Human Coronavirus NL63 Infection in Canada
Identifieur interne : 000991 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000990; suivant : 000992Human Coronavirus NL63 Infection in Canada
Auteurs : Nathalie Bastien ; Kelly Anderson ; Laura Hart ; Paul Van Caeseele ; Ken Brandt ; Doug Milley ; Todd Hatchette ; Elise C. Weiss ; Yan LiSource :
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases [ 0022-1899 ] ; 2005.
Abstract
The isolation of human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) in The Netherlands raised questions about its contribution to respiratory illness. In this study, a total of 525 respiratory specimens, collected in Canada primarily during the winter months of 2001–2002, were tested for HCoV-NL63; 19 tested positive for HCoV-NL63, demonstrating virus activity during January–March 2002. Patients with HCoV-NL63 were 1 month-100 years old (median age, 37 years). The main clinical presentations were fever (15/19), sore throat (5/19), and cough (9/19), and 4 patients were hospitalized. These results provide evidence for the worldwide distribution of HCoV-NL63.
Url:
DOI: 10.1086/426869
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:7C99A03A1952A75E33D970F4ECF26AF3DF5973EFLe document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title>Human Coronavirus NL63 Infection in Canada</title><author><name sortKey="Bastien, Nathalie" sort="Bastien, Nathalie" uniqKey="Bastien N" first="Nathalie" last="Bastien">Nathalie Bastien</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Kelly" sort="Anderson, Kelly" uniqKey="Anderson K" first="Kelly" last="Anderson">Kelly Anderson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hart, Laura" sort="Hart, Laura" uniqKey="Hart L" first="Laura" last="Hart">Laura Hart</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caeseele, Paul Van" sort="Caeseele, Paul Van" uniqKey="Caeseele P" first="Paul Van" last="Caeseele">Paul Van Caeseele</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brandt, Ken" sort="Brandt, Ken" uniqKey="Brandt K" first="Ken" last="Brandt">Ken Brandt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Provincial Laboratory, Saskatchewan Health, Regina, Saskatchewan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milley, Doug" sort="Milley, Doug" uniqKey="Milley D" first="Doug" last="Milley">Doug Milley</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hatchette, Todd" sort="Hatchette, Todd" uniqKey="Hatchette T" first="Todd" last="Hatchette">Todd Hatchette</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Center, Halifax, Nova Scotia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weiss, Elise C" sort="Weiss, Elise C" uniqKey="Weiss E" first="Elise C." last="Weiss">Elise C. Weiss</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Manitoba Health, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Yan" sort="Li, Yan" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yan" last="Li">Yan Li</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: yan_li@phac-aspc.gc.ca</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Yan Li, National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health, 1015 Arlington St., Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada (yan_li@phac-aspc.gc.ca).</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:7C99A03A1952A75E33D970F4ECF26AF3DF5973EF</idno><date when="2005" year="2005">2005</date><idno type="doi">10.1086/426869</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/HXZ-95CWXD8G-D/fulltext.pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000991</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000991</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Human Coronavirus NL63 Infection in Canada</title><author><name sortKey="Bastien, Nathalie" sort="Bastien, Nathalie" uniqKey="Bastien N" first="Nathalie" last="Bastien">Nathalie Bastien</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Kelly" sort="Anderson, Kelly" uniqKey="Anderson K" first="Kelly" last="Anderson">Kelly Anderson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hart, Laura" sort="Hart, Laura" uniqKey="Hart L" first="Laura" last="Hart">Laura Hart</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caeseele, Paul Van" sort="Caeseele, Paul Van" uniqKey="Caeseele P" first="Paul Van" last="Caeseele">Paul Van Caeseele</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brandt, Ken" sort="Brandt, Ken" uniqKey="Brandt K" first="Ken" last="Brandt">Ken Brandt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Provincial Laboratory, Saskatchewan Health, Regina, Saskatchewan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milley, Doug" sort="Milley, Doug" uniqKey="Milley D" first="Doug" last="Milley">Doug Milley</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hatchette, Todd" sort="Hatchette, Todd" uniqKey="Hatchette T" first="Todd" last="Hatchette">Todd Hatchette</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Center, Halifax, Nova Scotia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weiss, Elise C" sort="Weiss, Elise C" uniqKey="Weiss E" first="Elise C." last="Weiss">Elise C. Weiss</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Manitoba Health, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Yan" sort="Li, Yan" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yan" last="Li">Yan Li</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: yan_li@phac-aspc.gc.ca</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Yan Li, National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health, 1015 Arlington St., Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada (yan_li@phac-aspc.gc.ca).</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">The Journal of Infectious Diseases</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">The Journal of Infectious Diseases</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-1899</idno><idno type="eISSN">1537-6613</idno><imprint><publisher>The University of Chicago Press</publisher><date type="published">2005</date><biblScope unit="vol">191</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="503">503</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="506">506</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0022-1899</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0022-1899</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">The isolation of human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) in The Netherlands raised questions about its contribution to respiratory illness. In this study, a total of 525 respiratory specimens, collected in Canada primarily during the winter months of 2001–2002, were tested for HCoV-NL63; 19 tested positive for HCoV-NL63, demonstrating virus activity during January–March 2002. Patients with HCoV-NL63 were 1 month-100 years old (median age, 37 years). The main clinical presentations were fever (15/19), sore throat (5/19), and cough (9/19), and 4 patients were hospitalized. These results provide evidence for the worldwide distribution of HCoV-NL63.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>oup</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Nathalie Bastien</name><affiliations><json:string>National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Kelly Anderson</name><affiliations><json:string>National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Laura Hart</name><affiliations><json:string>National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Paul Van Caeseele</name><affiliations><json:string>Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ken Brandt</name><affiliations><json:string>Provincial Laboratory, Saskatchewan Health, Regina, Saskatchewan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Doug Milley</name><affiliations><json:string>Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Todd Hatchette III</name><affiliations><json:string>Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Center, Halifax, Nova Scotia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Elise C. Weiss</name><affiliations><json:string>Manitoba Health, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Yan Li</name><affiliations><json:string>National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg</json:string><json:string>E-mail: yan_li@phac-aspc.gc.ca</json:string><json:string>Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Yan Li, National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health, 1015 Arlington St., Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada (yan_li@phac-aspc.gc.ca).</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><arkIstex>ark:/67375/HXZ-95CWXD8G-D</arkIstex><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>brief-report</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>The isolation of human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) in The Netherlands raised questions about its contribution to respiratory illness. In this study, a total of 525 respiratory specimens, collected in Canada primarily during the winter months of 2001–2002, were tested for HCoV-NL63; 19 tested positive for HCoV-NL63, demonstrating virus activity during January–March 2002. Patients with HCoV-NL63 were 1 month-100 years old (median age, 37 years). The main clinical presentations were fever (15/19), sore throat (5/19), and cough (9/19), and 4 patients were hospitalized. These results provide evidence for the worldwide distribution of HCoV-NL63.