Typical or atypical pneumonia and severe acute respiratory symptoms in PICU
Identifieur interne : 000D13 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000D12; suivant : 000D14Typical or atypical pneumonia and severe acute respiratory symptoms in PICU
Auteurs : Kam Lun Hon ; Agnes S. Y. Leung ; Kam Lau Cheung ; Antony C. Fu ; Winnie Chiu Wing Chu ; Margaret Ip ; Paul K. S. ChanSource :
- The Clinical Respiratory Journal [ 1752-6981 ] ; 2015-07.
Abstract
Background and Aims: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a common childhood pathogen associated with atypical pneumonia (AP). It is often a mild disease and seldom results in paediatric intensive care (PICU) admission. In 2003, World Health Organization (WHO) coined the word SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) in patients with severe acute respiratory symptoms (sars) for an outbreak of AP in Hong Kong due to a novel coronavirus. In 2012, another outbreak of coronavirus AP occurred in the Middle East. Confusing case definitions such as MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) and SARI (severe acute respiratory infections) were coined. This paper aims to present a case of MP with sars, ARDS, pneumonia and pleural effusion during the MERS epidemics, and review the incidence and mortality of severe AP with MP. Methods: We presented a case of MP with sars, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia and pleural effusion during the MERS epidemics, and performed a literature review on the incidence and mortality of severe AP with MP requiring PICU care. Results: In early 2013, an 11‐year‐old girl presented with sars, ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome), right‐sided pneumonia and pleural effusion. She was treated with multiple antibiotics. Streptococcus pneumoniae was not isolated in this girl with ‘typical’ pneumonia by symptomatology and chest radiography, but tracheal aspirate identified MP instead. The respiratory equations are computed with PaO2/FiO2 consistent with severe lung injury. Literature on the incidence and mortality of severe AP with MP requiring PICU care is reviewed. Six, 165 and 293 articles were found when PubMed (a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine) was searched for the terms ‘mycoplasma’ and ‘ICU’, ‘mycoplasma’ and ‘mortality’, and ‘mycoplasma' and ‘severe’. Mortality and PICU admission associated with MP is general low and rarely reported. Experimental and clinical studies have suggested that the pathogenesis of lung injuries in MP infection is associated with a cell‐mediated immune reaction, and high responsiveness to corticosteroid therapy has been reported especially for severe disease. Management of severe mycoplasma infection in the PICU includes general cardiopulmonary support and specific antimicrobial treatment. Macrolide resistance genotypes have been detected. Conclusion: We urge health organizations to refrain from the temptation of coining unnecessary new terminology to describe essentially the same conditions each and every time when outbreaks of AP occur.
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DOI: 10.1111/crj.12149
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ISTEX:C61820E7DACE9AF907943CE852DC1B030CEF162DLe document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Typical or atypical pneumonia and severe acute respiratory symptoms in PICU</title><author><name sortKey="Hon, Kam Lun" sort="Hon, Kam Lun" uniqKey="Hon K" first="Kam Lun" last="Hon">Kam Lun Hon</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Kam‐lun Ellis Hon, MD (CUHK), FAAP, FCCM, Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 6/F, Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital,Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong.Tel: (852) 2632 2859Fax: (852) 2636 0020email:</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: ehon@cuhk.edu.hk</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leung, Agnes S Y" sort="Leung, Agnes S Y" uniqKey="Leung A" first="Agnes S. Y." last="Leung">Agnes S. Y. Leung</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheung, Kam Lau" sort="Cheung, Kam Lau" uniqKey="Cheung K" first="Kam Lau" last="Cheung">Kam Lau Cheung</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fu, Antony C" sort="Fu, Antony C" uniqKey="Fu A" first="Antony C." last="Fu">Antony C. Fu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, Winnie Chiu Wing" sort="Chu, Winnie Chiu Wing" uniqKey="Chu W" first="Winnie Chiu Wing" last="Chu">Winnie Chiu Wing Chu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ip, Margaret" sort="Ip, Margaret" uniqKey="Ip M" first="Margaret" last="Ip">Margaret Ip</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Paul K S" sort="Chan, Paul K S" uniqKey="Chan P" first="Paul K. S." last="Chan">Paul K. S. Chan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:C61820E7DACE9AF907943CE852DC1B030CEF162D</idno><date when="2015" year="2015">2015</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/crj.12149</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-VLKMHBS5-0/fulltext.pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000D13</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000D13</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Typical or atypical pneumonia and severe acute respiratory symptoms in