accurately predict global patterns of infectious disease distribution and emergence.</abstract><note type="funding">NSF/NIH/USDA - No. DEB 1316223; </note><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Biodiversity</topic><topic>conservation</topic><topic>disease ecology</topic><topic>infectious diseases</topic><topic>macroecology</topic><topic>pathogens</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Ecology Letters</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Ecol Lett</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Review and Synthesis</topic><topic>Reviews and Syntheses</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">1461-023X</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1461-0248</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1461-0248</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">ELE</identifier><part><date>2016</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>9</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1159</start><end>1171</end><total>13</total></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="ele12644-cit-0001"><titleInfo><title>Microbial control of malaria: biological warfare against the parasite and its vector</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Abdul‐Ghani</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Al‐Mekhlafi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Alabsi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Abdul‐Ghani, R., Al‐Mekhlafi, A.M. & Alabsi, M.S. 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