Public perceptions, anxiety, and behaviour change in relation to the swine flu outbreak: cross sectional telephone survey
Identifieur interne : 001A14 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001A13; suivant : 001A15Public perceptions, anxiety, and behaviour change in relation to the swine flu outbreak: cross sectional telephone survey
Auteurs : G James Rubin ; Richard Amlôt ; Lisa Page ; Simon WesselySource :
- BMJ [ 0959-8138 ] ; 2009.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Annual household income, Avoidance behaviour, Avoidance behaviours, Behaviour, Behaviour change, Behaviour changes, Behaviour outcomes, Behaviour table, Behavioural changes, Behavioural responses, College london, Confidence interval, Data collection, Disinfecting things, Early stages, Educational level, Ethnic groups, Ethnicity, Exaggeration scale, Family member, Future outbreak, Good information, Health protection agency, High anxiety, High risk, Higher levels, Hong kong, Household income, Immediate aftermath, Important information, Infectious disease, Ipsos mori, James rubin, Leaflet, Long time, Lower likelihood, Major incident, Many times, Mitigation measures, More avoidance behaviours, Multivariate associations, Odds ratio, Official advice, Online, Outbreak, Pandemic, Participant, Perception variables, Personal variables, Potential respondents, Precautionary behaviour, Primary outcomes, Public responses, Public transport, Random digit dialling, Research table, Respiratory syndrome, Sample size, Sectional telephone survey, Significant univariate associations, Single item, Social grade, Specific behaviours, Specific perceptions, Study design, Swine, Syndrome, Telephone survey, Univariate associations, Work status, World health organization, Young children.
Abstract
Objective To assess whether perceptions of the swine flu outbreak predicted changes in behaviour among members of the public in England, Scotland, and Wales. Design Cross sectional telephone survey using random digit dialling. Setting Interviews by telephone between 8 and 12 May. Participants 997 adults aged 18 or more who had heard of swine flu and spoke English. Main outcome measures Recommended change in behaviour (increases in handwashing and surface cleaning or plans made with a “flu friend”) and avoidance behaviours (engaged in one or more of six behaviours such as avoiding large crowds or public transport). Results 37.8% of participants (n=377) reported performing any recommended behaviour change “over the past four days . . . because of swine flu.” 4.9% (n=49) had carried out any avoidance behaviour. Controlling for personal details and anxiety, recommended changes were associated with perceptions that swine flu is severe, that the risk of catching it is high risk, that the outbreak will continue for a long time, that the authorities can be trusted, that good information has been provided, that people can control their risk of catching swine flu, and that specific behaviours are effective in reducing the risk. Being uncertain about the outbreak and believing that the outbreak had been exaggerated were associated with a lower likelihood of change. The strongest predictor of behaviour change was ethnicity, with participants from ethnic minority groups being more likely to make recommended changes (odds ratio 3.2, 95% confidence interval 2.0 to 5.3) and carry out avoidance behaviours (4.1, 2.0 to 8.4). Conclusions The results support efforts to inform the public about specific actions that can reduce the risks from swine flu and to communicate about the government’s plans and resources. Tackling the perception that the outbreak has been “over-hyped” may be difficult but worthwhile. Additional research is required into differing reactions to the outbreak among ethnic groups.