PICU</title><author><name sortKey="Hon, Kam Lun" sort="Hon, Kam Lun" uniqKey="Hon K" first="Kam Lun" last="Hon">Kam Lun Hon</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Kam‐lun Ellis Hon, MD (CUHK), FAAP, FCCM, Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 6/F, Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital,Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong.Tel: (852) 2632 2859Fax: (852) 2636 0020email:</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: ehon@cuhk.edu.hk</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leung, Agnes S Y" sort="Leung, Agnes S Y" uniqKey="Leung A" first="Agnes S. Y." last="Leung">Agnes S. Y. Leung</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheung, Kam Lau" sort="Cheung, Kam Lau" uniqKey="Cheung K" first="Kam Lau" last="Cheung">Kam Lau Cheung</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fu, Antony C" sort="Fu, Antony C" uniqKey="Fu A" first="Antony C." last="Fu">Antony C. Fu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, Winnie Chiu Wing" sort="Chu, Winnie Chiu Wing" uniqKey="Chu W" first="Winnie Chiu Wing" last="Chu">Winnie Chiu Wing Chu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ip, Margaret" sort="Ip, Margaret" uniqKey="Ip M" first="Margaret" last="Ip">Margaret Ip</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Paul K S" sort="Chan, Paul K S" uniqKey="Chan P" first="Paul K. S." last="Chan">Paul K. S. Chan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">The Clinical Respiratory Journal</title><title level="j" type="alt">THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL</title><idno type="ISSN">1752-6981</idno><idno type="eISSN">1752-699X</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="366">366</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="371">371</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">5</biblScope><date type="published" when="2015-07">2015-07</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1752-6981</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1752-6981</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Background and Aims: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a common childhood pathogen associated with atypical pneumonia (AP). It is often a mild disease and seldom results in paediatric intensive care (PICU) admission. In 2003, World Health Organization (WHO) coined the word SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) in patients with severe acute respiratory symptoms (sars) for an outbreak of AP in Hong Kong due to a novel coronavirus. In 2012, another outbreak of coronavirus AP occurred in the Middle East. Confusing case definitions such as MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) and SARI (severe acute respiratory infections) were coined. This paper aims to present a case of MP with sars, ARDS, pneumonia and pleural effusion during the MERS epidemics, and review the incidence and mortality of severe AP with MP. Methods: We presented a case of MP with sars, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia and pleural effusion during the MERS epidemics, and performed a literature review on the incidence and mortality of severe AP with MP requiring PICU care. Results: In early 2013, an 11‐year‐old girl presented with sars, ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome), right‐sided pneumonia and pleural effusion. She was treated with multiple antibiotics. Streptococcus pneumoniae was not isolated in this girl with ‘typical’ pneumonia by symptomatology and chest radiography, but tracheal aspirate identified MP instead. The respiratory equations are computed with PaO2/FiO2 consistent with severe lung injury. Literature on the incidence and mortality of severe AP with MP requiring PICU care is reviewed. Six, 165 and 293 articles were found when PubMed (a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine) was searched for the terms ‘mycoplasma’ and ‘ICU’, ‘mycoplasma’ and ‘mortality’, and ‘mycoplasma' and ‘severe’. Mortality and PICU admission associated with MP is general low and rarely reported. Experimental and clinical studies have suggested that the pathogenesis of lung injuries in MP infection is associated with a cell‐mediated immune reaction, and high responsiveness to corticosteroid therapy has been reported especially for severe disease. Management of severe mycoplasma infection in the PICU includes general cardiopulmonary support and specific antimicrobial treatment. Macrolide resistance genotypes have been detected. Conclusion: We urge health organizations to refrain from the temptation of coining unnecessary new terminology to describe essentially the same conditions each and every time when outbreaks of AP occur.