Quantitative temporal‐spatial distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐associated coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) in post‐mortem tissues
Identifieur interne : 000420 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000419; suivant : 000421Quantitative temporal‐spatial distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐associated coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) in post‐mortem tissues
Auteurs : Julian W. Tang ; Ka-Fai To ; Anthony W. I. Lo ; Joseph J. Y. Sung ; H. K. Ng ; Paul K. S. ChanSource :
- Journal of Medical Virology [ 0146-6615 ] ; 2007-09.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Administrative region, Assay, Biopsy, Bowel, Cell culture, Chan, Chinese university, Coronavirus, Data point, Different organs, Different patient, Different patients, Ding, Farcas, Functional receptor, Gapdh, Hong kong, Infectious diseases, Lung liver right lung, Lung tissue, Noticeable drop, Pathol, Peiris, Postmortem, Psoas, Public health, Reaction volume, Receptor, Respiratory syndrome, Ribavirin, Sars, Sars coronavirus, Sars illness, Sars patients, Sarscov, Small bowel, Spleen, Syndrome, Tissue samples, Tropism, Viral, Viral load, Viral loads, Virol, Virus isolation, Wang, Wong, Zhang.
Abstract
Few post‐mortem studies have been performed on patients who have died from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). No studies have examined how the SARS‐associated coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) loads in different organs with respect to time, post‐mortem. The aim of this study was to determine the quantitative temporal‐spatial distribution of SARS‐CoV in the post‐mortem tissue samples of seven patients. Quantitation of a house‐keeping gene, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was undertaken to standardize the amount of tissue tested. SARS‐CoV viral load and SARS‐CoV/GAPDH RNA ratio for each organ type were related to four time durations: onset of illness to death, death to post‐mortem tissue sampling, and total durations of treatment with ribavirin and hydrocortisone. The SARS‐CoV/GAPDH RNA ratio remained relatively stable in most organ tissue types for all these time durations. The ratio reached the highest value of equal to or greater than one for lung and small bowel, whereas those for heart, liver, spleen, and kidney were always less than one. It is concluded that SARS‐CoV viral loads in these organs remain relatively stable, post‐mortem. This quantitative assessment further supports SARS‐CoV has a specific tropism for the human respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, which may be related to the density of SARS‐CoV receptors. J. Med. Virol. 79:1245–1253, 2007. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20873
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ISTEX:5A6D22AB111F66B9D05E0A145E0CF3A9A0494F21Le document en format XML
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Tang</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong SAR, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="To, Ka Ai" sort="To, Ka Ai" uniqKey="To K" first="Ka-Fai" last="To">Ka-Fai To</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong SAR, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lo, Anthony W I" sort="Lo, Anthony W I" uniqKey="Lo A" first="Anthony W. I." last="Lo">Anthony W. I. 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Lo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong SAR, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sung, Joseph J Y" sort="Sung, Joseph J Y" uniqKey="Sung J" first="Joseph J. Y." last="Sung">Joseph J. Y. Sung</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong SAR, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ng, H K" sort="Ng, H K" uniqKey="Ng H" first="H. K." last="Ng">H. K. Ng</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong SAR, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Paul K S" sort="Chan, Paul K S" uniqKey="Chan P" first="Paul K. S." last="Chan">Paul K. S. Chan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong SAR, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong SAR, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: paulkschan@cuhk.edu.hk</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Correspondence address: Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1/F, Clinical Science Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.===</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of Medical Virology</title><title level="j" type="alt">JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY</title><idno type="ISSN">0146-6615</idno><idno type="eISSN">1096-9071</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">79</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1245">1245</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1253">1253</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">9</biblScope><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2007-09">2007-09</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0146-6615</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0146-6615</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Administrative region</term><term>Assay</term><term>Biopsy</term><term>Bowel</term><term>Cell culture</term><term>Chan</term><term>Chinese university</term><term>Coronavirus</term><term>Data point</term><term>Different organs</term><term>Different patient</term><term>Different patients</term><term>Ding</term><term>Farcas</term><term>Functional receptor</term><term>Gapdh</term><term>Hong kong</term><term>Infectious diseases</term><term>Lung liver right lung</term><term>Lung tissue</term><term>Noticeable drop</term><term>Pathol</term><term>Peiris</term><term>Postmortem</term><term>Psoas</term><term>Public health</term><term>Reaction volume</term><term>Receptor</term><term>Respiratory syndrome</term><term>Ribavirin</term><term>Sars</term><term>Sars coronavirus</term><term>Sars illness</term><term>Sars patients</term><term>Sarscov</term><term>Small bowel</term><term>Spleen</term><term>Syndrome</term><term>Tissue samples</term><term>Tropism</term><term>Viral</term><term>Viral load</term><term>Viral loads</term><term>Virol</term><term>Virus isolation</term><term>Wang</term><term>Wong</term><term>Zhang</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Few post‐mortem studies have been performed on patients who have died from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). 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It is concluded that SARS‐CoV viral loads in these organs remain relatively stable, post‐mortem. This quantitative assessment further supports SARS‐CoV has a specific tropism for the human respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, which may be related to the density of SARS‐CoV receptors. J. Med. 