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DOI: 10.1136/bmj.b2651
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ISTEX:5D3DC70C524363D960352C69995C78625550E881Le document en format XML
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last="Page">Lisa Page</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, London SE5 9RJ</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wessely, Simon" sort="Wessely, Simon" uniqKey="Wessely S" first="Simon" last="Wessely">Simon Wessely</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, London SE5 9RJ</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:5D3DC70C524363D960352C69995C78625550E881</idno><date when="2009" year="2009">2009</date><idno type="doi">10.1136/bmj.b2651</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/NVC-8N67GBV0-J/fulltext.pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001A14</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" 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first="Lisa" last="Page">Lisa Page</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, London SE5 9RJ</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wessely, Simon" sort="Wessely, Simon" uniqKey="Wessely S" first="Simon" last="Wessely">Simon Wessely</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, London SE5 9RJ</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">BMJ</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">BMJ</title><idno type="ISSN">0959-8138</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-5833</idno><imprint><publisher>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</publisher><date type="published" when="2009">2009</date><biblScope unit="volume">339</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0959-8138</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0959-8138</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Annual household income</term><term>Avoidance behaviour</term><term>Avoidance behaviours</term><term>Behaviour</term><term>Behaviour change</term><term>Behaviour changes</term><term>Behaviour outcomes</term><term>Behaviour table</term><term>Behavioural changes</term><term>Behavioural responses</term><term>College london</term><term>Confidence interval</term><term>Data collection</term><term>Disinfecting things</term><term>Early stages</term><term>Educational level</term><term>Ethnic groups</term><term>Ethnicity</term><term>Exaggeration scale</term><term>Family member</term><term>Future outbreak</term><term>Good information</term><term>Health protection agency</term><term>High anxiety</term><term>High risk</term><term>Higher levels</term><term>Hong kong</term><term>Household income</term><term>Immediate aftermath</term><term>Important information</term><term>Infectious disease</term><term>Ipsos mori</term><term>James rubin</term><term>Leaflet</term><term>Long time</term><term>Lower likelihood</term><term>Major incident</term><term>Many times</term><term>Mitigation measures</term><term>More avoidance behaviours</term><term>Multivariate associations</term><term>Odds ratio</term><term>Official advice</term><term>Online</term><term>Outbreak</term><term>Pandemic</term><term>Participant</term><term>Perception variables</term><term>Personal variables</term><term>Potential respondents</term><term>Precautionary behaviour</term><term>Primary outcomes</term><term>Public responses</term><term>Public transport</term><term>Random digit dialling</term><term>Research table</term><term>Respiratory syndrome</term><term>Sample size</term><term>Sectional telephone survey</term><term>Significant univariate associations</term><term>Single item</term><term>Social grade</term><term>Specific behaviours</term><term>Specific perceptions</term><term>Study design</term><term>Swine</term><term>Syndrome</term><term>Telephone survey</term><term>Univariate associations</term><term>Work status</term><term>World health organization</term><term>Young children</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Objective To assess whether perceptions of the swine flu outbreak predicted changes in behaviour among members of the public in England, Scotland, and Wales. Design Cross sectional telephone survey using random digit dialling. Setting Interviews by telephone between 8 and 12 May. Participants 997 adults aged 18 or more who had heard of swine flu and spoke English. Main outcome measures Recommended change in behaviour (increases in handwashing and surface cleaning or plans made with a “flu friend”) and avoidance behaviours (engaged in one or more of six behaviours such as avoiding large crowds or public transport). Results 37.8% of participants (n=377) reported performing any recommended behaviour change “over the past four days . . . because of swine flu.” 4.9% (n=49) had carried out any avoidance behaviour. Controlling for personal details and anxiety, recommended changes were associated with perceptions that swine flu is severe, that the risk of catching it is high risk, that the outbreak will continue for a long time, that the authorities can be trusted, that good information has been provided, that people can control their risk of catching swine flu, and that specific behaviours are effective in reducing the risk. Being uncertain about the outbreak and believing that the outbreak had been exaggerated were associated with a lower likelihood of change. The strongest predictor of behaviour change was ethnicity, with participants from ethnic minority groups being more likely to make recommended changes (odds ratio 3.2, 95% confidence interval 2.0 to 5.3) and carry out avoidance behaviours (4.1, 2.0 to 8.4). Conclusions The results support efforts to inform the public about specific actions that can reduce the risks from swine flu and to communicate about the government’s plans and resources. Tackling the perception that the outbreak has been “over-hyped” may be difficult but worthwhile. Additional research is required into differing reactions to the outbreak among ethnic groups.