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Kam Lun Hon</name><affiliations><json:string>Departments of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</json:string><json:string>Kam‐lun Ellis Hon, MD (CUHK), FAAP, FCCM, Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 6/F, Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital,Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong.Tel: (852) 2632 2859Fax: (852) 2636 0020email:</json:string><json:string>E-mail: ehon@cuhk.edu.hk</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Agnes S. Y. Leung</name><affiliations><json:string>Departments of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Kam Lau Cheung</name><affiliations><json:string>Departments of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Antony C. Fu</name><affiliations><json:string>Departments of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Winnie Chiu Wing Chu</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Margaret Ip</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Paul K. S. Chan</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>atypical pneumonia</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>immuniztions</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>MERS</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>pleural effusion</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>pneumococcus</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>MERS</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>severe acute respiratory syndrome</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>CRJ12149</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-VLKMHBS5-0</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>caseStudy</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Background and Aims: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a common childhood pathogen associated with atypical pneumonia (AP). It is often a mild disease and seldom results in paediatric intensive care (PICU) admission. In 2003, World Health Organization (WHO) coined the word SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) in patients with severe acute respiratory symptoms (sars) for an outbreak of AP in Hong Kong due to a novel coronavirus. In 2012, another outbreak of coronavirus AP occurred in the Middle East. Confusing case definitions such as MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) and SARI (severe acute respiratory infections) were coined. This paper aims to present a case of MP with sars, ARDS, pneumonia and pleural effusion during the MERS epidemics, and review the incidence and mortality of severe AP with MP. Methods: We presented a case of MP with sars, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia and pleural effusion during the MERS epidemics, and performed a literature review on the incidence and mortality of severe AP with MP requiring PICU care. Results: In early 2013, an 11‐year‐old girl presented with sars, ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome), right‐sided pneumonia and pleural effusion. She was treated with multiple antibiotics. Streptococcus pneumoniae was not isolated in this girl with ‘typical’ pneumonia by symptomatology and chest radiography, but tracheal aspirate identified MP instead. The respiratory equations are computed with PaO2/FiO2 consistent with severe lung injury. Literature on the incidence and mortality of severe AP with MP requiring PICU care is reviewed. Six, 165 and 293 articles were found when PubMed (a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine) was searched for the terms ‘mycoplasma’ and ‘ICU’, ‘mycoplasma’ and ‘mortality’, and ‘mycoplasma' and ‘severe’. Mortality and PICU admission associated with MP is general low and rarely reported. Experimental and clinical studies have suggested that the pathogenesis of lung injuries in MP infection is associated with a cell‐mediated immune reaction, and high responsiveness to corticosteroid therapy has been reported especially for severe disease. Management of severe mycoplasma infection in the PICU includes general cardiopulmonary support and specific antimicrobial treatment. Macrolide resistance genotypes have been detected. 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Y.</forename><surname>Leung</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Departments of Paediatrics</orgName><orgName type="division">Prince of Wales Hospital</orgName><orgName type="institution">The Chinese University of Hong Kong</orgName><address><settlement>Shatin</settlement><country key="HK" xml:lang="en">HONG KONG</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Kam Lau</forename><surname>Cheung</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Departments of Paediatrics</orgName><orgName type="division">Prince of Wales Hospital</orgName><orgName type="institution">The Chinese University of Hong Kong</orgName><address><settlement>Shatin</settlement><country key="HK" xml:lang="en">HONG KONG</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">Antony C.</forename><surname>Fu</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Departments of Paediatrics</orgName><orgName type="division">Prince of Wales Hospital</orgName><orgName type="institution">The Chinese University of Hong Kong</orgName><address><settlement>Shatin</settlement><country key="HK" xml:lang="en">HONG KONG</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">Winnie Chiu Wing</forename><surname>Chu</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology</orgName><orgName type="division">Prince of Wales Hospital</orgName><orgName type="institution">The Chinese University of Hong Kong</orgName><address><settlement>Shatin</settlement><country key="HK" xml:lang="en">HONG KONG</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">Margaret</forename><surname>Ip</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Microbiology</orgName><orgName type="division">Prince of Wales Hospital</orgName><orgName type="institution">The Chinese University of Hong Kong</orgName><address><settlement>Shatin</settlement><country key="HK" xml:lang="en">HONG KONG</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0006"><persName><forename type="first">Paul K. S.