Measures of the Effects of Vaccination in a Randomly Mixing Population
Identifieur interne : 001D52 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001D51; suivant : 001D53Measures of the Effects of Vaccination in a Randomly Mixing Population
Auteurs : Michael Haber ; Ira M. Longini ; M Elizabeth HalloranSource :
- International Journal of Epidemiology [ 0300-5771 ] ; 1991.
Abstract
Vaccine efficacy in the field is often derived from the relative attack rates in the vaccinated and unvaccinated after an outbreak.1,2 In this paper, vaccine efficacy is defined in terms of the probability that the infectious agent is transmitted from an infected to a susceptible person, and a method for estimating it from the usual attack rate data is given. We explore two mechanisms of vaccine action defined by Smith et al,3but include an underlying dynamic epidemic model of an acute directly transmitted disease. We show analytically that under the model in which the vaccine mechanism reduces the probability of infection given a certain exposure, vaccine efficacy based on the relative attack rates underestimates the protective effect of the vaccine based on the realtive transmission probabilities. Under the other model in which the vaccine mechanism offers complete protection to a certain proportion of those vaccinated, and no protection to the other vaccinated proportion, the vaccine efficacy based on the relative attack rates will equal that based on the transmission probabilities. Parameters for the effectiveness of a vaccination programme are defined in terms of the direct and indirect benefit to a single person as well as the total and average benefit to the entire population,4 and derived from the dynamic model for an outbreak of an acute directly transmitted disease. These effects can also be estimated without an actual separate unvaccinated population, independent of assumptions about the vaccine mechanism. The variation of these measures as functions of the fraction of vaccinated people in the population is explored numerically.
Url:
DOI: 10.1093/ije/20.1.300
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:53A4B73E735D5F35D026C2269DA45ADF681FE9B1Le document en format XML
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Longini</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Division of Biostatistics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Emory University, 1599 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Halloran, M Elizabeth" sort="Halloran, M Elizabeth" uniqKey="Halloran M" first="M Elizabeth" last="Halloran">M Elizabeth Halloran</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Division of Biostatistics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Emory University, 1599 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">International Journal of Epidemiology</title><idno type="eISSN">1464-3685</idno><idno type="ISSN">0300-5771</idno><imprint><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><date type="published">1991</date><biblScope unit="vol">20</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="300">300</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="310">310</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0300-5771</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0300-5771</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Vaccine efficacy in the field is often derived from the relative attack rates in the vaccinated and unvaccinated after an outbreak.1,2 In this paper, vaccine efficacy is defined in terms of the probability that the infectious agent is transmitted from an infected to a susceptible person, and a method for estimating it from the usual attack rate data is given. We explore two mechanisms of vaccine action defined by Smith et al,3but include an underlying dynamic epidemic model of an acute directly transmitted disease. We show analytically that under the model in which the vaccine mechanism reduces the probability of infection given a certain exposure, vaccine efficacy based on the relative attack rates underestimates the protective effect of the vaccine based on the realtive transmission probabilities. Under the other model in which the vaccine mechanism offers complete protection to a certain proportion of those vaccinated, and no protection to the other vaccinated proportion, the vaccine efficacy based on the relative attack rates will equal that based on the transmission probabilities. Parameters for the effectiveness of a vaccination programme are defined in terms of the direct and indirect benefit to a single person as well as the total and average benefit to the entire population,4 and derived from the dynamic model for an outbreak of an acute directly transmitted disease. These effects can also be estimated without an actual separate unvaccinated population, independent of assumptions about the vaccine mechanism. 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We explore two mechanisms of vaccine action defined by Smith et al,3but include an underlying dynamic epidemic model of an acute directly transmitted disease. We show analytically that under the model in which the vaccine mechanism reduces the probability of infection given a certain exposure, vaccine efficacy based on the relative attack rates underestimates the protective effect of the vaccine based on the realtive transmission probabilities. Under the other model in which the vaccine mechanism offers complete protection to a certain proportion of those vaccinated, and no protection to the other vaccinated proportion, the vaccine efficacy based on the relative attack rates will equal that based on the transmission probabilities. 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<ref target="http://www.tei-c.org/">We use TEI</ref></desc></application></appInfo></encodingDesc><profileDesc><abstract><p>Vaccine efficacy in the field is often derived from the relative attack rates in the vaccinated and unvaccinated after an outbreak.<hi rend="superscript">1,2</hi> In this paper, vaccine efficacy is defined in terms of the probability that the infectious agent is transmitted from an infected to a susceptible person, and a method for estimating it from the usual attack rate data is given. We explore two mechanisms of vaccine action defined by Smith <hi rend="italic">et al</hi>,<hi rend="superscript">3</hi>but include an underlying dynamic epidemic model of an acute directly transmitted disease. We show analytically that under the model in which the vaccine mechanism reduces the probability of infection given a certain exposure, vaccine efficacy based on the relative attack rates underestimates the protective effect of the vaccine based on the realtive transmission probabilities. Under the other model in which the vaccine mechanism offers complete protection to a certain proportion of those vaccinated, and no protection to the other vaccinated proportion, the vaccine efficacy based on the relative attack rates will equal that based on the transmission probabilities.