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>3.686</score><pdfWordCount>2582</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>16688</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>4</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>612 x 792 pts (letter)</pdfPageSize><pdfWordsPerPage>646</pdfWordsPerPage><pdfText>true</pdfText><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>92</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>648</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>0</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Human Coronavirus NL63 Infection in Canada</title><pmid><json:string>15655772</json:string></pmid><genre><json:string>brief-communication</json:string></genre><host><title>The Journal of Infectious Diseases</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><issn><json:string>0022-1899</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1537-6613</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>jid</json:string></publisherId><volume>191</volume><issue>4</issue><pages><first>503</first><last>506</last></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>January–March 2002</json:string><json:string>2005</json:string><json:string>2001</json:string><json:string>2002</json:string><json:string>2003</json:string><json:string>January–April 2001</json:string></date><geogName></geogName><orgName><json:string>Health Science Center, Halifax</json:string><json:string>National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health</json:string><json:string>Provincial Laboratory, Saskatchewan Health, Regina, Saskatchewan</json:string><json:string>Editorial Board of Respiratory Disease in Canada</json:string><json:string>Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg</json:string><json:string>National Microbiology Laboratory</json:string><json:string>World Health Organization, Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName><json:string>Queen Elizabeth</json:string><json:string>Nova Scotia</json:string><json:string>Todd Hatchette</json:string><json:string>Doug Milley</json:string><json:string>Status</json:string><json:string>Netherlands</json:string><json:string>Paul Van Caeseele</json:string><json:string>Ken Brandt</json:string><json:string>Yan Li</json:string><json:string>Laura Hart</json:string><json:string>Elise C. Weiss</json:string></persName><placeName><json:string>Winnipeg</json:string><json:string>Canada</json:string><json:string>America</json:string><json:string>Netherlands</json:string></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>[8]</json:string><json:string>[1]</json:string><json:string>[10]</json:string><json:string>van der Hoek et al.</json:string><json:string>van der Hoek et al. [2]</json:string><json:string>[3]</json:string><json:string>National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health, 1015</json:string><json:string>[7]</json:string><json:string>[9]</json:string><json:string>[2]</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/HXZ-95CWXD8G-D</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - science</json:string><json:string>2 - microbiology</json:string><json:string>2 - infectious diseases</json:string><json:string>2 - immunology</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - health sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - biomedical research</json:string><json:string>3 - microbiology</json:string></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Medicine</json:string><json:string>3 - Infectious Diseases</json:string><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Medicine</json:string><json:string>3 - Immunology and Allergy</json:string></scopus><inist><json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string><json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string><json:string>3 - sciences medicales</json:string><json:string>4 - pathologie infectieuse</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>2005</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2005</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1086/426869</json:string></doi><id>7C99A03A1952A75E33D970F4ECF26AF3DF5973EF</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/HXZ-95CWXD8G-D/fulltext.pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/HXZ-95CWXD8G-D/bundle.zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/HXZ-95CWXD8G-D/fulltext.tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main">Human Coronavirus NL63 Infection in Canada</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>The University of Chicago Press</publisher><availability><licence>© 2005 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America</licence></availability><date type="Copyright" when="2005">2005</date><date type="published">2005</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" source="brief-report" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-S9SX2MFS-0">brief-communication</note><note type="publication-type" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="brief-report"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Human Coronavirus NL63 Infection in Canada</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><surname>Bastien</surname><forename type="first">Nathalie</forename></persName><affiliation><orgName type="institution">National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health</orgName><address><addrLine>Winnipeg</addrLine></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><surname>Anderson</surname><forename type="first">Kelly</forename></persName><affiliation><orgName type="institution">National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health</orgName><address><addrLine>Winnipeg</addrLine></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><surname>Hart</surname><forename type="first">Laura</forename></persName><affiliation><orgName type="institution">National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health</orgName><address><addrLine>Winnipeg</addrLine></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><surname>Caeseele</surname><forename type="first">Paul Van</forename></persName><affiliation><orgName type="institution">Cadham Provincial Laboratory</orgName><address><addrLine>Winnipeg</addrLine></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><surname>Brandt</surname><forename type="first">Ken</forename></persName><affiliation><orgName type="institution">Provincial Laboratory, Saskatchewan Health</orgName><address><addrLine>Regina, Saskatchewan</addrLine></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><surname>Milley</surname><forename type="first">Doug</forename></persName><affiliation><orgName type="institution">Cadham Provincial Laboratory</orgName><address><addrLine>Winnipeg</addrLine></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0006"><persName><surname>Hatchette</surname><forename type="first">Todd</forename><genName>III</genName></persName><affiliation><orgName type="institution">Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Center</orgName><address><addrLine>Halifax, Nova Scotia</addrLine></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0007"><persName><surname>Weiss</surname><forename type="first">Elise C.</forename></persName><affiliation><orgName type="institution">Manitoba Health, Brandon</orgName><address><addrLine>Manitoba</addrLine><country key="CA" xml:lang="en">CANADA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0008" role="corresp"><persName><surname>Li</surname><forename type="first">Yan</forename></persName><affiliation><orgName type="institution">National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health</orgName><address><addrLine>Winnipeg</addrLine></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">7C99A03A1952A75E33D970F4ECF26AF3DF5973EF</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/HXZ-95CWXD8G-D</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1086/426869</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">The Journal of Infectious Diseases</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">The Journal of Infectious Diseases</title><idno type="hwp">jinfdis</idno><idno type="publisher-id">jid</idno><idno type="pISSN">0022-1899</idno><idno type="eISSN">1537-6613</idno><imprint><publisher>The University of Chicago Press</publisher><date type="published">2005</date><biblScope unit="vol">191</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="503">503</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="506">506</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><encodingDesc><schemaRef type="ODD" url="https://xml-schema.delivery.istex.fr/tei-istex.odd"></schemaRef><appInfo><application ident="pub2tei" version="1.0.41" when="2020-04-06"><label>pub2TEI-ISTEX</label><desc>A set of style sheets for converting XML documents encoded in various scientific publisher formats into a common TEI format.