</forename><surname>Chan</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology</orgName><orgName type="division">Prince of Wales Hospital</orgName><orgName type="institution">The Chinese University of Hong Kong</orgName><address><settlement>Shatin</settlement><country key="HK" xml:lang="en">HONG KONG</country></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">C61820E7DACE9AF907943CE852DC1B030CEF162D</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-VLKMHBS5-0</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/crj.12149</idno><idno type="unit">CRJ12149</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:CRJ.CRJ12149.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">The Clinical Respiratory Journal</title><title level="j" type="alt">THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL</title><idno type="pISSN">1752-6981</idno><idno type="eISSN">1752-699X</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1752-699X</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1111/crj.2015.9.issue-3</idno><idno type="product">CRJ</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="366">366</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="371">371</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">5</biblScope><date type="published" when="2015-07"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><encodingDesc><schemaRef type="ODD" url="https://xml-schema.delivery.istex.fr/tei-istex.odd"></schemaRef><appInfo><application ident="pub2tei" version="1.0.10" when="2019-12-20"><label>pub2TEI-ISTEX</label><desc>A set of style sheets for converting XML documents encoded in various scientific publisher formats into a common TEI format.
<ref target="http://www.tei-c.org/">We use TEI</ref></desc></application></appInfo></encodingDesc><profileDesc><abstract style="main"><head>Abstract</head><head>Background and Aims</head><p>Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a common childhood pathogen associated with atypical pneumonia (AP). It is often a mild disease and seldom results in paediatric intensive care (PICU) admission. In 2003, World Health Organization (WHO) coined the word SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) in patients with severe acute respiratory symptoms (sars) for an outbreak of AP in Hong Kong due to a novel coronavirus. In 2012, another outbreak of coronavirus AP occurred in the Middle East. Confusing case definitions such as MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) and SARI (severe acute respiratory infections) were coined. This paper aims to present a case of MP with sars, ARDS, pneumonia and pleural effusion during the MERS epidemics, and review the incidence and mortality of severe AP with MP.</p><head>Methods</head><p>We presented a case of MP with sars, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia and pleural effusion during the MERS epidemics, and performed a literature review on the incidence and mortality of severe AP with MP requiring PICU care.</p><head>Results</head><p>In early 2013, an 11‐year‐old girl presented with sars, ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome), right‐sided pneumonia and pleural effusion. She was treated with multiple antibiotics. Streptococcus pneumoniae was not isolated in this girl with ‘typical’ pneumonia by symptomatology and chest radiography, but tracheal aspirate identified MP instead. The respiratory equations are computed with PaO<hi rend="subscript">2</hi>/FiO<hi rend="subscript">2</hi> consistent with severe lung injury. Literature on the incidence and mortality of severe AP with MP requiring PICU care is reviewed. Six, 165 and 293 articles were found when PubMed (a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine) was searched for the terms ‘mycoplasma’ and ‘ICU’, ‘mycoplasma’ and ‘mortality’, and ‘mycoplasma' and ‘severe’. Mortality and PICU admission associated with MP is general low and rarely reported. Experimental and clinical studies have suggested that the pathogenesis of lung injuries in MP infection is associated with a cell‐mediated immune reaction, and high responsiveness to corticosteroid therapy has been reported especially for severe disease. Management of severe mycoplasma infection in the PICU includes general cardiopulmonary support and specific antimicrobial treatment. Macrolide resistance genotypes have been detected.</p><head>Conclusion</head><p>We urge health organizations to refrain from the temptation of coining unnecessary new terminology to describe essentially the same conditions each and every time when outbreaks of AP occur.