</p><p>Parameters for the effectiveness of a vaccination programme are defined in terms of the direct and indirect benefit to a single person as well as the total and average benefit to the entire population,<hi rend="superscript">4</hi> and derived from the dynamic model for an outbreak of an acute directly transmitted disease. These effects can also be estimated without an actual separate unvaccinated population, independent of assumptions about the vaccine mechanism. The variation of these measures as functions of the fraction of vaccinated people in the population is explored numerically.</p></abstract><textClass ana="subject"><keywords scheme="subject"><term>Original Articles</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="EN"></language></langUsage></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2020-04-06" who="#istex" xml:id="pub2tei">formatting</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/HXZ-CG75R3CB-Q/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus oup, element #text not found" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" URI="journalpublishing.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article article-type="research-article">
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<name><surname>HABER</surname><given-names>MICHAEL</given-names></name>
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<abstract>
<p>Vaccine efficacy in the field is often derived from the relative attack rates in the vaccinated and unvaccinated after an outbreak.<sup>1,2</sup> In this paper, vaccine efficacy is defined in terms of the probability that the infectious agent is transmitted from an infected to a susceptible person, and a method for estimating it from the usual attack rate data is given. We explore two mechanisms of vaccine action defined by Smith <italic>et al</italic>,<sup>3</sup>but include an underlying dynamic epidemic model of an acute directly transmitted disease. We show analytically that under the model in which the vaccine mechanism reduces the probability of infection given a certain exposure, vaccine efficacy based on the relative attack rates underestimates the protective effect of the vaccine based on the realtive transmission probabilities. Under the other model in which the vaccine mechanism offers complete protection to a certain proportion of those vaccinated, and no protection to the other vaccinated proportion, the vaccine efficacy based on the relative attack rates will equal that based on the transmission probabilities.</p>
<p>Parameters for the effectiveness of a vaccination programme are defined in terms of the direct and indirect benefit to a single person as well as the total and average benefit to the entire population,<sup>4</sup> and derived from the dynamic model for an outbreak of an acute directly transmitted disease. These effects can also be estimated without an actual separate unvaccinated population, independent of assumptions about the vaccine mechanism. The variation of these measures as functions of the fraction of vaccinated people in the population is explored numerically.</p>
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We explore two mechanisms of vaccine action defined by Smith et al,3but include an underlying dynamic epidemic model of an acute directly transmitted disease. We show analytically that under the model in which the vaccine mechanism reduces the probability of infection given a certain exposure, vaccine efficacy based on the relative attack rates underestimates the protective effect of the vaccine based on the realtive transmission probabilities. Under the other model in which the vaccine mechanism offers complete protection to a certain proportion of those vaccinated, and no protection to the other vaccinated proportion, the vaccine efficacy based on the relative attack rates will equal that based on the transmission probabilities. Parameters for the effectiveness of a vaccination programme are defined in terms of the direct and indirect benefit to a single person as well as the total and average benefit to the entire population,4 and derived from the dynamic model for an outbreak of an acute directly transmitted disease. These effects can also be estimated without an actual separate unvaccinated population, independent of assumptions about the vaccine mechanism. The variation of these measures as functions of the fraction of vaccinated people in the population is explored numerically.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>International Journal of Epidemiology</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><subject><topic>Original Articles</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0300-5771</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1464-3685</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">ije</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">intjepid</identifier><part><date>1991</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>300</start><end>310</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">53A4B73E735D5F35D026C2269DA45ADF681FE9B1</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/HXZ-CG75R3CB-Q</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1093/ije/20.1.300</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">20.1.300</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© International Epidemiological Association</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-GTWS0RDP-M">oup</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Converted from (version 1.2.10) to MODS version 3.6.</recordOrigin><recordCreationDate encoding="w3cdtf">2020-04-16</recordCreationDate></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/HXZ-CG75R3CB-Q/record.json</uri></json:item></metadata><annexes><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/HXZ-CG75R3CB-Q/annexes.pdf</uri></json:item></annexes><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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