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>bmj</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>behaviour change</json:string><json:string>behaviour</json:string><json:string>swine</json:string><json:string>outbreak</json:string><json:string>avoidance behaviours</json:string><json:string>online</json:string><json:string>leaflet</json:string><json:string>respiratory syndrome</json:string><json:string>odds ratio</json:string><json:string>ethnicity</json:string><json:string>confidence interval</json:string><json:string>public transport</json:string><json:string>sectional telephone survey</json:string><json:string>hong kong</json:string><json:string>long time</json:string><json:string>specific behaviours</json:string><json:string>personal variables</json:string><json:string>primary outcomes</json:string><json:string>pandemic</json:string><json:string>participant</json:string><json:string>ipsos mori</json:string><json:string>ethnic groups</json:string><json:string>random digit dialling</json:string><json:string>more avoidance behaviours</json:string><json:string>lower likelihood</json:string><json:string>young children</json:string><json:string>high risk</json:string><json:string>health protection agency</json:string><json:string>official advice</json:string><json:string>higher levels</json:string><json:string>behaviour outcomes</json:string><json:string>early stages</json:string><json:string>high anxiety</json:string><json:string>data collection</json:string><json:string>research table</json:string><json:string>good information</json:string><json:string>family member</json:string><json:string>telephone survey</json:string><json:string>potential respondents</json:string><json:string>sample size</json:string><json:string>social grade</json:string><json:string>james rubin</json:string><json:string>many times</json:string><json:string>college london</json:string><json:string>behavioural responses</json:string><json:string>disinfecting things</json:string><json:string>infectious disease</json:string><json:string>single item</json:string><json:string>household income</json:string><json:string>educational level</json:string><json:string>specific perceptions</json:string><json:string>univariate associations</json:string><json:string>perception variables</json:string><json:string>multivariate associations</json:string><json:string>precautionary behaviour</json:string><json:string>work status</json:string><json:string>behaviour changes</json:string><json:string>important information</json:string><json:string>behaviour table</json:string><json:string>mitigation measures</json:string><json:string>annual household income</json:string><json:string>world health organization</json:string><json:string>significant univariate associations</json:string><json:string>public responses</json:string><json:string>exaggeration scale</json:string><json:string>avoidance behaviour</json:string><json:string>future outbreak</json:string><json:string>immediate aftermath</json:string><json:string>major incident</json:string><json:string>study design</json:string><json:string>behavioural changes</json:string><json:string>syndrome</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>G James Rubin</name><affiliations><json:string>King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, London SE5 9RJ</json:string><json:string>E-mail: g.rubin@iop.kcl.ac.uk</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Richard Amlôt</name><affiliations><json:string>Health Protection Agency, Emergency Response Department, Porton Down, Wiltshire</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Lisa Page</name><affiliations><json:string>King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, London SE5 9RJ</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Simon Wessely</name><affiliations><json:string>King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, London SE5 9RJ</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>rubg676429</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/NVC-8N67GBV0-J</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>research-article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Objective To assess whether perceptions of the swine flu outbreak predicted changes in behaviour among members of the public in England, Scotland, and Wales. Design Cross sectional telephone survey using random digit dialling. Setting Interviews by telephone between 8 and 12 May. Participants 997 adults aged 18 or more who had heard of swine flu and spoke English. Main outcome measures Recommended change in behaviour (increases in handwashing and surface cleaning or plans made with a “flu friend”) and avoidance behaviours (engaged in one or more of six behaviours such as avoiding large crowds or public transport). Results 37.8% of participants (n=377) reported performing any recommended behaviour change “over the past four days . . . because of swine flu.” 4.9% (n=49) had carried out any avoidance behaviour. Controlling for personal details and anxiety, recommended changes were associated with perceptions that swine flu is severe, that the risk of catching it is high risk, that the outbreak will continue for a long time, that the authorities can be trusted, that good information has been provided, that people can control their risk of catching swine flu, and that specific behaviours are effective in reducing the risk. Being uncertain about the outbreak and believing that the outbreak had been exaggerated were associated with a lower likelihood of change. The strongest predictor of behaviour change was ethnicity, with participants from ethnic minority groups being more likely to make recommended changes (odds ratio 3.2, 95% confidence interval 2.0 to 5.3) and carry out avoidance behaviours (4.1, 2.0 to 8.4). Conclusions The results support efforts to inform the public about specific actions that can reduce the risks from swine flu and to communicate about the government’s plans and resources. Tackling the perception that the outbreak has been “over-hyped” may be difficult but worthwhile. Additional research is required into differing reactions to the outbreak among ethnic groups.