<ref target="http://www.tei-c.org/">We use TEI</ref></desc></application></appInfo></encodingDesc><profileDesc><abstract><p>The isolation of human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) in The Netherlands raised questions about its contribution to respiratory illness. In this study, a total of 525 respiratory specimens, collected in Canada primarily during the winter months of 2001–2002, were tested for HCoV-NL63; 19 tested positive for HCoV-NL63, demonstrating virus activity during January–March 2002. Patients with HCoV-NL63 were 1 month-100 years old (median age, 37 years). The main clinical presentations were fever (15/19), sore throat (5/19), and cough (9/19), and 4 patients were hospitalized. These results provide evidence for the worldwide distribution of HCoV-NL63.</p></abstract><textClass ana="subject"><keywords scheme="heading"><term>Major Articles and Brief Reports</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="EN"></language></langUsage></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2020-04-06" who="#istex" xml:id="pub2tei">formatting</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/HXZ-95CWXD8G-D/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus oup, element #text not found" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" URI="journalpublishing.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article article-type="brief-report">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">jinfdis</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jid</journal-id>
<journal-title>The Journal of Infectious Diseases</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>The Journal of Infectious Diseases</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0022-1899</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1537-6613</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>The University of Chicago Press</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1086/426869</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Major Articles and Brief Reports</subject>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Viruses</subject>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Brief Reports</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Human Coronavirus NL63 Infection in Canada</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Bastien</surname><given-names>Nathalie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Anderson</surname><given-names>Kelly</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Hart</surname><given-names>Laura</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Caeseele</surname><given-names>Paul Van</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Brandt</surname><given-names>Ken</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Milley</surname><given-names>Doug</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Hatchette</surname><given-names>Todd</given-names><suffix>III</suffix></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Weiss</surname><given-names>Elise C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
<name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Yan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"></xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><institution>National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health</institution>, <addr-line>Winnipeg</addr-line></aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><institution>Cadham Provincial Laboratory</institution>, <addr-line>Winnipeg</addr-line></aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><institution>Provincial Laboratory, Saskatchewan Health</institution>, <addr-line>Regina, Saskatchewan</addr-line></aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label>4</label><institution>Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Center</institution>, <addr-line>Halifax, Nova Scotia</addr-line></aff>
<aff id="aff5"><label>5</label><institution>Manitoba Health, Brandon</institution>, <addr-line>Manitoba</addr-line>, <country>Canada</country></aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1">Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Yan Li, <institution>National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health</institution>, <addr-line>1015 Arlington St., Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2</addr-line>, <country>Canada</country> (<email>yan_li@phac-aspc.gc.ca</email>).</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<day>15</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>191</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>503</fpage>
<lpage>506</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>13</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2004</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>9</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2004</year>
</date>
</history>
<copyright-statement>© 2005 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2005</copyright-year>
<abstract>
<p>The isolation of human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) in The Netherlands raised questions about its contribution to respiratory illness. In this study, a total of 525 respiratory specimens, collected in Canada primarily during the winter months of 2001–2002, were tested for HCoV-NL63; 19 tested positive for HCoV-NL63, demonstrating virus activity during January–March 2002. Patients with HCoV-NL63 were 1 month-100 years old (median age, 37 years). The main clinical presentations were fever (15/19), sore throat (5/19), and cough (9/19), and 4 patients were hospitalized. These results provide evidence for the worldwide distribution of HCoV-NL63.</p></abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<p>Viral respiratory diseases are a major health problem and represent the leading cause of death due to infectious disease in Canada [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib1">1</xref>]. They affect people of all ages and exert a great economic impact on the health-care system. The viruses most frequently associated with respiratory-tract infections include rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial viruses (RSVs), adenoviruses, and the recently identified human metapneumovirus (hMPV). However, the etiological agents for a large number of respiratory infections remain unknown. A new human coronavirus, NL63 (HCoV-NL63), has been discovered in The Netherlands [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib2">2</xref>]. The virus was identified in clinical specimens from both infants and adults suffering from respiratory-tract illnesses [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib2">2</xref>]. Other HCoVs have been associated with respiratory illnesses. In certain populations, the most common HCoVs, HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43, are responsible for up to 30% of the common-cold syndrome [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib3">3</xref>]. However, several studies have found that these viruses are associated with more-severe respiratory infections [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib4">4</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib7">7</xref>]. A novel coronavirus, HCoV-SARS, has been associated with severe atypical pneumonia and caused 774 deaths worldwide during November 2002-July 2003 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib8">8</xref>]. Coronaviruses are divided into 3 serotypes, on the basis of both their host range and their genome sequence. Group 1 and 2 viruses are mammalian coronaviruses and include HCoV-229 and HCoV-OC43, respectively, whereas group 3 consists of avian coronaviruses. HCoV-SARS does not closely resemble viruses in any of the 3 known groups of coronaviruses. Analyses of the complete genome sequence of HCoV-NL63 have revealed that the virus is a new group 1 coronavirus that is closely related to HCoV-229 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib2">2</xref>]. The relative importance of HCoV-NL63 in viral respiratory-tract illnesses is still not known. In the present study, we retrospectively looked for the presence of HCoV-NL63 in Canadian patients suffering from acute respiratory-tract infection (ARI) during the winter months of 2001–2002, to assess the impact that HCoVNL63 infections have on ARI and to describe the presenting signs and symptoms of the ARI caused by this virus.</p>
