An initial investigation of the association between the SARS outbreak and weather: with the view of the environmental temperature and its variation
Identifieur interne : 000424 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000423; suivant : 000425An initial investigation of the association between the SARS outbreak and weather: with the view of the environmental temperature and its variation
Auteurs : Jianguo Tan ; Lina Mu ; Jiaxin Huang ; Shunzhang Yu ; Bingheng Chen ; Jun YinSource :
- Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health [ 0143-005X ] ; 2005-03.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Teeft :
- April, Average number, Beijing, Climatic possibility, Correlation coefficients, Cumulative deviation, Daily number, Daily numbers, Environmental factors, Environmental temperature, Epidemic curve, Epidemiol, Epidemiol community health, February, Further investigation, Guangdong province, Guangzhou, Hong kong, Incubation period, January, Long term, Maximum temperature, Maximum temperature index, Meteorological factors, Meteorological variables, Minimum temperature, Occurrence frequency, Outbreak, Peak period, Probable sars patients, Relative humidity, Respiratory syndrome, Sars, Sars cases, Sars epidemic, Sars onset, Sars outbreak, Sars outbreaks, Sars patients, Sars prevalence, Sars virus, Seasonal variation, Significant correlation, Simple correlation, Syndrome, Taiyuan, Time series distribution, Tmax.
Abstract
Objective: To understand the association between the SARS outbreak and the environmental temperature, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control measures against it. Methods: The daily numbers of the probable SARS patients and the daily meteorological factors during the SARS outbreak period in Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Beijing, and Taiyuan were used in the data analysis. Ecological analysis was conducted to explore the association between the daily numbers of probable SARS patients and the environmental temperature and its variations. Results: There was a significant correlation between the SARS cases and the environmental temperature seven days before the onset and the seven day time lag corresponds well with the known incubation period for SARS. The optimum environmental temperature associated with the SARS cases was between 16°C to 28°C, which may encourage virus growth. A sharp rise or decrease in the environmental temperature related to the cold spell led to an increase of the SARS cases because of the possible influence of the weather on the human immune system. This study provided some evidence that there is a higher possibility for SARS to reoccur in spring than that in autumn and winter. Conclusion: Current knowledge based on case studies of the SARS outbreak in the four cities suggested that the SARS outbreaks were significantly associated with the temperature and its variations. However, because the fallacy and the uncontrolled confounding effects might have biased the results, the possibility of other meteorological factors having an affect on the SARS outbreaks deserves further investigation.
Url:
DOI: 10.1136/jech.2004.020180
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:8F5A9A4509418C7C10BB3CF9551EAC60DD11A320Le document en format XML
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China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Shunzhang" sort="Yu, Shunzhang" uniqKey="Yu S" first="Shunzhang" last="Yu">Shunzhang Yu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Bingheng" sort="Chen, Bingheng" uniqKey="Chen B" first="Bingheng" last="Chen">Bingheng Chen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yin, Jun" sort="Yin, Jun" uniqKey="Yin J" first="Jun" last="Yin">Jun Yin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Shanghai Urban Environmental Meteorological Research Centre, Shanghai, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:8F5A9A4509418C7C10BB3CF9551EAC60DD11A320</idno><date when="2005" year="2005">2005</date><idno 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Meteorological Research Centre, Shanghai, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J Epidemiol Community Health</title><idno type="ISSN">0143-005X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1470-2738</idno><imprint><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2005-03">2005-03</date><biblScope unit="volume">59</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="186">186</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0143-005X</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0143-005X</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>severe acute respiratory syndrome</term><term>temperature</term><term>weather</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>April</term><term>Average number</term><term>Beijing</term><term>Climatic possibility</term><term>Correlation coefficients</term><term>Cumulative deviation</term><term>Daily number</term><term>Daily numbers</term><term>Environmental factors</term><term>Environmental temperature</term><term>Epidemic curve</term><term>Epidemiol</term><term>Epidemiol community health</term><term>February</term><term>Further investigation</term><term>Guangdong province</term><term>Guangzhou</term><term>Hong kong</term><term>Incubation period</term><term>January</term><term>Long term</term><term>Maximum temperature</term><term>Maximum temperature index</term><term>Meteorological factors</term><term>Meteorological variables</term><term>Minimum temperature</term><term>Occurrence frequency</term><term>Outbreak</term><term>Peak period</term><term>Probable sars patients</term><term>Relative humidity</term><term>Respiratory syndrome</term><term>Sars</term><term>Sars cases</term><term>Sars epidemic</term><term>Sars onset</term><term>Sars outbreak</term><term>Sars outbreaks</term><term>Sars patients</term><term>Sars prevalence</term><term>Sars virus</term><term>Seasonal variation</term><term>Significant correlation</term><term>Simple correlation</term><term>Syndrome</term><term>Taiyuan</term><term>Time series distribution</term><term>Tmax</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Objective: To understand the association between the SARS outbreak and the environmental temperature, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control measures against it. Methods: The daily numbers of the probable SARS patients and the daily meteorological factors during the SARS outbreak period in Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Beijing, and Taiyuan were used in the data analysis. Ecological analysis was conducted to explore the association between the daily numbers of probable SARS patients and the environmental temperature and its variations. Results: There was a significant correlation between the SARS cases and the environmental temperature seven days before the onset and the seven day time lag corresponds well with the known incubation period for SARS. The optimum environmental temperature associated with the SARS cases was between 16°C to 28°C, which may encourage virus growth. A sharp rise or decrease in the environmental temperature related to the cold spell led to an increase of the SARS cases because of the possible influence of the weather on the human immune system. This study provided some evidence that there is a higher possibility for SARS to reoccur in spring than that in autumn and winter. Conclusion: Current knowledge based on case studies of the SARS outbreak in the four cities suggested that the SARS outbreaks were significantly associated with the temperature and its variations. However, because the fallacy and the uncontrolled confounding effects might have biased the results, the possibility of other meteorological factors having an affect on the SARS outbreaks deserves further investigation.