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>10</score><pdfWordCount>6067</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>37529</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>8</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>595 x 794 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>311</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>2013</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>0</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Public perceptions, anxiety, and behaviour change in relation to the swine flu outbreak: cross sectional telephone survey</title><pmid><json:string>19574308</json:string></pmid><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><title>BMJ</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><issn><json:string>0959-8138</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1468-5833</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>bmj</json:string></publisherId><volume>339</volume><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><subject><json:item><value>Infectious diseases</value></json:item><json:item><value>Ethnic studies</value></json:item></subject></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>2009-07-02</json:string><json:string>1000</json:string><json:string>1958</json:string><json:string>2002</json:string><json:string>2003</json:string></date><geogName></geogName><orgName><json:string>Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, the South London</json:string><json:string>University of Michigan</json:string><json:string>Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, London SE</json:string><json:string>RESEARCH We</json:string><json:string>NHS Foundation Trust, and the Institute of Psychiatry, King</json:string><json:string>Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety</json:string><json:string>Midwifery Research Ethics Committee</json:string><json:string>RESEARCH Table</json:string><json:string>Emergency Response Department, Porton Down, Wiltshire Correspondence</json:string><json:string>Health Protection Agency</json:string><json:string>World Health Organization</json:string><json:string>National Institute for Health Research</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder><json:string>National Institute for Health Research</json:string></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName><json:string>Julia Clark</json:string><json:string>Our</json:string><json:string>John Simpson</json:string><json:string>M. 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Perception</json:string><json:string>Virginia Murray</json:string><json:string>Michele Corrado</json:string><json:string>Helen Maguire</json:string><json:string>John Stephenson</json:string></persName><placeName><json:string>Singapore</json:string><json:string>UK</json:string><json:string>Hong Kong</json:string><json:string>Washington</json:string><json:string>Ethnicity</json:string><json:string>DC</json:string><json:string>London</json:string><json:string>China</json:string></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>April 2009 a</json:string><json:string>World Bank, 2008</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/NVC-8N67GBV0-J</json:string></ark><categories><wos></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - health sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - clinical medicine</json:string><json:string>3 - general & internal medicine</json:string></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Medicine</json:string><json:string>3 - 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Design Cross sectional telephone survey using random digit dialling. Setting Interviews by telephone between 8 and 12 May. Participants 997 adults aged 18 or more who had heard of swine flu and spoke English. Main outcome measures Recommended change in behaviour (increases in handwashing and surface cleaning or plans made with a “flu friend”) and avoidance behaviours (engaged in one or more of six behaviours such as avoiding large crowds or public transport). Results 37.8% of participants (n=377) reported performing any recommended behaviour change “over the past four days . . . because of swine flu.” 4.9% (n=49) had carried out any avoidance behaviour. Controlling for personal details and anxiety, recommended changes were associated with perceptions that swine flu is severe, that the risk of catching it is high risk, that the outbreak will continue for a long time, that the authorities can be trusted, that good information has been provided, that people can control their risk of catching swine flu, and that specific behaviours are effective in reducing the risk. Being uncertain about the outbreak and believing that the outbreak had been exaggerated were associated with a lower likelihood of change. The strongest predictor of behaviour change was ethnicity, with participants from ethnic minority groups being more likely to make recommended changes (odds ratio 3.2, 95% confidence interval 2.0 to 5.3) and carry out avoidance behaviours (4.1, 2.0 to 8.4). Conclusions The results support efforts to inform the public about specific actions that can reduce the risks from swine flu and to communicate about the government’s plans and resources. Tackling the perception that the outbreak has been “over-hyped” may be difficult but worthwhile. Additional research is required into differing reactions to the outbreak among ethnic groups.