<p>Materials and methods. Primers used for amplification and sequencing were based on the published HCoV-NL63 genome sequence [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib2">2</xref>]. Two nested sets of primers, described by van der Hoek et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib2">2</xref>], were used in this study. The primer set based on the 1b gene—primers repSZ-1f-(15973) (5′-GTGATGCATATGCTAATTTG- 3), repSZ-3r-(16210) (5′-CTCTTGCAGGTATAATCCTA- 3′), repSZ-2f-(16012) (5′-TTGGTAAACAAAAGATAACT- 3′), and repSZ-4r-(16181) (5′-TCAATGCTATAAACAGTCAT- 3′)—were used for diagnosis; the primer set based on the 1a gene—primers SS5852-5Pf-(5777) (5′-CTTTTGATAACGGTCACTATG- 3′), P4G1M-5-3Pr-(6616) (5′-CTCATTACATAAAACATCAAACGG- 3′), P3E2-5Pf-(5788) (5′-GGTCACTATGTAGTTTATGATG- 3′), and SS6375-3Pr-(6313) (5′-GGTCACTATGTAGTTTATGATG- 3′)—were used for confirmatory purposes and sequence analysis. The primers used for amplification of the RNase P housekeeping gene were based on the published sequences (GenBank accession number NM_006413) 5′-AGATTTGGACCTGCGAGCG- 3′ (forward primer) and 5′-GAGCGGCTGTCTCCACAAGT- 3′ (reverse primer).</p>
<p>Viral RNA was extracted from 100 μL of either original samples or tissue-culture fluid, by use of the RNeasy Mini Kit (QIAGEN). Viral RNA was amplified by use of a 1-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) kit (QIAGEN), according to the manufacturer's recommendations. In brief, 5 μL of RNA was added to the RT-PCR mixture, which contained 2 μL of QIAGEN OneStep RT-PCR enzyme mix, 10 μL of 5x QIAGEN OneStep RT-PCR buffer, 400 μmol/L dNTP, 0.6 μmol/L of each primer, and 10 μL of Q-solution, in a final volume of 50 μL. The thermocycler conditions used were 30 min at 50°C, for reverse transcription; 15 min at 95°C, for the activation of the HotStart DNA polymerase; 35 cycles of 1 min at 95°C, 1 min at 55°C, and 2 min at 72°C; and an extension for 10 min at 72°C. Five microliters of the RT-PCR reaction was added to the nested PCR mixture, which contained 5 μL of 10x <italic>Taq</italic> polymerase buffer, 200 μmol/L dNTP, 0.5 μmol/L of each primer, and 5 U of <italic>Taq</italic> polymerase (Sigma). The thermocycler conditions used for the nested PCR were 5 min at 95°C; 40 cycles of 1 min at 95°C, 1 min at 55°C, and 2 min at 72°C; and an extension for 10 min at 72°C. The PCR products were purified by use of a QIAquick PCR purification kit (QIAGEN) and were sequenced on an ABI 377 Sequencer, by use of a fluorescent dye-terminator kit (Applied Biosystems). The DNA sequences were assembled and analyzed with the Seqman, Editseq, and Megalign programs in the Lasergene suite (DNASTAR). Phylogenetic trees were generated by the neighbor- joining method using the MEGA program [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib9">9</xref>].</p>
<p>To monitor the efficiency of nucleic-acid extraction, each sample was also tested for the presence of the RNase P housekeeping gene by use of a 1-step RT-PCR kit under the following conditions: 30 min at 50°C, for reverse transcription; 15 min at 95°C, for the activation of the HotStart DNA polymerase; 50 cycles of 15 s at 94°C, 30 s at 50°C, and 30 s at 72°C; and an extension for 7 min at 72°C. Of the 525 specimens tested, all were positive for the RNase P gene.</p>
<p>The HCoV-NL63 sequences described in the present study have been deposited in GenBank, under accession numbers AY675541-AY675553.</p>
<p><bold><italic>Results.</italic></bold> The National Microbiology Laboratory received a total of 525 specimens collected from patients with ARI, from provincial public health laboratories in Manitoba (377 specimens), Saskatchewan (104 specimens), and Nova Scotia (44 specimens). These representative specimens were selected to be negative for (1) influenza viruses A and B; (2) parainfluenza virus (PIV) 1, 2, and 3; (3) adenovirus; and (4) RSV, by direct or indirect fluorescence assays and/or virus isolation, and to be negative for hMPV, by RT-PCR. The specimens were collected during January-April 2001 (185 specimens), October 2001 (30 specimens), and January 2002-April 2002 (302 specimens); the collection date for 8 specimens was unknown. Specimens analyzed included 276 samples from throat swabs, 92 from nasopharyngeal swabs, 72 from nasal aspirations, 20 from nasal swabs, 10 from lung-tissue biopsies, 17 from tracheal aspirations, 5 from bronchoalveolar lavages, 8 from pharyngeal swabs, 3 from throat washes, and 22 other, miscellaneous specimens from the respiratory system.</p>
<p>Of the 525 specimens tested, 19 (3.6%) were positive, by RT-PCR, for HCoV-NL63, and they were from all 3 provinces: 13 (68%) from Manitoba, 4 (21%) from Saskatchewan, and 2 (11%) from Nova Scotia. HCoV-NL63 activity was found during January (4 specimens [21%]), February (2 specimens [11%]), and March (13 specimens [68%]) 2002 and subsided during late spring; in contrast, no specimens positive for HCoV-NL63 were retrieved for the same period during 2001. The sex distribution of these 19 specimens was 68% (13) male and 32% (6) female (<xref ref-type="table" rid="F2">table 1</xref>). Patients with HCoV-NL63 were 1 month-100 years old (median age, 37 years). The proportion of positive specimens was significantly higher in the 0-5-year-old age group than in the <5-year-old age group (table 1) (8/110 vs. 11/402; <italic>P</italic> = .05). Seven patients from the <50-year-old age group were involved in an outbreak of ARI in a personal-care home in Manitoba (<xref ref-type="table" rid="F2">table 1</xref>). HCoV-NL63 was found in 7 of the 8 patients from this outbreak whose samples were analyzed in this study.</p>
<p>For 16 of the 19 patients positive for HCoV-NL63, information on symptoms was available from medical files; the main clinical presentations reported were fever (15 patients [79%]), sore throat (5 patients [26%]), and cough (9 patients [47%]) (table 1). Other observed symptoms included bronchiolitis (2 patients), rhinitis (1 patient), and lymphadenitis (1 patient), and 2 patients died—1 because of unrelated causes (this patient, a male infant, was smothered) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="F2">table 1</xref>). Of the 4 patients (21%) with HCoV-NL63 who were hospitalized, 3 (75%) were in the 0-5-year-old age group, and 1 was in the <50-year-old age group (<xref ref-type="table" rid="F2">table 1</xref>).</p>
<p>For 13 of the 19 specimens positive for HCoV-NL63, nucleotide sequences were determined for nucleotides 5856–6280 of the 1a gene. Comparison of these sequences with those published for Dutch isolates of HCoV-NL63 showed that the 1a genes were relatively well conserved, with 98.1%–100% nucleicacid identity between specimens. The phylogenetic tree of the HCoV-NL63 isolates showed the existence of 2 major groups or clusters that contained both Canadian and Dutch strains of HCoV-NL63 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">figure 1</xref>). Similar Canadian HCoV-NL63 strains were isolated from adults and children in all 3 provinces and during different outbreaks. Strains isolated from the outbreak of ARI in a personal-care home in Manitoba were grouped together into cluster 2.</p>