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>bmj</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>sars</json:string><json:string>sars outbreak</json:string><json:string>guangzhou</json:string><json:string>beijing</json:string><json:string>taiyuan</json:string><json:string>maximum temperature</json:string><json:string>sars patients</json:string><json:string>hong kong</json:string><json:string>sars cases</json:string><json:string>epidemiol</json:string><json:string>april</json:string><json:string>daily number</json:string><json:string>outbreak</json:string><json:string>january</json:string><json:string>tmax</json:string><json:string>february</json:string><json:string>environmental temperature</json:string><json:string>respiratory syndrome</json:string><json:string>cumulative deviation</json:string><json:string>sars prevalence</json:string><json:string>relative humidity</json:string><json:string>probable sars patients</json:string><json:string>epidemiol community health</json:string><json:string>sars epidemic</json:string><json:string>guangdong province</json:string><json:string>maximum temperature index</json:string><json:string>sars onset</json:string><json:string>sars virus</json:string><json:string>epidemic curve</json:string><json:string>correlation coefficients</json:string><json:string>minimum temperature</json:string><json:string>significant correlation</json:string><json:string>average number</json:string><json:string>time series distribution</json:string><json:string>environmental factors</json:string><json:string>further investigation</json:string><json:string>meteorological variables</json:string><json:string>simple correlation</json:string><json:string>occurrence frequency</json:string><json:string>daily numbers</json:string><json:string>peak period</json:string><json:string>seasonal variation</json:string><json:string>incubation period</json:string><json:string>long term</json:string><json:string>climatic possibility</json:string><json:string>sars outbreaks</json:string><json:string>meteorological factors</json:string><json:string>syndrome</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>Jianguo Tan</name><affiliations><json:string>Shanghai Urban Environmental Meteorological Research Centre, Shanghai, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Lina Mu</name><affiliations><json:string>School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jiaxin Huang</name><affiliations><json:string>Shanghai Urban Environmental Meteorological Research Centre, Shanghai, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Shunzhang Yu</name><affiliations><json:string>School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Bingheng Chen</name><affiliations><json:string>School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jun Yin</name><affiliations><json:string>Shanghai Urban Environmental Meteorological Research Centre, Shanghai, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>severe acute respiratory syndrome</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>weather</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>temperature</value></json:item></subject><arkIstex>ark:/67375/NVC-RSNNVMFM-Q</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>other</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Objective: To understand the association between the SARS outbreak and the environmental temperature, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control measures against it. Methods: The daily numbers of the probable SARS patients and the daily meteorological factors during the SARS outbreak period in Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Beijing, and Taiyuan were used in the data analysis. Ecological analysis was conducted to explore the association between the daily numbers of probable SARS patients and the environmental temperature and its variations. Results: There was a significant correlation between the SARS cases and the environmental temperature seven days before the onset and the seven day time lag corresponds well with the known incubation period for SARS. The optimum environmental temperature associated with the SARS cases was between 16°C to 28°C, which may encourage virus growth. A sharp rise or decrease in the environmental temperature related to the cold spell led to an increase of the SARS cases because of the possible influence of the weather on the human immune system. This study provided some evidence that there is a higher possibility for SARS to reoccur in spring than that in autumn and winter. Conclusion: Current knowledge based on case studies of the SARS outbreak in the four cities suggested that the SARS outbreaks were significantly associated with the temperature and its variations. 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Professor J Tan
Shanghai Urban Environmental Meteorological Research Centre, Puxi Road 166, Shanghai 200030, China; jianguot@21cn.com</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">An initial investigation of the association between the SARS outbreak and weather: with the view of the environmental temperature and its variation</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Jianguo</forename><surname>Tan</surname></persName><affiliation>Shanghai Urban Environmental Meteorological Research Centre, Shanghai, China</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Lina</forename><surname>Mu</surname></persName><affiliation>School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Jiaxin</forename><surname>Huang</surname></persName><affiliation>Shanghai Urban Environmental Meteorological Research Centre, Shanghai, China</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">Shunzhang</forename><surname>Yu</surname></persName><affiliation>School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">Bingheng</forename><surname>Chen</surname></persName><affiliation>School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">Jun</forename><surname>Yin</surname></persName><affiliation>Shanghai