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>hwp-journal-coll</head><item><term>Infectious diseases</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>hwp-journal-coll</head><item><term>Ethnic studies</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2009-07-02">Created</change><change when="2009">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/NVC-8N67GBV0-J/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus bmj" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" URI="archivearticle.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article article-type="research-article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">bmj</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">BMJ</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bmj</journal-id><journal-title>BMJ</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">BMJ</abbrev-journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0959-8138</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1468-5833</issn><publisher><publisher-name>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">rubg676429</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/bmj.b2651</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">bmj;339/jul02_3/b2651</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">bmj;bmj.b2651</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">jul02_3</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">19574308</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">bmj.b2651</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">bmj.b2651</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>Infectious diseases</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>Ethnic studies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Public perceptions, anxiety, and behaviour change in relation to the swine flu outbreak: cross sectional telephone survey</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Rubin</surname><given-names>G James</given-names></name><role>senior research fellow</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Amlôt</surname><given-names>Richard</given-names></name><role>research fellow</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Page</surname><given-names>Lisa</given-names></name><role>clinical lecturer</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Wessely</surname><given-names>Simon</given-names></name><role>professor of epidemiological and liaison psychiatry</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, London SE5 9RJ</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>Health Protection Agency, Emergency Response Department, Porton Down, Wiltshire</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp>Correspondence to: G James Rubin <email>g.rubin@iop.kcl.ac.uk</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2009</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2009</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub-original"><year>2009</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>2</day><month>7</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><volume>339</volume><volume-id pub-id-type="other">339</volume-id><volume-id pub-id-type="other">339</volume-id><elocation-id>b2651</elocation-id><history><date date-type="accepted"><day>23</day><month>June</month><year>2009</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© Rubin et al 2009</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2009</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Rubin et al</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/"><p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:role="full-text" xlink:href="bmj-339-bmj-b2651.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p><bold>Objective</bold> To assess whether perceptions of the swine flu outbreak predicted changes in behaviour among members of the public in England, Scotland, and Wales.</p><p><bold>Design</bold> Cross sectional telephone survey using random digit dialling.</p><p><bold>Setting</bold> Interviews by telephone between 8 and 12 May.</p><p><bold>Participants</bold> 997 adults aged 18 or more who had heard of swine flu and spoke English.</p><p><bold>Main outcome measures</bold> Recommended change in behaviour (increases in handwashing and surface cleaning or plans made with a “flu friend”) and avoidance behaviours (engaged in one or more of six behaviours such as avoiding large crowds or public transport).</p><p><bold>Results</bold> 37.8% of participants (n=377) reported performing any recommended behaviour change “over the past four days . . . because of swine flu.” 4.9% (n=49) had carried out any avoidance behaviour. Controlling for personal details and anxiety, recommended changes were associated with perceptions that swine flu is severe, that the risk of catching it is high risk, that the outbreak will continue for a long time, that the authorities can be trusted, that good information has been provided, that people can control their risk of catching swine flu, and that specific behaviours are effective in reducing the risk. Being uncertain about the outbreak and believing that the outbreak had been exaggerated were associated with a lower likelihood of change. The strongest predictor of behaviour change was ethnicity, with participants from ethnic minority groups being more likely to make recommended changes (odds ratio 3.2, 95% confidence interval 2.0 to 5.3) and carry out avoidance behaviours (4.1, 2.0 to 8.4).