<p><bold><italic>Discussion.</italic></bold> Although, in a study like this one, the inclusion of a control group of healthy individuals is necessary to clearly demonstrate a causal relationship, the detection of HCoV-NL63 in respiratory-tract specimens from patients suffering from ARI of unknown causes strongly suggests that it is associated with respiratory illness. This finding supports the association, found by van der Hoek et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib2">2</xref>], of HCoV-NL63 with ARI. It also demonstrates for the first time that HCoV-NL63 was present in several Canadian provinces during the 2002 winter season, suggesting that HCoV-NL63 may be circulating worldwide.We detected the presence of HCoV-NL63 in 19 (3.6%) of the 525 analyzed specimens that were negative for (1) influenza viruses A and B; (2) PIV 1, 2, and 3; (3) adenovirus; (4) RSV; and (5) hMPV; and these results provide further evidence of the contribution of HCoV-NL63 to ARI—and of the significant burden that it therefore may present to health-care systems. For the time period that was analyzed in the present study, peak activity of HCoV-NL63 was found to occur during January–March 2002. Although sampling occurred only during the winter season (October–April), our results are consistent with van der Hoek et al.'s [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib2">2</xref>] finding that HCoV-NL63 appears to be transmitted predominantly during the winter season. Other HCoVs, as well as influenza and RSV, which are involved in a substantial number of hospitalizations for ARI, were also shown to be present in patients with ARI during that time of the year [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib7">7</xref>]. The clinical symptoms associated with HCoV-NL63 infection are also comparable to those observed to be associated with influenza, RSV, and other HCoVs, making it impossible, at least on the basis of seasonality and clinical manifestations, to differentiate between these viral infections. Previous estimates of the contributions of RSV and other etiological agents to ARI based on these parameters may have been biased because the involvement of other new respiratory viruses such as hMPV and HCoV-NL63 were overlooked [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib10">10</xref>]. Thus, the systematic detection of HCoV-NL63 in respiratory specimens may improve the understanding of the etiology of ARI; however, the possibility of dual infection cannot be excluded, because the present study utilized samples from patients with ARI who were tested—and found to be negative—for only (1) influenza viruses A and B; (2) PIV 1, 2, and 3; (3) adenovirus; (4) RSV; and (5) hMPV. Nor can it be ruled out that HCoV-NL63 can exist asymptomatically in an individual, because samples from healthy individuals were not included. In addition, the present study provides evidence that HCoV-NL63 may have been associated with an outbreak of ARI in a personal-care home. All hospitalizations occurred in the 0-5-year-old and <50-year-old age groups, which suggests that, like the other HCoVs and RSV, HCoV-NL63 may cause more-severe ARI in frail patients, such as infants and the elderly, than in other patients [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib4">4</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib6">6</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib11">11</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib13">13</xref>].</p>
<p>Phylogenetic analysis based on the 1a gene confirms previously published results and shows the presence of viruses with different molecular markers [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib2">2</xref>]. The increased number of isolates detected provides further evidence of genetic diversity and the presence of 2 genetic clusters. Close clustering of HCoV-NL63 isolates recovered from different Canadian provinces and fromThe Netherlands suggests that the evolutionary pattern of HCoV-NL63 does not presently correlate with geographic location.</p>
<p>In summary, our data suggest that HCoV-NL63 may play a significant role in ARI, especially in young children and the elderly. More-comprehensive studies, which would include data on prevalence, risk factors, and use of health services, are necessary to determine both the importance of HCoV-NL63 in ARI and its impact on the health-care system.</p>
</body>
<back>
<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="bib1">
<label>1.</label>
<nlm-citation citation-type="web">
<collab>Editorial Board of Respiratory Disease in Canada</collab>
<source>Respiratory disease in Canada. Ottawa, Ontario: Health Canada</source>
<year>2001</year>
<access-date>Accessed 4 November 2003</access-date>
<comment><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/pphb-dgspsp/">http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/pphb-dgspsp/</ext-link></comment>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bib2">
<label>2.</label>
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>van</surname><given-names>der Hoek L</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Pyrc</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Jebbink</surname><given-names>MF</given-names></name>
<etal></etal></person-group>
<article-title>Identification of a new human coronavirus</article-title>
<source>Nat Med</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<fpage>368</fpage>
<lpage>73</lpage>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bib3">
<label>3.</label>
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Holmes</surname><given-names>KV</given-names></name>
</person-group>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name><surname>Knipe</surname><given-names>DL</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Howley</surname><given-names>PM</given-names></name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Coronavirus</article-title>
<source>Fields virology. 4th ed. Vol 1</source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc>Philadelphia</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</publisher-name>
<fpage>1187</fpage>
<lpage>204</lpage>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bib4">
<label>4.</label>
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>El</surname><given-names>Sahly HM</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Atmar</surname><given-names>RL</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Glezen</surname><given-names>WP</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Greenberg</surname><given-names>SB</given-names></name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Spectrum of clinical illness in hospitalized patients with “common cold” virus infections</article-title>
<source>Clin Infect Dis</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<fpage>96</fpage>
<lpage>100</lpage>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bib5">
<label>5.</label>
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Falsey</surname><given-names>AR</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Walsh</surname><given-names>EE</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Hayden</surname><given-names>FG</given-names></name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Rhinovirus and coronavirus infection- associated hospitalizations among older adults</article-title>
<source>J Infect Dis</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>185</volume>
<fpage>1338</fpage>
<lpage>41</lpage>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bib6">
<label>6.</label>
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Glezen</surname><given-names>WP</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Greenberg</surname><given-names>SB</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Atmar</surname><given-names>RL</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Piedra</surname><given-names>PA</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Couch</surname><given-names>RB</given-names></name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Impact of respiratory virus infections on persons with chronic underlying conditions</article-title>