Urban Environmental Meteorological Research Centre, Shanghai, China</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">8F5A9A4509418C7C10BB3CF9551EAC60DD11A320</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/NVC-RSNNVMFM-Q</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1136/jech.2004.020180</idno><idno type="href">jech-59-186.pdf</idno><idno type="PMID">15709076</idno><idno type="local">0590186</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J Epidemiol Community Health</title><idno type="pISSN">0143-005X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1470-2738</idno><idno type="PublisherID-hwp">jech</idno><idno type="PublisherID-nlm-ta">J Epidemiol Community Health</idno><imprint><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2005-03"></date><biblScope unit="volume">59</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="186">186</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2005-02-11</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: To understand the association between the SARS outbreak and the environmental temperature, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control measures against it. Methods: The daily numbers of the probable SARS patients and the daily meteorological factors during the SARS outbreak period in Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Beijing, and Taiyuan were used in the data analysis. Ecological analysis was conducted to explore the association between the daily numbers of probable SARS patients and the environmental temperature and its variations. Results: There was a significant correlation between the SARS cases and the environmental temperature seven days before the onset and the seven day time lag corresponds well with the known incubation period for SARS. The optimum environmental temperature associated with the SARS cases was between 16°C to 28°C, which may encourage virus growth. A sharp rise or decrease in the environmental temperature related to the cold spell led to an increase of the SARS cases because of the possible influence of the weather on the human immune system. This study provided some evidence that there is a higher possibility for SARS to reoccur in spring than that in autumn and winter. Conclusion: Current knowledge based on case studies of the SARS outbreak in the four cities suggested that the SARS outbreaks were significantly associated with the temperature and its variations. However, because the fallacy and the uncontrolled confounding effects might have biased the results, the possibility of other meteorological factors having an affect on the SARS outbreaks deserves further investigation.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>KWD</head><item><term>severe acute respiratory syndrome</term></item><item><term>weather</term></item><item><term>temperature</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2005-02-11">Created</change><change when="2005-03">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/NVC-RSNNVMFM-Q/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus bmj" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" URI="archivearticle.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article xml:lang="en" article-type="other"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">jech</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Epidemiol Community Health</journal-id><journal-title>Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">J Epidemiol Community Health</abbrev-journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0143-005X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1470-2738</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="other">0590186</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/jech.2004.020180</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">jech;59/3/186</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">15709076</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">186</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">jech.2004.020180</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Evidence based public health policy and practice</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>An initial investigation of the association between the SARS outbreak and weather: with the view of the environmental temperature and its variation</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tan</surname><given-names>Jianguo</given-names></name><xref rid="AFF1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mu</surname><given-names>Lina</given-names></name><xref rid="AFF2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>Jiaxin</given-names></name><xref rid="AFF1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yu</surname><given-names>Shunzhang</given-names></name><xref rid="AFF2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Bingheng</given-names></name><xref rid="AFF2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yin</surname><given-names>Jun</given-names></name><xref rid="AFF1">1</xref></contrib><aff id="AFF1"><label>1</label>Shanghai Urban Environmental Meteorological Research Centre, Shanghai, China</aff><aff id="AFF2"><label>2</label>School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp>Correspondence to:
Professor J Tan
Shanghai Urban Environmental Meteorological Research Centre, Puxi Road 166, Shanghai 200030, China; <ext-link xlink:href="jianguot21cn.com" ext-link-type="email" xlink:type="simple">jianguot@21cn.com</ext-link></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>3</month><year>2005</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>2</month><year>2005</year></pub-date><volume>59</volume><volume-id pub-id-type="other">59</volume-id><volume-id pub-id-type="other">59</volume-id><issue>3</issue><issue-id pub-id-type="other">jech;59/3</issue-id><issue-id pub-id-type="other">3</issue-id><issue-id pub-id-type="other">59/3</issue-id><fpage>186</fpage><history><date date-type="accepted"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2004</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright 2005 Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2005</copyright-year></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:role="full-text" xlink:href="jech-59-186.pdf"></self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Objective:</bold> To understand the association between the SARS outbreak and the environmental temperature, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control measures against it.