</p><p><bold>Conclusions</bold> The results support efforts to inform the public about specific actions that can reduce the risks from swine flu and to communicate about the government’s plans and resources. Tackling the perception that the outbreak has been “over-hyped” may be difficult but worthwhile. Additional research is required into differing reactions to the outbreak among ethnic groups.</p></abstract></article-meta></front></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Public perceptions, anxiety, and behaviour change in relation to the swine flu outbreak: cross sectional telephone survey</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Public perceptions, anxiety, and behaviour change in relation to the swine flu outbreak: cross sectional telephone survey</title></titleInfo><name type="personal" displayLabel="corresp"><namePart type="given">G James</namePart><namePart type="family">Rubin</namePart><affiliation>King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, London SE5 9RJ</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: g.rubin@iop.kcl.ac.uk</affiliation><description>senior research fellow</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Richard</namePart><namePart type="family">Amlôt</namePart><affiliation>Health Protection Agency, Emergency Response Department, Porton Down, Wiltshire</affiliation><description>research fellow</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lisa</namePart><namePart type="family">Page</namePart><affiliation>King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, London SE5 9RJ</affiliation><description>clinical lecturer</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Simon</namePart><namePart type="family">Wessely</namePart><affiliation>King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, London SE5 9RJ</affiliation><description>professor of epidemiological and liaison psychiatry</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2009</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2009-07-02</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2009</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><abstract>Objective To assess whether perceptions of the swine flu outbreak predicted changes in behaviour among members of the public in England, Scotland, and Wales. Design Cross sectional telephone survey using random digit dialling. Setting Interviews by telephone between 8 and 12 May. Participants 997 adults aged 18 or more who had heard of swine flu and spoke English. Main outcome measures Recommended change in behaviour (increases in handwashing and surface cleaning or plans made with a “flu friend”) and avoidance behaviours (engaged in one or more of six behaviours such as avoiding large crowds or public transport). Results 37.8% of participants (n=377) reported performing any recommended behaviour change “over the past four days . . . because of swine flu.” 4.9% (n=49) had carried out any avoidance behaviour. Controlling for personal details and anxiety, recommended changes were associated with perceptions that swine flu is severe, that the risk of catching it is high risk, that the outbreak will continue for a long time, that the authorities can be trusted, that good information has been provided, that people can control their risk of catching swine flu, and that specific behaviours are effective in reducing the risk. Being uncertain about the outbreak and believing that the outbreak had been exaggerated were associated with a lower likelihood of change. The strongest predictor of behaviour change was ethnicity, with participants from ethnic minority groups being more likely to make recommended changes (odds ratio 3.2, 95% confidence interval 2.0 to 5.3) and carry out avoidance behaviours (4.1, 2.0 to 8.4). Conclusions The results support efforts to inform the public about specific actions that can reduce the risks from swine flu and to communicate about the government’s plans and resources. Tackling the perception that the outbreak has been “over-hyped” may be difficult but worthwhile. Additional research is required into differing reactions to the outbreak among ethnic groups.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>BMJ</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>BMJ</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><subject><genre>hwp-journal-coll</genre><topic>Infectious diseases</topic></subject><subject><genre>hwp-journal-coll</genre><topic>Ethnic studies</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0959-8138</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1468-5833</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">bmj</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">bmj</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-nlm-ta">BMJ</identifier><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>339</number></detail></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">5D3DC70C524363D960352C69995C78625550E881</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/NVC-8N67GBV0-J</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1136/bmj.b2651</identifier><identifier type="href">bmj-339-bmj-b2651.pdf</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">rubg676429</identifier><identifier type="PMID">19574308</identifier><identifier type="local">bmj;339/jul02_3/b2651</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="open-access">This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-7M42M2QJ-2">bmj</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>© Rubin et al 2009</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/NVC-8N67GBV0-J/record.json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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