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Tang</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong SAR, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ka‐Fai To</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong SAR, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Anthony W.I. Lo</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong SAR, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Joseph J.Y. Sung</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong SAR, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>H.K. Ng</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong SAR, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Paul K.S. Chan</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong SAR, China</json:string><json:string>Department of Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong SAR, China</json:string><json:string>E-mail: paulkschan@cuhk.edu.hk</json:string><json:string>Correspondence address: Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1/F, Clinical Science Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.===</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>coronavirus</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>post‐mortem</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>SARS</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>tropism</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>viral load</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>organ</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>JMV20873</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-SVRN6HR3-J</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Few post‐mortem studies have been performed on patients who have died from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). No studies have examined how the SARS‐associated coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) loads in different organs with respect to time, post‐mortem. The aim of this study was to determine the quantitative temporal‐spatial distribution of SARS‐CoV in the post‐mortem tissue samples of seven patients. Quantitation of a house‐keeping gene, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was undertaken to standardize the amount of tissue tested. SARS‐CoV viral load and SARS‐CoV/GAPDH RNA ratio for each organ type were related to four time durations: onset of illness to death, death to post‐mortem tissue sampling, and total durations of treatment with ribavirin and hydrocortisone. The SARS‐CoV/GAPDH RNA ratio remained relatively stable in most organ tissue types for all these time durations. The ratio reached the highest value of equal to or greater than one for lung and small bowel, whereas those for heart, liver, spleen, and kidney were always less than one. It is concluded that SARS‐CoV viral loads in these organs remain relatively stable, post‐mortem. This quantitative assessment further supports SARS‐CoV has a specific tropism for the human respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, which may be related to the density of SARS‐CoV receptors. J. Med. Virol. 79:1245–1253, 2007. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>9.484</score><pdfWordCount>6159</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>35572</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>9</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>594 x 792 pts</pdfPageSize><pdfWordsPerPage>684</pdfWordsPerPage><pdfText>true</pdfText><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>207</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>1413</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>6</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Quantitative temporal‐spatial distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐associated coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) in post‐mortem tissues</title><pmid><json:string>17607787</json:string></pmid><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><title>Journal of Medical Virology</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9071</json:string></doi><issn><json:string>0146-6615</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1096-9071</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>JMV</json:string></publisherId><volume>79</volume><issue>9</issue><pages><first>1245</first><last>1253</last><total>9</total></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><subject><json:item><value>Research Article</value></json:item></subject></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>31/3/3,11</json:string><json:string>4/4/3,11</json:string><json:string>10/3/3</json:string><json:string>30/4/3,11</json:string><json:string>13/3/3</json:string><json:string>16/3/3</json:string><json:string>4/4/3,16</json:string><json:string>23/4/3,4</json:string><json:string>24/3/3,00</json:string><json:string>5/3/3</json:string><json:string>21/3/3,21</json:string><json:string>8/3/3</json:string><json:string>8/4/3,11</json:string><json:string>20/2/3</json:string><json:string>19/3/3,04</json:string><json:string>28/3/3,11</json:string><json:string>2007</json:string><json:string>30/3/3,16</json:string><json:string>18/3/3,20</json:string><json:string>22/4/3</json:string><json:string>2003</json:string><json:string>25/3/3,11</json:string></date><geogName></geogName><orgName><json:string>HKU/UCH SARS Study Group</json:string><json:string>Lo Kwee Cheong Research Laboratory</json:string><json:string>Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China</json:string><json:string>Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong</json:string><json:string>The Chinese University</json:string><json:string>Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology</json:string><json:string>Department of Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong SAR, China Few</json:string><json:string>Wiley-Liss, Inc</json:string><json:string>LISS, INC.</json:string><json:string>Food Bureau of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName><json:string>J.Y. 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tissues</title><title level="a" type="short" xml:lang="en">SARS Postmortem Tissue Viral Load</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><availability><licence>Copyright © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</licence></availability><date type="published" when="2007-09"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Quantitative temporal‐spatial distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐associated coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) in post‐mortem tissues</title><title level="a" type="short" xml:lang="en">SARS Postmortem Tissue Viral Load</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Julian W.