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> The daily numbers of the probable SARS patients and the daily meteorological factors during the SARS outbreak period in Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Beijing, and Taiyuan were used in the data analysis. Ecological analysis was conducted to explore the association between the daily numbers of probable SARS patients and the environmental temperature and its variations.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> There was a significant correlation between the SARS cases and the environmental temperature seven days before the onset and the seven day time lag corresponds well with the known incubation period for SARS. The optimum environmental temperature associated with the SARS cases was between 16°C to 28°C, which may encourage virus growth. A sharp rise or decrease in the environmental temperature related to the cold spell led to an increase of the SARS cases because of the possible influence of the weather on the human immune system. This study provided some evidence that there is a higher possibility for SARS to reoccur in spring than that in autumn and winter.</p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> Current knowledge based on case studies of the SARS outbreak in the four cities suggested that the SARS outbreaks were significantly associated with the temperature and its variations. However, because the fallacy and the uncontrolled confounding effects might have biased the results, the possibility of other meteorological factors having an affect on the SARS outbreaks deserves further investigation.</p></abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="KWD" xml:lang="en"><kwd>severe acute respiratory syndrome</kwd><kwd>weather</kwd><kwd>temperature</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>An initial investigation of the association between the SARS outbreak and weather: with the view of the environmental temperature and its variation</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>An initial investigation of the association between the SARS outbreak and weather: with the view of the environmental temperature and its variation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jianguo</namePart><namePart type="family">Tan</namePart><affiliation>Shanghai Urban Environmental Meteorological Research Centre, Shanghai, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lina</namePart><namePart type="family">Mu</namePart><affiliation>School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jiaxin</namePart><namePart type="family">Huang</namePart><affiliation>Shanghai Urban Environmental Meteorological Research Centre, Shanghai, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Shunzhang</namePart><namePart type="family">Yu</namePart><affiliation>School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bingheng</namePart><namePart type="family">Chen</namePart><affiliation>School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jun</namePart><namePart type="family">Yin</namePart><affiliation>Shanghai Urban Environmental Meteorological Research Centre, Shanghai, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="other" displayLabel="other" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-7474895G-0">other</genre><originInfo><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2005-03</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2005-02-11</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2005</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><abstract lang="en">Objective: To understand the association between the SARS outbreak and the environmental temperature, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control measures against it. Methods: The daily numbers of the probable SARS patients and the daily meteorological factors during the SARS outbreak period in Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Beijing, and Taiyuan were used in the data analysis. Ecological analysis was conducted to explore the association between the daily numbers of probable SARS patients and the environmental temperature and its variations. Results: There was a significant correlation between the SARS cases and the environmental temperature seven days before the onset and the seven day time lag corresponds well with the known incubation period for SARS. The optimum environmental temperature associated with the SARS cases was between 16°C to 28°C, which may encourage virus growth. A sharp rise or decrease in the environmental temperature related to the cold spell led to an increase of the SARS cases because of the possible influence of the weather on the human immune system. This study provided some evidence that there is a higher possibility for SARS to reoccur in spring than that in autumn and winter. Conclusion: Current knowledge based on case studies of the SARS outbreak in the four cities suggested that the SARS outbreaks were significantly associated with the temperature and its variations. However, because the fallacy and the uncontrolled confounding effects might have biased the results, the possibility of other meteorological factors having an affect on the SARS outbreaks deserves further investigation.</abstract><note type="author-notes">Correspondence to:
Professor J Tan
Shanghai Urban Environmental Meteorological Research Centre, Puxi Road 166, Shanghai 200030, China; jianguot@21cn.com</note><subject lang="en"><genre>KWD</genre><topic>severe acute respiratory syndrome</topic><topic>weather</topic><topic>temperature</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J Epidemiol Community Health</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0143-005X</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1470-2738</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">jech</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-nlm-ta">J Epidemiol Community Health</identifier><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>59</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>186</start></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">8F5A9A4509418C7C10BB3CF9551EAC60DD11A320</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/NVC-RSNNVMFM-Q</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1136/jech.2004.020180</identifier><identifier type="href">jech-59-186.pdf</identifier><identifier type="PMID">15709076</identifier><identifier type="local">0590186</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright 2005 Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-7M42M2QJ-2">bmj</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Copyright 2005 Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/NVC-RSNNVMFM-Q/record.json</uri></json:item></metadata><annexes><json:item><extension>jpeg</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>image/jpeg</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/NVC-RSNNVMFM-Q/annexes.jpeg</uri></json:item></annexes><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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