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords><term xml:id="crj12149-kwd-0001">atypical pneumonia</term><term xml:id="crj12149-kwd-0002">immuniztions</term><term xml:id="crj12149-kwd-1002">MERS</term><term xml:id="crj12149-kwd-0003"><hi rend="fc"><hi rend="italic">M</hi></hi><hi rend="italic">ycoplasma pneumoniae</hi></term><term xml:id="crj12149-kwd-0004">pleural effusion</term><term xml:id="crj12149-kwd-0005">pneumococcus</term><term xml:id="crj12149-kwd-1001">MERS</term><term xml:id="crj12149-kwd-1003">severe acute respiratory syndrome</term></keywords><keywords rend="articleCategory"><term>CASE REPORT</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>CASE REPORT</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2019-12-20" who="#istex" xml:id="pub2tei">formatting</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-VLKMHBS5-0/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:id="crj12149" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/(ISSN)1752-699X</doi><issn type="print">1752-6981</issn><issn type="electronic">1752-699X</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="CRJ"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title sort="THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL" type="main">The Clinical Respiratory Journal</title><title type="short">The Clinical Respiratory Journal</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="90903"><doi>10.1111/crj.2015.9.issue-3</doi><copyright ownership="publisher">© 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd</copyright><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="9">9</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">3</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2015-07">July 2015</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" position="130" status="forIssue" type="caseStudy"><doi>10.1111/crj.12149</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="CRJ12149"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count number="5" type="pageTotal"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">CASE REPORT</title><title type="tocHeading1">CASE REPORT</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">© 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd</copyright><eventGroup><event agent="bestset" date="2014-04-21" type="xmlCreated"></event><event date="2013-03-27" type="manuscriptReceived"></event><event date="2014-02-07" type="manuscriptRevised"></event><event date="2014-04-04" type="manuscriptAccepted"></event><event type="publishedOnlineAccepted" date="2014-04-11"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2014-06-09"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2014-06-09"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2015-07-14"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.7.5 mode:FullText" date="2016-01-22"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">366</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">371</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo><lineatedText><line><b>Correspondence</b></line><line>Kam‐lun Ellis Hon, MD (CUHK), FAAP, FCCM, Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 6/F, Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital,</line><line>Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong.</line><line>Tel: (852) 2632 2859</line><line>Fax: (852) 2636 0020</line><line>email: <email>ehon@cuhk.edu.hk</email></line></lineatedText></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:CRJ.CRJ12149.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><titleGroup><title type="main">Typical or atypical pneumonia and severe acute respiratory symptoms in <fc>PICU</fc></title><title type="short">Typical or atypical pneumonia in PICU</title><title type="shortAuthors">Hon <i>et al</i>.</title></titleGroup><creators><creator affiliationRef="#crj12149-aff-0001" corresponding="yes" creatorRole="author" xml:id="crj12149-cr-0001"><personName><givenNames>Kam Lun</givenNames><familyName>Hon</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#crj12149-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="crj12149-cr-0002"><personName><givenNames>Agnes S. Y.</givenNames><familyName>Leung</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#crj12149-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="crj12149-cr-0003"><personName><givenNames>Kam Lau</givenNames><familyName>Cheung</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#crj12149-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="crj12149-cr-0004"><personName><givenNames>Antony C.</givenNames><familyName>Fu</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#crj12149-aff-0002" creatorRole="author" xml:id="crj12149-cr-0005"><personName><givenNames>Winnie Chiu Wing</givenNames><familyName>Chu</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#crj12149-aff-0003" creatorRole="author" xml:id="crj12149-cr-0006"><personName><givenNames>Margaret</givenNames><familyName>Ip</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#crj12149-aff-0002" creatorRole="author" xml:id="crj12149-cr-0007"><personName><givenNames>Paul K. S.