<source>JAMA</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>283</volume>
<fpage>499</fpage>
<lpage>505</lpage>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bib7">
<label>7.</label>
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Vabret</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Mourez</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Gouarin</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Petitjean</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Freymuth</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name>
</person-group>
<article-title>An outbreak of coronavirus OC43 respiratory infection in Normandy, France</article-title>
<source>Clin Infect Dis</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<fpage>985</fpage>
<lpage>9</lpage>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bib8">
<label>8.</label>
<nlm-citation citation-type="web">
<collab>World Health Organization, Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response</collab>
<source>Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003. Geneva: WHO</source>
<year>2003</year>
<access-date>Accessed 4 November 2003</access-date>
<comment><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2004_04_21/en/">http://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2004_04_21/en/</ext-link></comment>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bib9">
<label>9.</label>
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Kumar</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Tamura</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Jakobsen</surname><given-names>IB</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Nei</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name>
</person-group>
<article-title>MEGA2: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software</article-title>
<source>Bioinformatics</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<fpage>1244</fpage>
<lpage>5</lpage>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bib10">
<label>10.</label>
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Muller-Pebody</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Edmunds</surname><given-names>WJ</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Zambon</surname><given-names>MC</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Gay</surname><given-names>NJ</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Crowcroft</surname><given-names>NS</given-names></name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Contribution of RSV to bronchiolitis and pneumonia-associated hospitalizations in English children, April 1995–March 1998</article-title>
<source>Epidemiol Infect</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>129</volume>
<fpage>99</fpage>
<lpage>106</lpage>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bib11">
<label>11.</label>
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Collins</surname><given-names>PL</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Chanock</surname><given-names>RM</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Murphy</surname><given-names>BR</given-names></name>
</person-group>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name><surname>Knipe</surname><given-names>DL</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Howley</surname><given-names>PM</given-names></name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Respiratory syncytial virus</article-title>
<source>Fields virology. 4th ed. Vol 1</source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc>Philadelphia</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</publisher-name>
<fpage>1443</fpage>
<lpage>86</lpage>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bib12">
<label>12.</label>
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>McIntosh</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Chao</surname><given-names>RK</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Krause</surname><given-names>HE</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Wasil</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Mocega</surname><given-names>HE</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Mufson</surname><given-names>MA</given-names></name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Coronavirus infection in acute lower respiratory tract disease of infants</article-title>
<source>J Infect Dis</source>
<year>1974</year>
<volume>130</volume>
<fpage>502</fpage>
<lpage>7</lpage>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bib13">
<label>13.</label>
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Pene</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Merlat</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Vabret</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>
<etal></etal></person-group>
<article-title>Coronavirus 229E-related pneumonia in immunocompromised patients</article-title>
<source>Clin Infect Dis</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<fpage>929</fpage>
<lpage>32</lpage>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
<sec sec-type="display-objects">
<title>Figures and Tables</title>
<fig id="F1" position="float">
<label><bold>Figure 1.</bold></label>
<caption><p>Phylogenetic analysis of human coronavirus NL 63 (HCoV-NL63) isolates. Genetic sequences were determined for nucleotides 5856–6280 of the 1a gene. The corresponding sequences from previously reported Dutch HCoV-NL63 isolates were also included. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by use of the neighbor-joining method of the MEGA program. The Dutch reference strain is designated by “HCoV-NL63,” and the Dutch isolates are designated by “NDL” followed by an isolate number (i.e., NDL-246). The isolates detected in the present study are designated in terms of specimen number and the (2-digit) year of detection (i.e., 140-02).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" xlink:href="191-4-503-fig001.tif"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="F2" position="float">
<label><bold>Table 1.</bold></label>
<caption><p>Data from medical files of patients infected with human coronavirus NL63.</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" xlink:href="191-4-503-tab001.tif"></graphic>
</fig>
</sec>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
<p>Financial support: Health Canada.</p>
</fn>
</fn-group>
</back>
</article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Human Coronavirus NL63 Infection in Canada</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Human Coronavirus NL63 Infection in Canada</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Nathalie</namePart><namePart type="family">Bastien</namePart><affiliation>National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Kelly</namePart><namePart type="family">Anderson</namePart><affiliation>National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Laura</namePart><namePart type="family">Hart</namePart><affiliation>National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Paul Van</namePart><namePart type="family">Caeseele</namePart><affiliation>Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ken</namePart><namePart type="family">Brandt</namePart><affiliation>Provincial Laboratory, Saskatchewan Health, Regina, Saskatchewan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Doug</namePart><namePart type="family">Milley</namePart><affiliation>Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Todd</namePart><namePart type="family">Hatchette</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">III</namePart><affiliation>Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Center, Halifax, Nova Scotia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Elise C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Weiss</namePart><affiliation>Manitoba Health, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal" displayLabel="corresp"><namePart type="given">Yan</namePart><namePart type="family">Li</namePart><affiliation>National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: yan_li@phac-aspc.gc.ca</affiliation><affiliation>Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Yan Li, National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health, 1015 Arlington St., Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada (yan_li@phac-aspc.gc.ca).