</forename><surname>Tang</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="department">Department of Microbiology</orgName><orgName type="department">School of Public Health</orgName><orgName type="department">Faculty of Medicine</orgName><orgName type="institution">The Chinese University of Hong Kong</orgName><address><addrLine>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</addrLine><addrLine>Hong Kong SAR, China</addrLine><country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Ka‐Fai</forename><surname>To</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="department">Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology</orgName><orgName type="department">School of Public Health</orgName><orgName type="department">Faculty of Medicine</orgName><orgName type="institution">The Chinese University of Hong Kong</orgName><address><addrLine>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</addrLine><addrLine>Hong Kong SAR, China</addrLine><country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Anthony W.I.</forename><surname>Lo</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="department">Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology</orgName><orgName type="department">School of Public Health</orgName><orgName type="department">Faculty of Medicine</orgName><orgName type="institution">The Chinese University of Hong Kong</orgName><address><addrLine>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</addrLine><addrLine>Hong Kong SAR, China</addrLine><country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">Joseph J.Y.</forename><surname>Sung</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases</orgName><orgName type="department">School of Public Health</orgName><orgName type="department">Faculty of Medicine</orgName><orgName type="institution">The Chinese University of Hong Kong</orgName><address><addrLine>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</addrLine><addrLine>Hong Kong SAR, China</addrLine><country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">H.K.</forename><surname>Ng</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="department">Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology</orgName><orgName type="department">School of Public Health</orgName><orgName type="department">Faculty of Medicine</orgName><orgName type="institution">The Chinese University of Hong Kong</orgName><address><addrLine>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</addrLine><addrLine>Hong Kong SAR, China</addrLine><country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">Paul K.S.</forename><surname>Chan</surname></persName><email>paulkschan@cuhk.edu.hk</email><affiliation><orgName type="department">Department of Microbiology</orgName><orgName type="department">School of Public Health</orgName><orgName type="department">Faculty of Medicine</orgName><orgName type="institution">The Chinese University of Hong Kong</orgName><address><addrLine>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</addrLine><addrLine>Hong Kong SAR, China</addrLine><country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases</orgName><orgName type="department">School of Public Health</orgName><orgName type="department">Faculty of Medicine</orgName><orgName type="institution">The Chinese University of Hong Kong</orgName><address><addrLine>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</addrLine><addrLine>Hong Kong SAR, 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Virol. 79:1245–1253, 2007. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords xml:lang="en"><term xml:id="kwd1">coronavirus</term><term xml:id="kwd2">post‐mortem</term><term xml:id="kwd3">SARS</term><term xml:id="kwd4">tropism</term><term xml:id="kwd5">viral load</term><term xml:id="kwd6">organ</term></keywords><keywords rend="articleCategory"><term>Research Article</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2019-12-20" who="#istex" xml:id="pub2tei">formatting</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-SVRN6HR3-J/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisherName><publisherLoc>Hoboken</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9071</doi><issn type="print">0146-6615</issn><issn type="electronic">1096-9071</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="JMV"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY">Journal of Medical Virology</title><title type="short">J. 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number="1374"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Quantitative temporal‐spatial distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐associated coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) in post‐mortem tissues</title><title type="short" xml:lang="en">SARS Postmortem Tissue Viral Load</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Julian W.</givenNames><familyName>Tang</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Ka‐Fai</givenNames><familyName>To</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Anthony W.I.</givenNames><familyName>Lo</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af3"><personName><givenNames>Joseph J.Y.</givenNames><familyName>Sung</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" 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China</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af3" countryCode="CN" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong SAR, China</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">coronavirus</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">post‐mortem</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">SARS</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">tropism</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">viral load</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd6">organ</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Research Fund for the Control of Infectious Diseases from the Health, Welfare, and Food Bureau of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government.</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Few post‐mortem studies have been performed on patients who have died from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). No studies have examined how the SARS‐associated coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) loads in different organs with respect to time, post‐mortem. The aim of this study was to determine the quantitative temporal‐spatial distribution of SARS‐CoV in the post‐mortem tissue samples of seven patients. Quantitation of a house‐keeping gene, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was undertaken to standardize the amount of tissue tested. SARS‐CoV viral load and SARS‐CoV/GAPDH RNA ratio for each organ type were related to four time durations: onset of illness to death, death to post‐mortem tissue sampling, and total durations of treatment with ribavirin and hydrocortisone. The SARS‐CoV/GAPDH RNA ratio remained relatively stable in most organ tissue types for all these time durations. The ratio reached the highest value of equal to or greater than one for lung and small bowel, whereas those for heart, liver, spleen, and kidney were always less than one. It is concluded that SARS‐CoV viral loads in these organs remain relatively stable, post‐mortem. This quantitative assessment further supports SARS‐CoV has a specific tropism for the human respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, which may be related to the density of SARS‐CoV receptors. J. Med. Virol. 79:1245–1253, 2007. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Quantitative temporal‐spatial distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐associated coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) in post‐mortem tissues</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>SARS Postmortem Tissue Viral Load</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Quantitative temporal‐spatial distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐associated coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) in post‐mortem tissues</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Julian W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Tang</namePart><affiliation>Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong SAR, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ka‐Fai</namePart><namePart type="family">To</namePart><affiliation>Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong SAR, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Anthony W.I.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lo</namePart><affiliation>Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong SAR, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Joseph J.Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Sung</namePart><affiliation>Department of Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong SAR, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ng</namePart><affiliation>Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong SAR, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Paul K.S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Chan</namePart><affiliation>Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong SAR, China</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong SAR, China</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: paulkschan@cuhk.edu.hk</affiliation><affiliation>Correspondence address: Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1/F, Clinical Science Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.===</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2007-09</dateIssued><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2007-02-27</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2007</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="figures">6</extent><extent unit="tables">3</extent><extent unit="references">34</extent><extent unit="words">1374</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Few post‐mortem studies have been performed on patients who have died from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). No studies have examined how the SARS‐associated coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) loads in different organs with respect to time, post‐mortem. The aim of this study was to determine the quantitative temporal‐spatial distribution of SARS‐CoV in the post‐mortem tissue samples of seven patients. Quantitation of a house‐keeping gene, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was undertaken to standardize the amount of tissue tested. SARS‐CoV viral load and SARS‐CoV/GAPDH RNA ratio for each organ type were related to four time durations: onset of illness to death, death to post‐mortem tissue sampling, and total durations of treatment with ribavirin and hydrocortisone. The SARS‐CoV/GAPDH RNA ratio remained relatively stable in most organ tissue types for all these time durations. The ratio reached the highest value of equal to or greater than one for lung and small bowel, whereas those for heart, liver, spleen, and kidney were always less than one. It is concluded that SARS‐CoV viral loads in these organs remain relatively stable, post‐mortem. This quantitative assessment further supports SARS‐CoV has a specific tropism for the human respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, which may be related to the density of SARS‐CoV receptors. J. Med. Virol. 79:1245–1253, 2007. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract><note type="funding">Research Fund for the Control of Infectious Diseases from the Health, Welfare, and Food Bureau of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government.</note><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>coronavirus</topic><topic>post‐mortem</topic><topic>SARS</topic><topic>tropism</topic><topic>viral load</topic><topic>organ</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Medical Virology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Med. Virol.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Research Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0146-6615</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1096-9071</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9071</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JMV</identifier><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>79</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>9</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1245</start><end>1253</end><total>9</total></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit1"><titleInfo><title>Persistent infection of SARS coronavirus in colonic cells in vitro</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PK</namePart><namePart type="family">Chan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KF</namePart><namePart type="family">To</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AW</namePart><namePart type="family">Lo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart><namePart type="family">Cheung</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Chu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">FW</namePart><namePart type="family">Au</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JH</namePart><namePart type="family">Tong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JS</namePart><namePart type="family">Tam</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JJ</namePart><namePart type="family">Sung</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HK</namePart><namePart type="family">Ng</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Chan PK, To KF, Lo AW, Cheung JL, Chu I, Au FW, Tong JH, Tam JS, Sung JJ, Ng HK. 2004a. Persistent infection of SARS coronavirus in colonic cells in vitro. 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