</givenNames><familyName>Chan</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="HK" xml:id="crj12149-aff-0001"><orgDiv>Departments of Paediatrics</orgDiv><orgDiv>Prince of Wales Hospital</orgDiv><orgName>The Chinese University of Hong Kong</orgName><address><city>Shatin</city><country>Hong Kong</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="HK" xml:id="crj12149-aff-0002"><orgDiv>Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology</orgDiv><orgDiv>Prince of Wales Hospital</orgDiv><orgName>The Chinese University of Hong Kong</orgName><address><city>Shatin</city><country>Hong Kong</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="HK" xml:id="crj12149-aff-0003"><orgDiv>Department of Microbiology</orgDiv><orgDiv>Prince of Wales Hospital</orgDiv><orgName>The Chinese University of Hong Kong</orgName><address><city>Shatin</city><country>Hong Kong</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="crj12149-kwd-0001">atypical pneumonia</keyword><keyword xml:id="crj12149-kwd-0002">immuniztions</keyword><keyword xml:id="crj12149-kwd-1002">MERS</keyword><keyword xml:id="crj12149-kwd-0003"><fc><i>M</i></fc><i>ycoplasma pneumoniae</i></keyword><keyword xml:id="crj12149-kwd-0004">pleural effusion</keyword><keyword xml:id="crj12149-kwd-0005">pneumococcus</keyword><keyword xml:id="crj12149-kwd-1001">MERS</keyword><keyword xml:id="crj12149-kwd-1003">severe acute respiratory syndrome</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><title type="main">Abstract</title><section xml:id="crj12149-sec-1001"><title type="main">Background and Aims</title><p>Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a common childhood pathogen associated with atypical pneumonia (AP). It is often a mild disease and seldom results in paediatric intensive care (PICU) admission. In 2003, World Health Organization (WHO) coined the word SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) in patients with severe acute respiratory symptoms (sars) for an outbreak of AP in Hong Kong due to a novel coronavirus. In 2012, another outbreak of coronavirus AP occurred in the Middle East. Confusing case definitions such as MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) and SARI (severe acute respiratory infections) were coined. This paper aims to present a case of MP with sars, ARDS, pneumonia and pleural effusion during the MERS epidemics, and review the incidence and mortality of severe AP with MP.</p></section> <section xml:id="crj12149-sec-1002"><title type="main">Methods</title><p>We presented a case of MP with sars, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia and pleural effusion during the MERS epidemics, and performed a literature review on the incidence and mortality of severe AP with MP requiring PICU care.</p></section> <section xml:id="crj12149-sec-1003"><title type="main">Results</title><p>In early 2013, an 11‐year‐old girl presented with sars, ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome), right‐sided pneumonia and pleural effusion. She was treated with multiple antibiotics. Streptococcus pneumoniae was not isolated in this girl with ‘typical’ pneumonia by symptomatology and chest radiography, but tracheal aspirate identified MP instead. The respiratory equations are computed with PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> consistent with severe lung injury. Literature on the incidence and mortality of severe AP with MP requiring PICU care is reviewed. Six, 165 and 293 articles were found when PubMed (a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine) was searched for the terms ‘mycoplasma’ and ‘ICU’, ‘mycoplasma’ and ‘mortality’, and ‘mycoplasma' and ‘severe’. Mortality and PICU admission associated with MP is general low and rarely reported. Experimental and clinical studies have suggested that the pathogenesis of lung injuries in MP infection is associated with a cell‐mediated immune reaction, and high responsiveness to corticosteroid therapy has been reported especially for severe disease. Management of severe mycoplasma infection in the PICU includes general cardiopulmonary support and specific antimicrobial treatment. Macrolide resistance genotypes have been detected.</p></section> <section xml:id="crj12149-sec-1004"><title type="main">Conclusion</title><p>We urge health organizations to refrain from the temptation of coining unnecessary new terminology to describe essentially the same conditions each and every time when outbreaks of AP occur.</p></section></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note numbered="no" xml:id="crj12149-note-0001"><p><b>Authorship and contributorship</b></p><p>Hon KL is the principal author. Leung A, Fu AC, and Cheung KL are responsible for the write up. Chu WC provides radiology inputs. Ip M and Chan PK provide microbiology inputs.</p></note><note numbered="no" xml:id="crj12149-note-0002"><p><b>Ethics</b></p><p>The Joint Chinese University of Hong Kong – New Territories East Cluster Clinical Research Ethics Committee.</p></note><note numbered="no" xml:id="crj12149-note-0003"><p><b>Conflict of interest</b></p><p>K. L. Hon has received travel and conference sponsorship from Pfizer and Wyeth.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Typical or atypical pneumonia and severe acute respiratory symptoms in PICU</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Typical or atypical pneumonia in PICU</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Typical or atypical pneumonia and severe acute respiratory symptoms in PICU</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Kam Lun</namePart><namePart type="family">Hon</namePart><affiliation>Departments of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</affiliation><affiliation>Kam‐lun Ellis Hon, MD (CUHK), FAAP, FCCM, Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 6/F, Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital,Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong.Tel: (852) 2632 2859Fax: (852) 2636 0020email:</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: ehon@cuhk.edu.hk</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Agnes S. Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Leung</namePart><affiliation>Departments of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Kam Lau</namePart><namePart type="family">Cheung</namePart><affiliation>Departments of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Antony C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Fu</namePart><affiliation>Departments of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Winnie Chiu Wing</namePart><namePart type="family">Chu</namePart><affiliation>Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Margaret</namePart><namePart type="family">Ip</namePart><affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Paul K. S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Chan</namePart><affiliation>Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="case-report" displayLabel="caseStudy" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-29919SZJ-6">case-report</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2015-07</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2014-04-21</dateCreated><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2013-03-27</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2014-04-04</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2015</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><abstract>Background and Aims: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a common childhood pathogen associated with atypical pneumonia (AP). It is often a mild disease and seldom results in paediatric intensive care (PICU) admission. In 2003, World Health Organization (WHO) coined the word SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) in patients with severe acute respiratory symptoms (sars) for an outbreak of AP in Hong Kong due to a novel coronavirus. In 2012, another outbreak of coronavirus AP occurred in the Middle East. Confusing case definitions such as MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) and SARI (severe acute respiratory infections) were coined. This paper aims to present a case of MP with sars, ARDS, pneumonia and pleural effusion during the MERS epidemics, and review the incidence and mortality of severe AP with MP. Methods: We presented a case of MP with sars, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia and pleural effusion during the MERS epidemics, and performed a literature review on the incidence and mortality of severe AP with MP requiring PICU care. Results: In early 2013, an 11‐year‐old girl presented with sars, ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome), right‐sided pneumonia and pleural effusion. She was treated with multiple antibiotics. Streptococcus pneumoniae was not isolated in this girl with ‘typical’ pneumonia by symptomatology and chest radiography, but tracheal aspirate identified MP instead. The respiratory equations are computed with PaO2/FiO2 consistent with severe lung injury. Literature on the incidence and mortality of severe AP with MP requiring PICU care is reviewed. Six, 165 and 293 articles were found when PubMed (a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine) was searched for the terms ‘mycoplasma’ and ‘ICU’, ‘mycoplasma’ and ‘mortality’, and ‘mycoplasma' and ‘severe’. Mortality and PICU admission associated with MP is general low and rarely reported. Experimental and clinical studies have suggested that the pathogenesis of lung injuries in MP infection is associated with a cell‐mediated immune reaction, and high responsiveness to corticosteroid therapy has been reported especially for severe disease. Management of severe mycoplasma infection in the PICU includes general cardiopulmonary support and specific antimicrobial treatment. Macrolide resistance genotypes have been detected. Conclusion: We urge health organizations to refrain from the temptation of coining unnecessary new terminology to describe essentially the same conditions each and every time when outbreaks of AP occur.</abstract><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>atypical pneumonia</topic><topic>immuniztions</topic><topic>MERS</topic><topic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</topic><topic>pleural effusion</topic><topic>pneumococcus</topic><topic>MERS</topic><topic>severe acute respiratory syndrome</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The Clinical Respiratory Journal</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>The Clinical Respiratory Journal</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>CASE REPORT</topic><topic>CASE REPORT</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">1752-6981</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1752-699X</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1752-699X</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">CRJ</identifier><part><date>2015</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>9</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>366</start><end>371</end><total>5</total></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="crj12149-cit-0001"><titleInfo><title>Pediatric respiratory infections by Mycoplasma pneumoniae</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KY</namePart><namePart type="family">Lee</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Lee KY. 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