</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="brief-communication" displayLabel="brief-report" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-S9SX2MFS-0">brief-communication</genre><originInfo><publisher>The University of Chicago Press</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2005-02-15</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2004-08-09</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2005</copyrightDate></originInfo><abstract>The isolation of human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) in The Netherlands raised questions about its contribution to respiratory illness. In this study, a total of 525 respiratory specimens, collected in Canada primarily during the winter months of 2001–2002, were tested for HCoV-NL63; 19 tested positive for HCoV-NL63, demonstrating virus activity during January–March 2002. Patients with HCoV-NL63 were 1 month-100 years old (median age, 37 years). The main clinical presentations were fever (15/19), sore throat (5/19), and cough (9/19), and 4 patients were hospitalized. These results provide evidence for the worldwide distribution of HCoV-NL63.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The Journal of Infectious Diseases</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>The Journal of Infectious Diseases</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0022-1899</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1537-6613</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">jid</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">jinfdis</identifier><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>191</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>503</start><end>506</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="bib1"><titleInfo><title></title></titleInfo><name type="corporate"><namePart>Editorial Board of Respiratory Disease in Canada</namePart></name><genre>web</genre><note>http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/pphb-dgspsp/</note><note>Editorial Board of Respiratory Disease in Canada Respiratory disease in Canada. Ottawa, Ontario: Health Canada 2001 Accessed 4 November 2003 http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/pphb-dgspsp/</note><part><date>2001</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="bib2"><titleInfo><title>Identification of a new human coronavirus</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">der Hoek L</namePart><namePart type="family">van</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Pyrc</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MF</namePart><namePart type="family">Jebbink</namePart></name><genre>journal</genre><note>vander Hoek L PyrcK JebbinkMF Identification of a new human coronavirus Nat Med 2004 10 368 73</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Nat Med</title></titleInfo><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>10</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>368</start><end>73</end><list>368-73</list></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="bib3"><titleInfo><title>Coronavirus</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KV</namePart><namePart type="family">Holmes</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DL</namePart><namePart type="family">Knipe</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PM</namePart><namePart type="family">Howley</namePart></name><genre>book</genre><note>HolmesKV KnipeDL HowleyPM Coronavirus Fields virology. 4th ed. Vol 1 2001 Philadelphia Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 1187 204</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Fields virology. 4th ed. Vol 1</title></titleInfo><originInfo><publisher>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. </publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Philadelphia</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>2001</date><extent unit="pages"><start>1187</start><end>204</end><list>1187-204</list></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="bib4"><titleInfo><title>Spectrum of clinical illness in hospitalized patients with “common cold” virus infections</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Sahly HM</namePart><namePart type="family">El</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RL</namePart><namePart type="family">Atmar</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WP</namePart><namePart type="family">Glezen</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SB</namePart><namePart type="family">Greenberg</namePart></name><genre>journal</genre><note>ElSahly HM AtmarRL GlezenWP GreenbergSB Spectrum of clinical illness in hospitalized patients with “common cold” virus infections Clin Infect Dis 2000 31 96 100</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Clin Infect Dis</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>31</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>96</start><end>100</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="bib5"><titleInfo><title>Rhinovirus and coronavirus infection- associated hospitalizations among older adults</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AR</namePart><namePart type="family">Falsey</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EE</namePart><namePart type="family">Walsh</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">FG</namePart><namePart type="family">Hayden</namePart></name><genre>journal</genre><note>FalseyAR WalshEE HaydenFG Rhinovirus and coronavirus infection- associated hospitalizations among older adults J Infect Dis 2002 185 1338 41</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Infect Dis</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>185</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1338</start><end>41</end><list>1338-41</list></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="bib6"><titleInfo><title>Impact of respiratory virus infections on persons with chronic underlying conditions</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WP</namePart><namePart type="family">Glezen</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SB</namePart><namePart type="family">Greenberg</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RL</namePart><namePart type="family">Atmar</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PA</namePart><namePart type="family">Piedra</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RB</namePart><namePart type="family">Couch</namePart></name><genre>journal</genre><note>GlezenWP GreenbergSB AtmarRL PiedraPA CouchRB Impact of respiratory virus infections on persons with chronic underlying conditions JAMA 2000 283 499 505</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>JAMA</title></titleInfo><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>283</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>499</start><end>505</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="bib7"><titleInfo><title>An outbreak of coronavirus OC43 respiratory infection in Normandy, France</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Vabret</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Mourez</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Gouarin</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Petitjean</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Freymuth</namePart></name><genre>journal</genre><note>VabretA MourezT GouarinS PetitjeanJ FreymuthF An outbreak of coronavirus OC43 respiratory infection in Normandy, France Clin Infect Dis 2003 36 985 9</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Clin Infect Dis</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>36</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>985</start><end>9</end><list>985-9</list></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="bib8"><titleInfo><title></title></titleInfo><name type="corporate"><namePart>World Health Organization, Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response</namePart></name><genre>web</genre><note>http://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2004_04_21/en/</note><note>World Health Organization, Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003. Geneva: WHO 2003 Accessed 4 November 2003 http://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2004_04_21/en/</note><part><date>2003</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="bib9"><titleInfo><title>MEGA2: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Kumar</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Tamura</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">IB</namePart><namePart type="family">Jakobsen</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Nei</namePart></name><genre>journal</genre><note>KumarS TamuraK JakobsenIB NeiM MEGA2: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software Bioinformatics 2001 17 1244 5</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Bioinformatics</title></titleInfo><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>17</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1244</start><end>5</end><list>1244-5</list></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="bib10"><titleInfo><title>Contribution of RSV to bronchiolitis and pneumonia-associated hospitalizations in English children, April 1995–March 1998</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Muller-Pebody</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Edmunds</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MC</namePart><namePart type="family">Zambon</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Gay</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NS</namePart><namePart type="family">Crowcroft</namePart></name><genre>journal</genre><note>Muller-PebodyB EdmundsWJ ZambonMC GayNJ CrowcroftNS Contribution of RSV to bronchiolitis and pneumonia-associated hospitalizations in English children, April 1995–March 1998 Epidemiol Infect 2002 129 99 106</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Epidemiol Infect</title></titleInfo><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>129</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>99</start><end>106</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="bib11"><titleInfo><title>Respiratory syncytial virus</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PL</namePart><namePart type="family">Collins</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RM</namePart><namePart type="family">Chanock</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BR</namePart><namePart type="family">Murphy</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DL</namePart><namePart type="family">Knipe</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PM</namePart><namePart type="family">Howley</namePart></name><genre>book</genre><note>CollinsPL ChanockRM MurphyBR KnipeDL HowleyPM Respiratory syncytial virus Fields virology. 4th ed. Vol 1 2001 Philadelphia Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 1443 86</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Fields virology. 4th ed. Vol 1</title></titleInfo><originInfo><publisher>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. </publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Philadelphia</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>2001</date><extent unit="pages"><start>1443</start><end>86</end><list>1443-86</list></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="bib12"><titleInfo><title>Coronavirus infection in acute lower respiratory tract disease of infants</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">McIntosh</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RK</namePart><namePart type="family">Chao</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HE</namePart><namePart type="family">Krause</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Wasil</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HE</namePart><namePart type="family">Mocega</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MA</namePart><namePart type="family">Mufson</namePart></name><genre>journal</genre><note>McIntoshK ChaoRK KrauseHE WasilR MocegaHE MufsonMA Coronavirus infection in acute lower respiratory tract disease of infants J Infect Dis 1974 130 502 7</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Infect Dis</title></titleInfo><part><date>1974</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>130</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>502</start><end>7</end><list>502-7</list></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="bib13"><titleInfo><title>Coronavirus 229E-related pneumonia in immunocompromised patients</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Pene</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Merlat</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Vabret</namePart></name><genre>journal</genre><note>PeneF MerlatA VabretA Coronavirus 229E-related pneumonia in immunocompromised patients Clin Infect Dis 2003 37 929 32</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Clin Infect Dis</title></titleInfo><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>37</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>929</start><end>32</end><list>929-32</list></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">7C99A03A1952A75E33D970F4ECF26AF3DF5973EF</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/HXZ-95CWXD8G-D</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1086/426869</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2005 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-GTWS0RDP-M">oup</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Converted from (version 1.2.10) to MODS version 3.6.</recordOrigin><recordCreationDate encoding="w3cdtf">2020-04-17</recordCreationDate></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/HXZ-95CWXD8G-D/record.json</uri></json:item></metadata><covers><json:item><extension>tiff</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>image/tiff</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/7C99A03A1952A75E33D970F4ECF26AF3DF5973EF/covers/tiff</uri></json:item></covers><annexes><json:item><extension>gif</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>image/gif</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/HXZ-95CWXD8G-D/annexes.gif</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>jpeg</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>image/jpeg</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/HXZ-95CWXD8G-D/annexes.jpeg</uri></json:item></annexes><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/SrasV1/Data/Istex/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000991 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000991 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Sante
|area= SrasV1
|flux= Istex
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= ISTEX:7C99A03A1952A75E33D970F4ECF26AF3DF5973EF
|texte= Human Coronavirus NL63 Infection in Canada
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |