Rapid and sensitive detection of multiple genes from the SARS‐Coronavirus using quantitative RT‐PCR with dual systems
Identifieur interne : 000190 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000189; suivant : 000191Rapid and sensitive detection of multiple genes from the SARS‐Coronavirus using quantitative RT‐PCR with dual systems
Auteurs : Jau-Ling Huang ; Hui-Tsu Lin ; Yu-Ming Wang ; Yi-Chien Yeh ; Konan Peck ; Bai-Ling Lin ; Huan-Wun Liu ; Ann Chen ; Chang-Shen LinSource :
- Journal of Medical Virology [ 0146-6615 ] ; 2005-10.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Absolute sensitivity, Academia sinica, Accurate diagnosis, Acute phase, Artus, Assay, Best sensitivity, Bioscience technology, Bniout assays, Cell culturederived viruses, Cell viruses, Chain reaction assay, Chan, Chang jung christian university, Clin microbiol, Clinical application, Clinical samples, Clinical specimens, Coronavirus, Coronaviruses, Defective virions, Disease control, Fields virology, Genome, Grant sponsor, Health sciences, Hong kong, Huang, Human coronaviruses, Human sera, Human sera specimens, Independent experiments, Initial stage, Inoculated vero, Japanese encephalitis virus, Lightcycler, Lippincott williams wilkins, National defense, National health research institutes, Novel coronavirus, Other coronaviruses, Other viruses, Peiris, Plaque assay, Polymerase, Positive results, Preventive medicine, Primer, Primer sets, Prism, Probable sars cases, Probe sets, Quantitative assay, Respiratory syncytial virus, Respiratory syndrome, Roche, Roche lightcycler, Roche lightcycler system, Room temperature, Sars, Sars patients, Sars virus, Sars2, Sars2 sets, Sarscov infection, Sequence detection system, Similar sensitivity, Spiked, Syndrome, Taqman, Taqman assay, Taqman probes, Taqman technique, Viral, Viral load, Viral rnas, Virol, Virus, World health organization.
Abstract
The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was caused by a newly identified coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) in 2003. To detect early SARS‐CoV infection, a one‐step, real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay was developed that could simultaneously detect nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and spike (S) genes of SARS‐CoV with the same PCR condition using either Applied Biosystems (ABI) Prism 7700 Sequence Detection System or Roche LightCycler. The sensitivity of this assay was evaluated using cell culture‐derived viruses, in vitro transcribed viral RNA, and clinical specimens. The SARS‐S, ‐M, and ‐N primer/probe sets described in this paper could detect one to ten copies of in vitro transcribed S, M, and N RNA per test using both the ABI and Roche assay systems. The relative sensitivities for detecting cell culture‐derived SARS‐CoV were 0.01, 0.01, and 0.001 PFU/test, respectively. It showed that SARS‐N has comparable detection efficiencies to SARS2 and SARS3 which are primers sets designed by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In addition, SARS‐S and SARS‐M also demonstrated equivalent sensitivity to the commercially available RealArt HPA‐Coronavirus reagents (Artus). The relative sensitivity of these primer/probe sets was also examined using human sera spiked viruses and clinical specimens from four confirmed SARS patients. Similar results as above were obtained. Specificity tests and sequence alignment showed that these primer/probe sets annealed perfectly to 31 isolates of SARS‐CoV; and there was no cross detection with other coronaviruses and human respiratory tract‐associated viruses. Therefore, not only is it compatible with the ABI and Roche systems, this multiple‐gene detection assay also has the merit of being a rapid, safe, sensitive, and specific tool for accurate diagnosis of SARS‐CoV infection. J. Med. Virol. 77:151–158, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20432
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:4CE919B653183838A834334ED61DEEE905FCE822Le document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Rapid and sensitive detection of multiple genes from the SARS‐Coronavirus using quantitative RT‐PCR with dual systems</title>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, Jau Ing" sort="Huang, Jau Ing" uniqKey="Huang J" first="Jau-Ling" last="Huang">Jau-Ling Huang</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: JauLingH@mail.cju.edu.tw</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Jau‐Ling Huang, Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, 396, Chang Jung Rd., Sec. 1, Kway Jen, Tainan, Taiwan.===Chang‐Shen Lin, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.===</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, Hui Su" sort="Lin, Hui Su" uniqKey="Lin H" first="Hui-Tsu" last="Lin">Hui-Tsu Lin</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Yu Ing" sort="Wang, Yu Ing" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yu-Ming" last="Wang">Yu-Ming Wang</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yeh, Yi Hien" sort="Yeh, Yi Hien" uniqKey="Yeh Y" first="Yi-Chien" last="Yeh">Yi-Chien Yeh</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Medical Research, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peck, Konan" sort="Peck, Konan" uniqKey="Peck K" first="Konan" last="Peck">Konan Peck</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, Bai Ing" sort="Lin, Bai Ing" uniqKey="Lin B" first="Bai-Ling" last="Lin">Bai-Ling Lin</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Huan Un" sort="Liu, Huan Un" uniqKey="Liu H" first="Huan-Wun" last="Liu">Huan-Wun Liu</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Ann" sort="Chen, Ann" uniqKey="Chen A" first="Ann" last="Chen">Ann Chen</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, Chang Hen" sort="Lin, Chang Hen" uniqKey="Lin C" first="Chang-Shen" last="Lin">Chang-Shen Lin</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: lincs@nhri.org.tw</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Jau‐Ling Huang, Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, 396, Chang Jung Rd., Sec. 1, Kway Jen, Tainan, Taiwan.===Chang‐Shen Lin, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.===</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno>
<idno type="RBID">ISTEX:4CE919B653183838A834334ED61DEEE905FCE822</idno>
<date when="2005" year="2005">2005</date>
<idno type="doi">10.1002/jmv.20432</idno>
<idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-ZVNZ6330-B/fulltext.pdf</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000190</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000190</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Rapid and sensitive detection of multiple genes from the SARS‐Coronavirus using quantitative RT‐PCR with dual systems</title>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, Jau Ing" sort="Huang, Jau Ing" uniqKey="Huang J" first="Jau-Ling" last="Huang">Jau-Ling Huang</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: JauLingH@mail.cju.edu.tw</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Jau‐Ling Huang, Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, 396, Chang Jung Rd., Sec. 1, Kway Jen, Tainan, Taiwan.===Chang‐Shen Lin, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.===</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, Hui Su" sort="Lin, Hui Su" uniqKey="Lin H" first="Hui-Tsu" last="Lin">Hui-Tsu Lin</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Yu Ing" sort="Wang, Yu Ing" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yu-Ming" last="Wang">Yu-Ming Wang</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yeh, Yi Hien" sort="Yeh, Yi Hien" uniqKey="Yeh Y" first="Yi-Chien" last="Yeh">Yi-Chien Yeh</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Medical Research, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peck, Konan" sort="Peck, Konan" uniqKey="Peck K" first="Konan" last="Peck">Konan Peck</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, Bai Ing" sort="Lin, Bai Ing" uniqKey="Lin B" first="Bai-Ling" last="Lin">Bai-Ling Lin</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Huan Un" sort="Liu, Huan Un" uniqKey="Liu H" first="Huan-Wun" last="Liu">Huan-Wun Liu</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Ann" sort="Chen, Ann" uniqKey="Chen A" first="Ann" last="Chen">Ann Chen</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, Chang Hen" sort="Lin, Chang Hen" uniqKey="Lin C" first="Chang-Shen" last="Lin">Chang-Shen Lin</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: lincs@nhri.org.tw</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Jau‐Ling Huang, Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, 396, Chang Jung Rd., Sec. 1, Kway Jen, Tainan, Taiwan.===Chang‐Shen Lin, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.===</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<monogr></monogr>
<series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of Medical Virology</title>
<title level="j" type="alt">JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0146-6615</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1096-9071</idno>
<imprint><biblScope unit="vol">77</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="151">151</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" to="158">158</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page-count">8</biblScope>
<publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher>
<pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace>
<date type="published" when="2005-10">2005-10</date>
</imprint>
<idno type="ISSN">0146-6615</idno>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0146-6615</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Absolute sensitivity</term>
<term>Academia sinica</term>
<term>Accurate diagnosis</term>
<term>Acute phase</term>
<term>Artus</term>
<term>Assay</term>
<term>Best sensitivity</term>
<term>Bioscience technology</term>
<term>Bniout assays</term>
<term>Cell culturederived viruses</term>
<term>Cell viruses</term>
<term>Chain reaction assay</term>
<term>Chan</term>
<term>Chang jung christian university</term>
<term>Clin microbiol</term>
<term>Clinical application</term>
<term>Clinical samples</term>
<term>Clinical specimens</term>
<term>Coronavirus</term>
<term>Coronaviruses</term>
<term>Defective virions</term>
<term>Disease control</term>
<term>Fields virology</term>
<term>Genome</term>
<term>Grant sponsor</term>
<term>Health sciences</term>
<term>Hong kong</term>
<term>Huang</term>
<term>Human coronaviruses</term>
<term>Human sera</term>
<term>Human sera specimens</term>
<term>Independent experiments</term>
<term>Initial stage</term>
<term>Inoculated vero</term>
<term>Japanese encephalitis virus</term>
<term>Lightcycler</term>
<term>Lippincott williams wilkins</term>
<term>National defense</term>
<term>National health research institutes</term>
<term>Novel coronavirus</term>
<term>Other coronaviruses</term>
<term>Other viruses</term>
<term>Peiris</term>
<term>Plaque assay</term>
<term>Polymerase</term>
<term>Positive results</term>
<term>Preventive medicine</term>
<term>Primer</term>
<term>Primer sets</term>
<term>Prism</term>
<term>Probable sars cases</term>
<term>Probe sets</term>
<term>Quantitative assay</term>
<term>Respiratory syncytial virus</term>
<term>Respiratory syndrome</term>
<term>Roche</term>
<term>Roche lightcycler</term>
<term>Roche lightcycler system</term>
<term>Room temperature</term>
<term>Sars</term>
<term>Sars patients</term>
<term>Sars virus</term>
<term>Sars2</term>
<term>Sars2 sets</term>
<term>Sarscov infection</term>
<term>Sequence detection system</term>
<term>Similar sensitivity</term>
<term>Spiked</term>
<term>Syndrome</term>
<term>Taqman</term>
<term>Taqman assay</term>
<term>Taqman probes</term>
<term>Taqman technique</term>
<term>Viral</term>
<term>Viral load</term>
<term>Viral rnas</term>
<term>Virol</term>
<term>Virus</term>
<term>World health organization</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was caused by a newly identified coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) in 2003. To detect early SARS‐CoV infection, a one‐step, real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay was developed that could simultaneously detect nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and spike (S) genes of SARS‐CoV with the same PCR condition using either Applied Biosystems (ABI) Prism 7700 Sequence Detection System or Roche LightCycler. The sensitivity of this assay was evaluated using cell culture‐derived viruses, in vitro transcribed viral RNA, and clinical specimens. The SARS‐S, ‐M, and ‐N primer/probe sets described in this paper could detect one to ten copies of in vitro transcribed S, M, and N RNA per test using both the ABI and Roche assay systems. The relative sensitivities for detecting cell culture‐derived SARS‐CoV were 0.01, 0.01, and 0.001 PFU/test, respectively. It showed that SARS‐N has comparable detection efficiencies to SARS2 and SARS3 which are primers sets designed by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In addition, SARS‐S and SARS‐M also demonstrated equivalent sensitivity to the commercially available RealArt HPA‐Coronavirus reagents (Artus). The relative sensitivity of these primer/probe sets was also examined using human sera spiked viruses and clinical specimens from four confirmed SARS patients. Similar results as above were obtained. Specificity tests and sequence alignment showed that these primer/probe sets annealed perfectly to 31 isolates of SARS‐CoV; and there was no cross detection with other coronaviruses and human respiratory tract‐associated viruses. Therefore, not only is it compatible with the ABI and Roche systems, this multiple‐gene detection assay also has the merit of being a rapid, safe, sensitive, and specific tool for accurate diagnosis of SARS‐CoV infection. J. Med. Virol. 77:151–158, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName>
<keywords><teeft><json:string>sars</json:string>
<json:string>assay</json:string>
<json:string>primer</json:string>
<json:string>coronavirus</json:string>
<json:string>artus</json:string>
<json:string>viral</json:string>
<json:string>roche</json:string>
<json:string>taqman</json:string>
<json:string>coronaviruses</json:string>
<json:string>prism</json:string>
<json:string>genome</json:string>
<json:string>respiratory syndrome</json:string>
<json:string>sars2</json:string>
<json:string>lightcycler</json:string>
<json:string>clinical specimens</json:string>
<json:string>chan</json:string>
<json:string>huang</json:string>
<json:string>virol</json:string>
<json:string>polymerase</json:string>
<json:string>peiris</json:string>
<json:string>sars patients</json:string>
<json:string>clinical samples</json:string>
<json:string>quantitative assay</json:string>
<json:string>world health organization</json:string>
<json:string>human sera</json:string>
<json:string>roche lightcycler</json:string>
<json:string>novel coronavirus</json:string>
<json:string>other coronaviruses</json:string>
<json:string>cell viruses</json:string>
<json:string>preventive medicine</json:string>
<json:string>acute phase</json:string>
<json:string>chang jung christian university</json:string>
<json:string>disease control</json:string>
<json:string>clin microbiol</json:string>
<json:string>hong kong</json:string>
<json:string>absolute sensitivity</json:string>
<json:string>primer sets</json:string>
<json:string>national defense</json:string>
<json:string>probe sets</json:string>
<json:string>syndrome</json:string>
<json:string>spiked</json:string>
<json:string>sequence detection system</json:string>
<json:string>sarscov infection</json:string>
<json:string>plaque assay</json:string>
<json:string>accurate diagnosis</json:string>
<json:string>probable sars cases</json:string>
<json:string>cell culturederived viruses</json:string>
<json:string>inoculated vero</json:string>
<json:string>taqman probes</json:string>
<json:string>roche lightcycler system</json:string>
<json:string>human sera specimens</json:string>
<json:string>grant sponsor</json:string>
<json:string>room temperature</json:string>
<json:string>viral rnas</json:string>
<json:string>taqman technique</json:string>
<json:string>bioscience technology</json:string>
<json:string>taqman assay</json:string>
<json:string>positive results</json:string>
<json:string>similar sensitivity</json:string>
<json:string>other viruses</json:string>
<json:string>chain reaction assay</json:string>
<json:string>initial stage</json:string>
<json:string>national health research institutes</json:string>
<json:string>sars virus</json:string>
<json:string>best sensitivity</json:string>
<json:string>sars2 sets</json:string>
<json:string>bniout assays</json:string>
<json:string>academia sinica</json:string>
<json:string>clinical application</json:string>
<json:string>independent experiments</json:string>
<json:string>respiratory syncytial virus</json:string>
<json:string>defective virions</json:string>
<json:string>japanese encephalitis virus</json:string>
<json:string>health sciences</json:string>
<json:string>viral load</json:string>
<json:string>fields virology</json:string>
<json:string>lippincott williams wilkins</json:string>
<json:string>human coronaviruses</json:string>
<json:string>virus</json:string>
</teeft>
</keywords>
<author><json:item><name>Jau‐Ling Huang</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</json:string>
<json:string>Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan</json:string>
<json:string>E-mail: JauLingH@mail.cju.edu.tw</json:string>
<json:string>Jau‐Ling Huang, Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, 396, Chang Jung Rd., Sec. 1, Kway Jen, Tainan, Taiwan.===Chang‐Shen Lin, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.===</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item><name>Hui‐Tsu Lin</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item><name>Yu‐Ming Wang</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item><name>Yi‐Chien Yeh</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</json:string>
<json:string>Institute of Medical Research, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item><name>Konan Peck</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item><name>Bai‐Ling Lin</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei, Taiwan</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item><name>Huan‐Wun Liu</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item><name>Ann Chen</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item><name>Chang‐Shen Lin</name>
<affiliations><json:string>National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan</json:string>
<json:string>E-mail: lincs@nhri.org.tw</json:string>
<json:string>Jau‐Ling Huang, Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, 396, Chang Jung Rd., Sec. 1, Kway Jen, Tainan, Taiwan.===Chang‐Shen Lin, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.===</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
</author>
<subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>SARS</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>SARS‐CoV structural genes</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>Coronavirus</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>TaqMan assay</value>
</json:item>
</subject>
<articleId><json:string>JMV20432</json:string>
</articleId>
<arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-ZVNZ6330-B</arkIstex>
<language><json:string>eng</json:string>
</language>
<originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string>
</originalGenre>
<abstract>The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was caused by a newly identified coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) in 2003. To detect early SARS‐CoV infection, a one‐step, real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay was developed that could simultaneously detect nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and spike (S) genes of SARS‐CoV with the same PCR condition using either Applied Biosystems (ABI) Prism 7700 Sequence Detection System or Roche LightCycler. The sensitivity of this assay was evaluated using cell culture‐derived viruses, in vitro transcribed viral RNA, and clinical specimens. The SARS‐S, ‐M, and ‐N primer/probe sets described in this paper could detect one to ten copies of in vitro transcribed S, M, and N RNA per test using both the ABI and Roche assay systems. The relative sensitivities for detecting cell culture‐derived SARS‐CoV were 0.01, 0.01, and 0.001 PFU/test, respectively. It showed that SARS‐N has comparable detection efficiencies to SARS2 and SARS3 which are primers sets designed by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In addition, SARS‐S and SARS‐M also demonstrated equivalent sensitivity to the commercially available RealArt HPA‐Coronavirus reagents (Artus). The relative sensitivity of these primer/probe sets was also examined using human sera spiked viruses and clinical specimens from four confirmed SARS patients. Similar results as above were obtained. Specificity tests and sequence alignment showed that these primer/probe sets annealed perfectly to 31 isolates of SARS‐CoV; and there was no cross detection with other coronaviruses and human respiratory tract‐associated viruses. Therefore, not only is it compatible with the ABI and Roche systems, this multiple‐gene detection assay also has the merit of being a rapid, safe, sensitive, and specific tool for accurate diagnosis of SARS‐CoV infection. J. Med. Virol. 77:151–158, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract>
<qualityIndicators><score>10</score>
<pdfWordCount>5101</pdfWordCount>
<pdfCharCount>32739</pdfCharCount>
<pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion>
<pdfPageCount>8</pdfPageCount>
<pdfPageSize>594 x 792 pts</pdfPageSize>
<pdfWordsPerPage>638</pdfWordsPerPage>
<pdfText>true</pdfText>
<refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative>
<abstractWordCount>282</abstractWordCount>
<abstractCharCount>1949</abstractCharCount>
<keywordCount>5</keywordCount>
</qualityIndicators>
<title>Rapid and sensitive detection of multiple genes from the SARS‐Coronavirus using quantitative RT‐PCR with dual systems</title>
<pmid><json:string>16121372</json:string>
</pmid>
<genre><json:string>article</json:string>
</genre>
<host><title>Journal of Medical Virology</title>
<language><json:string>unknown</json:string>
</language>
<doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9071</json:string>
</doi>
<issn><json:string>0146-6615</json:string>
</issn>
<eissn><json:string>1096-9071</json:string>
</eissn>
<publisherId><json:string>JMV</json:string>
</publisherId>
<volume>77</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<pages><first>151</first>
<last>158</last>
<total>8</total>
</pages>
<genre><json:string>journal</json:string>
</genre>
<subject><json:item><value>Research Article</value>
</json:item>
</subject>
</host>
<namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>2005</json:string>
<json:string>2003</json:string>
</date>
<geogName></geogName>
<orgName><json:string>Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan</json:string>
<json:string>WHO</json:string>
<json:string>National Science Council</json:string>
<json:string>Roche Diagnostics</json:string>
<json:string>Dual Systems Real</json:string>
<json:string>Institute of Medical Research, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan</json:string>
<json:string>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan</json:string>
<json:string>National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan</json:string>
<json:string>BioTech</json:string>
<json:string>National Health Research Institutes</json:string>
<json:string>Hoping Hospital, Taipei</json:string>
<json:string>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan</json:string>
<json:string>Invitrogen Corporation, Groningen, Netherlands</json:string>
<json:string>National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan</json:string>
<json:string>Development Center for Biotechnology</json:string>
<json:string>Wiley-Liss, Inc</json:string>
<json:string>Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University</json:string>
<json:string>Taiwan and Hong Kong</json:string>
<json:string>LISS, INC.</json:string>
<json:string>American Type Culture Collection</json:string>
<json:string>World Health Organization</json:string>
</orgName>
<orgName_funder></orgName_funder>
<orgName_provider></orgName_provider>
<persName><json:string>Artus GmbH</json:string>
<json:string>Real-Time Quantitative</json:string>
<json:string>Cathy Yang</json:string>
<json:string>V. Evaluation</json:string>
<json:string>RealArt</json:string>
<json:string>J. Med</json:string>
<json:string>Yu-Ting Chang</json:string>
<json:string>Chang-Shen Lin</json:string>
<json:string>Konan Peck</json:string>
<json:string>Case</json:string>
<json:string>Chang Jung</json:string>
<json:string>Artus Quantitative</json:string>
<json:string>Ann Chen</json:string>
<json:string>I. Primer</json:string>
</persName>
<placeName><json:string>Foster City</json:string>
<json:string>Germany</json:string>
<json:string>Valencia</json:string>
<json:string>Tainan</json:string>
<json:string>Georgia</json:string>
<json:string>Mannheim</json:string>
<json:string>Taiwan</json:string>
<json:string>Manassas</json:string>
<json:string>Madison</json:string>
<json:string>VA</json:string>
<json:string>Hamburg</json:string>
<json:string>Atlanta</json:string>
<json:string>Frankfurt</json:string>
<json:string>CA</json:string>
<json:string>WI</json:string>
</placeName>
<ref_url></ref_url>
<ref_bibl><json:string>Rota et al., 2003</json:string>
<json:string>Sizun et al., 1998</json:string>
<json:string>Huang et al., 2004</json:string>
<json:string>Poutanen et al., 2003</json:string>
<json:string>Ksiazek et al., 2003</json:string>
<json:string>Brown and Tetro, 2003</json:string>
<json:string>Drosten et al., 2003</json:string>
<json:string>Emery et al., 2004</json:string>
<json:string>Poon et al., 2003</json:string>
<json:string>Fouchier et al., 2003</json:string>
<json:string>Avellon et al., 2001</json:string>
<json:string>Tsui et al., 2003</json:string>
<json:string>Escors et al., 2003</json:string>
<json:string>Peiris et al., 2003b</json:string>
<json:string>Ruan et al., 2003</json:string>
<json:string>Vabret et al., 2001</json:string>
<json:string>Coiras et al., 2003</json:string>
<json:string>Peiris et al., 2003a</json:string>
<json:string>March 2003</json:string>
<json:string>Warrilow et al., 2002</json:string>
<json:string>Kuiken et al., 2003</json:string>
<json:string>Lee et al., 2003</json:string>
<json:string>Lanciotti et al., 2000</json:string>
<json:string>Beaty et al., 1989</json:string>
<json:string>Yeh et al., 2004</json:string>
<json:string>Lai and Holmes, 2001</json:string>
<json:string>Nijhuis et al., 2002</json:string>
<json:string>Huang et al.</json:string>
</ref_bibl>
<bibl></bibl>
</unitex>
</namedEntities>
<ark><json:string>ark:/67375/WNG-ZVNZ6330-B</json:string>
</ark>
<categories><wos><json:string>1 - science</json:string>
<json:string>2 - virology</json:string>
</wos>
<scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - health sciences</json:string>
<json:string>2 - biomedical research</json:string>
<json:string>3 - virology</json:string>
</scienceMetrix>
<scopus><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string>
<json:string>2 - Medicine</json:string>
<json:string>3 - Infectious Diseases</json:string>
<json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string>
<json:string>2 - Immunology and Microbiology</json:string>
<json:string>3 - Virology</json:string>
</scopus>
<inist><json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string>
<json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string>
<json:string>3 - sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. psychologie</json:string>
<json:string>4 - invertebres</json:string>
</inist>
</categories>
<publicationDate>2005</publicationDate>
<copyrightDate>2005</copyrightDate>
<doi><json:string>10.1002/jmv.20432</json:string>
</doi>
<id>4CE919B653183838A834334ED61DEEE905FCE822</id>
<score>1</score>
<fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension>
<original>true</original>
<mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-ZVNZ6330-B/fulltext.pdf</uri>
</json:item>
<json:item><extension>zip</extension>
<original>false</original>
<mimetype>application/zip</mimetype>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-ZVNZ6330-B/bundle.zip</uri>
</json:item>
<istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-ZVNZ6330-B/fulltext.tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main">Rapid and sensitive detection of multiple genes from the SARS‐Coronavirus using quantitative RT‐PCR with dual systems</title>
<title level="a" type="short" xml:lang="en">Real‐Time RT‐PCR for SARS‐CoV S, M, N Genes</title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority>
<publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher>
<pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace>
<availability><licence>Copyright © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</licence>
</availability>
<date type="published" when="2005-10"></date>
</publicationStmt>
<notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note>
<note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note>
</notesStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Rapid and sensitive detection of multiple genes from the SARS‐Coronavirus using quantitative RT‐PCR with dual systems</title>
<title level="a" type="short" xml:lang="en">Real‐Time RT‐PCR for SARS‐CoV S, M, N Genes</title>
<author xml:id="author-0000" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">Jau‐Ling</forename>
<surname>Huang</surname>
</persName>
<email>JauLingH@mail.cju.edu.tw</email>
<affiliation><orgName type="institution">Institute of Preventive Medicine</orgName>
<orgName type="institution">National Defense Medical Center</orgName>
<address><addrLine>Taipei</addrLine>
<addrLine>Taiwan</addrLine>
<country key="TW" xml:lang="en">TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><orgName type="department">Department of Bioscience Technology</orgName>
<orgName type="institution">College of Health Sciences</orgName>
<orgName type="institution">Chang Jung Christian University</orgName>
<address><addrLine>Tainan</addrLine>
<addrLine>Taiwan</addrLine>
<country key="TW" xml:lang="en">TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Hui‐Tsu</forename>
<surname>Lin</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="institution">Institute of Preventive Medicine</orgName>
<orgName type="institution">National Defense Medical Center</orgName>
<address><addrLine>Taipei</addrLine>
<addrLine>Taiwan</addrLine>
<country key="TW" xml:lang="en">TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Yu‐Ming</forename>
<surname>Wang</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="institution">Institute of Preventive Medicine</orgName>
<orgName type="institution">National Defense Medical Center</orgName>
<address><addrLine>Taipei</addrLine>
<addrLine>Taiwan</addrLine>
<country key="TW" xml:lang="en">TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">Yi‐Chien</forename>
<surname>Yeh</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="institution">Institute of Preventive Medicine</orgName>
<orgName type="institution">National Defense Medical Center</orgName>
<address><addrLine>Taipei</addrLine>
<addrLine>Taiwan</addrLine>
<country key="TW" xml:lang="en">TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><orgName type="institution">Institute of Medical Research</orgName>
<orgName type="institution">Chang Jung Christian University</orgName>
<address><addrLine>Tainan</addrLine>
<addrLine>Taiwan</addrLine>
<country key="TW" xml:lang="en">TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">Konan</forename>
<surname>Peck</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="institution">Institute of Biomedical Science</orgName>
<address><addrLine>Academia Sinica</addrLine>
<addrLine>Taipei, Taiwan</addrLine>
<country key="TW" xml:lang="en">TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">Bai‐Ling</forename>
<surname>Lin</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="institution">Development Center for Biotechnology</orgName>
<address><addrLine>Taipei</addrLine>
<addrLine>Taiwan</addrLine>
<country key="TW" xml:lang="en">TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0006"><persName><forename type="first">Huan‐Wun</forename>
<surname>Liu</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="institution">Institute of Preventive Medicine</orgName>
<orgName type="institution">National Defense Medical Center</orgName>
<address><addrLine>Taipei</addrLine>
<addrLine>Taiwan</addrLine>
<country key="TW" xml:lang="en">TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0007"><persName><forename type="first">Ann</forename>
<surname>Chen</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="institution">Institute of Preventive Medicine</orgName>
<orgName type="institution">National Defense Medical Center</orgName>
<address><addrLine>Taipei</addrLine>
<addrLine>Taiwan</addrLine>
<country key="TW" xml:lang="en">TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0008" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">Chang‐Shen</forename>
<surname>Lin</surname>
</persName>
<email>lincs@nhri.org.tw</email>
<affiliation><orgName type="institution">National Health Research Institutes</orgName>
<address><addrLine>Miaoli</addrLine>
<addrLine>Taiwan</addrLine>
<country key="TW" xml:lang="en">TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<idno type="istex">4CE919B653183838A834334ED61DEEE905FCE822</idno>
<idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-ZVNZ6330-B</idno>
<idno type="DOI">10.1002/jmv.20432</idno>
<idno type="unit">JMV20432</idno>
<idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:JMV.JMV20432.pdf</idno>
</analytic>
<monogr><title level="j" type="main">Journal of Medical Virology</title>
<title level="j" type="alt">JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY</title>
<idno type="pISSN">0146-6615</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1096-9071</idno>
<idno type="book-DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9071</idno>
<idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1002/jmv.v77:2</idno>
<idno type="product">JMV</idno>
<imprint><biblScope unit="vol">77</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="151">151</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" to="158">158</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page-count">8</biblScope>
<publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher>
<pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace>
<date type="published" when="2005-10"></date>
</imprint>
</monogr>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc><schemaRef type="ODD" url="https://xml-schema.delivery.istex.fr/tei-istex.odd"></schemaRef>
<appInfo><application ident="pub2tei" version="1.0.10" when="2019-12-20"><label>pub2TEI-ISTEX</label>
<desc>A set of style sheets for converting XML documents encoded in various scientific publisher formats into a common TEI format.
<ref target="http://www.tei-c.org/">We use TEI</ref>
</desc>
</application>
</appInfo>
</encodingDesc>
<profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main"><head>Abstract</head>
<p>The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was caused by a newly identified coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) in 2003. To detect early SARS‐CoV infection, a one‐step, real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay was developed that could simultaneously detect nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and spike (S) genes of SARS‐CoV with the same PCR condition using either Applied Biosystems (ABI) Prism 7700 Sequence Detection System or Roche LightCycler. The sensitivity of this assay was evaluated using cell culture‐derived viruses, in vitro transcribed viral RNA, and clinical specimens. The SARS‐S, ‐M, and ‐N primer/probe sets described in this paper could detect one to ten copies of in vitro transcribed S, M, and N RNA per test using both the ABI and Roche assay systems. The relative sensitivities for detecting cell culture‐derived SARS‐CoV were 0.01, 0.01, and 0.001 PFU/test, respectively. It showed that SARS‐N has comparable detection efficiencies to SARS2 and SARS3 which are primers sets designed by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In addition, SARS‐S and SARS‐M also demonstrated equivalent sensitivity to the commercially available RealArt HPA‐Coronavirus reagents (Artus). The relative sensitivity of these primer/probe sets was also examined using human sera spiked viruses and clinical specimens from four confirmed SARS patients. Similar results as above were obtained. Specificity tests and sequence alignment showed that these primer/probe sets annealed perfectly to 31 isolates of SARS‐CoV; and there was no cross detection with other coronaviruses and human respiratory tract‐associated viruses. Therefore, not only is it compatible with the ABI and Roche systems, this multiple‐gene detection assay also has the merit of being a rapid, safe, sensitive, and specific tool for accurate diagnosis of SARS‐CoV infection. J. Med. Virol. 77:151–158, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</p>
</abstract>
<textClass><keywords xml:lang="en"><term xml:id="kwd1">SARS</term>
<term xml:id="kwd2">SARS‐CoV structural genes</term>
<term xml:id="kwd3">Coronavirus</term>
<term xml:id="kwd4">real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR</term>
<term xml:id="kwd5">TaqMan assay</term>
</keywords>
<keywords rend="articleCategory"><term>Research Article</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
<langUsage><language ident="en"></language>
</langUsage>
</profileDesc>
<revisionDesc><change when="2019-12-20" who="#istex" xml:id="pub2tei">formatting</change>
</revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>
</istex:fulltextTEI>
<json:item><extension>txt</extension>
<original>false</original>
<mimetype>text/plain</mimetype>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-ZVNZ6330-B/fulltext.txt</uri>
</json:item>
</fulltext>
<metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration>
<istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisherName>
<publisherLoc>Hoboken</publisherLoc>
</publisherInfo>
<doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9071</doi>
<issn type="print">0146-6615</issn>
<issn type="electronic">1096-9071</issn>
<idGroup><id type="product" value="JMV"></id>
</idGroup>
<titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY">Journal of Medical Virology</title>
<title type="short">J. Med. Virol.</title>
</titleGroup>
</publicationMeta>
<publicationMeta level="part" position="20"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/jmv.v77:2</doi>
<numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="77">77</numbering>
<numbering type="journalIssue">2</numbering>
</numberingGroup>
<coverDate startDate="2005-10">October 2005</coverDate>
</publicationMeta>
<publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="2" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/jmv.20432</doi>
<idGroup><id type="unit" value="JMV20432"></id>
</idGroup>
<countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="8"></count>
</countGroup>
<titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Research Article</title>
</titleGroup>
<copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</copyright>
<eventGroup><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2005-06-15"></event>
<event type="firstOnline" date="2005-08-24"></event>
<event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2005-08-24"></event>
<event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:HeaderRef result:HeaderRef" date="2010-03-15"></event>
<event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:4.0.1" date="2014-03-20"></event>
<event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-30"></event>
</eventGroup>
<numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">151</numbering>
<numbering type="pageLast">158</numbering>
</numberingGroup>
<correspondenceTo><lineatedText><line>Jau‐Ling Huang, Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, 396, Chang Jung Rd., Sec. 1, Kway Jen, Tainan, Taiwan.===</line>
<line>Chang‐Shen Lin, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.===</line>
</lineatedText>
</correspondenceTo>
<linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JMV.JMV20432.pdf"></link>
</linkGroup>
</publicationMeta>
<contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="1"></count>
<count type="tableTotal" number="6"></count>
<count type="referenceTotal" number="31"></count>
<count type="wordTotal" number="1323"></count>
</countGroup>
<titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Rapid and sensitive detection of multiple genes from the SARS‐Coronavirus using quantitative RT‐PCR with dual systems</title>
<title type="short" xml:lang="en">Real‐Time RT‐PCR for SARS‐CoV S, M, N Genes</title>
</titleGroup>
<creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af2" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Jau‐Ling</givenNames>
<familyName>Huang</familyName>
</personName>
<contactDetails><email>JauLingH@mail.cju.edu.tw</email>
</contactDetails>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Hui‐Tsu</givenNames>
<familyName>Lin</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Yu‐Ming</givenNames>
<familyName>Wang</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af3"><personName><givenNames>Yi‐Chien</givenNames>
<familyName>Yeh</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af4"><personName><givenNames>Konan</givenNames>
<familyName>Peck</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="au6" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af5"><personName><givenNames>Bai‐Ling</givenNames>
<familyName>Lin</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="au7" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Huan‐Wun</givenNames>
<familyName>Liu</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="au8" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Ann</givenNames>
<familyName>Chen</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator xml:id="au9" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af6" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Chang‐Shen</givenNames>
<familyName>Lin</familyName>
</personName>
<contactDetails><email>lincs@nhri.org.tw</email>
</contactDetails>
</creator>
</creators>
<affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="TW" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</unparsedAffiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="TW" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan</unparsedAffiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation xml:id="af3" countryCode="TW" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Institute of Medical Research, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan</unparsedAffiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation xml:id="af4" countryCode="TW" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan</unparsedAffiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation xml:id="af5" countryCode="TW" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei, Taiwan</unparsedAffiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation xml:id="af6" countryCode="TW" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan</unparsedAffiliation>
</affiliation>
</affiliationGroup>
<keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">SARS</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="kwd2">SARS‐CoV structural genes</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="kwd3">Coronavirus</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="kwd4">real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="kwd5">TaqMan assay</keyword>
</keywordGroup>
<fundingInfo><fundingAgency>SARS Task Force, National Science Council</fundingAgency>
<fundingNumber>NSC 92‐2751‐B‐016‐005‐Y</fundingNumber>
</fundingInfo>
<fundingInfo><fundingAgency>The Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan</fundingAgency>
</fundingInfo>
<abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title>
<p>The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was caused by a newly identified coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) in 2003. To detect early SARS‐CoV infection, a one‐step, real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay was developed that could simultaneously detect nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and spike (S) genes of SARS‐CoV with the same PCR condition using either Applied Biosystems (ABI) Prism 7700 Sequence Detection System or Roche LightCycler. The sensitivity of this assay was evaluated using cell culture‐derived viruses, in vitro transcribed viral RNA, and clinical specimens. The SARS‐S, ‐M, and ‐N primer/probe sets described in this paper could detect one to ten copies of in vitro transcribed S, M, and N RNA per test using both the ABI and Roche assay systems. The relative sensitivities for detecting cell culture‐derived SARS‐CoV were 0.01, 0.01, and 0.001 PFU/test, respectively. It showed that SARS‐N has comparable detection efficiencies to SARS2 and SARS3 which are primers sets designed by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In addition, SARS‐S and SARS‐M also demonstrated equivalent sensitivity to the commercially available RealArt HPA‐Coronavirus reagents (Artus). The relative sensitivity of these primer/probe sets was also examined using human sera spiked viruses and clinical specimens from four confirmed SARS patients. Similar results as above were obtained. Specificity tests and sequence alignment showed that these primer/probe sets annealed perfectly to 31 isolates of SARS‐CoV; and there was no cross detection with other coronaviruses and human respiratory tract‐associated viruses. Therefore, not only is it compatible with the ABI and Roche systems, this multiple‐gene detection assay also has the merit of being a rapid, safe, sensitive, and specific tool for accurate diagnosis of SARS‐CoV infection. J. Med. Virol. 77:151–158, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</p>
</abstract>
</abstractGroup>
</contentMeta>
</header>
</component>
</istex:document>
</istex:metadataXml>
<mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Rapid and sensitive detection of multiple genes from the SARS‐Coronavirus using quantitative RT‐PCR with dual systems</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Real‐Time RT‐PCR for SARS‐CoV S, M, N Genes</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Rapid and sensitive detection of multiple genes from the SARS‐Coronavirus using quantitative RT‐PCR with dual systems</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jau‐Ling</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Huang</namePart>
<affiliation>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</affiliation>
<affiliation>Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan</affiliation>
<affiliation>E-mail: JauLingH@mail.cju.edu.tw</affiliation>
<affiliation>Jau‐Ling Huang, Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, 396, Chang Jung Rd., Sec. 1, Kway Jen, Tainan, Taiwan.===Chang‐Shen Lin, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.===</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hui‐Tsu</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lin</namePart>
<affiliation>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yu‐Ming</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Wang</namePart>
<affiliation>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yi‐Chien</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yeh</namePart>
<affiliation>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</affiliation>
<affiliation>Institute of Medical Research, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Konan</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Peck</namePart>
<affiliation>Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bai‐Ling</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lin</namePart>
<affiliation>Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei, Taiwan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Huan‐Wun</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Liu</namePart>
<affiliation>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ann</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chen</namePart>
<affiliation>Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Chang‐Shen</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lin</namePart>
<affiliation>National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan</affiliation>
<affiliation>E-mail: lincs@nhri.org.tw</affiliation>
<affiliation>Jau‐Ling Huang, Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, 396, Chang Jung Rd., Sec. 1, Kway Jen, Tainan, Taiwan.===Chang‐Shen Lin, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.===</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource>
<genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre>
<originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher>
<place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm>
</place>
<dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2005-10</dateIssued>
<dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2005-06-15</dateValid>
<copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2005</copyrightDate>
</originInfo>
<language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm>
<languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm>
</language>
<physicalDescription><extent unit="figures">1</extent>
<extent unit="tables">6</extent>
<extent unit="references">31</extent>
<extent unit="words">1323</extent>
</physicalDescription>
<abstract lang="en">The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was caused by a newly identified coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) in 2003. To detect early SARS‐CoV infection, a one‐step, real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay was developed that could simultaneously detect nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and spike (S) genes of SARS‐CoV with the same PCR condition using either Applied Biosystems (ABI) Prism 7700 Sequence Detection System or Roche LightCycler. The sensitivity of this assay was evaluated using cell culture‐derived viruses, in vitro transcribed viral RNA, and clinical specimens. The SARS‐S, ‐M, and ‐N primer/probe sets described in this paper could detect one to ten copies of in vitro transcribed S, M, and N RNA per test using both the ABI and Roche assay systems. The relative sensitivities for detecting cell culture‐derived SARS‐CoV were 0.01, 0.01, and 0.001 PFU/test, respectively. It showed that SARS‐N has comparable detection efficiencies to SARS2 and SARS3 which are primers sets designed by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In addition, SARS‐S and SARS‐M also demonstrated equivalent sensitivity to the commercially available RealArt HPA‐Coronavirus reagents (Artus). The relative sensitivity of these primer/probe sets was also examined using human sera spiked viruses and clinical specimens from four confirmed SARS patients. Similar results as above were obtained. Specificity tests and sequence alignment showed that these primer/probe sets annealed perfectly to 31 isolates of SARS‐CoV; and there was no cross detection with other coronaviruses and human respiratory tract‐associated viruses. Therefore, not only is it compatible with the ABI and Roche systems, this multiple‐gene detection assay also has the merit of being a rapid, safe, sensitive, and specific tool for accurate diagnosis of SARS‐CoV infection. J. Med. Virol. 77:151–158, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract>
<note type="funding">SARS Task Force, National Science Council - No. NSC 92‐2751‐B‐016‐005‐Y; </note>
<note type="funding">The Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan</note>
<subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre>
<topic>SARS</topic>
<topic>SARS‐CoV structural genes</topic>
<topic>Coronavirus</topic>
<topic>real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR</topic>
<topic>TaqMan assay</topic>
</subject>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Medical Virology</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Med. Virol.</title>
</titleInfo>
<genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre>
<subject><genre>article-category</genre>
<topic>Research Article</topic>
</subject>
<identifier type="ISSN">0146-6615</identifier>
<identifier type="eISSN">1096-9071</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9071</identifier>
<identifier type="PublisherID">JMV</identifier>
<part><date>2005</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>77</number>
</detail>
<detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption>
<number>2</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>151</start>
<end>158</end>
<total>8</total>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit1"><titleInfo><title>Rapid and sensitive diagnosis of human adenovirus infections by a generic polymerase chain reaction</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Avellon</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Perez</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JC</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Aguilar</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lejarazu</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JE</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Echevarria</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Avellon A, Perez P, Aguilar JC, Lejarazu R, Echevarria JE. 2001. Rapid and sensitive diagnosis of human adenovirus infections by a generic polymerase chain reaction. J Virol Methods 92: 113–120.</note>
<part><date>2001</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>92</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>113</start>
<end>120</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Virol Methods</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2001</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>92</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>113</start>
<end>120</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit2"><titleInfo><title>Arboviruses</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Beaty</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CH</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Calisher</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Shope</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>book-chapter</genre>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Diagnostics procedures for viral rickettsial and chalmydia infection</title>
</titleInfo>
<originInfo><publisher>American Public Health Association</publisher>
<place><placeTerm type="text">Washington</placeTerm>
</place>
</originInfo>
<part><date>1989</date>
<extent unit="pages"><start>797</start>
<end>856</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit3"><titleInfo><title>Comparative analysis of the SARS coronavirus genome: A good start to a long journey</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EG</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Brown</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tetro</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Brown EG, Tetro JA. 2003. Comparative analysis of the SARS coronavirus genome: A good start to a long journey. Lancet 361: 1756–1757.</note>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>361</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1756</start>
<end>1757</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Lancet</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>361</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1756</start>
<end>1757</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit4"><titleInfo><title>Absolute quantification of mRNA using real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SA</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Bustin</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Bustin SA. 2000. Absolute quantification of mRNA using real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. J Med Endocrinol 25: 169–193.</note>
<part><date>2000</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>25</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>169</start>
<end>193</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Med Endocrinol</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2000</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>25</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>169</start>
<end>193</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit5"><titleInfo><title>Simultaneous detection of influenza A, B, and C viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenoviruses in clinical samples by multiplex reverse transcription nested‐PCR assay</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MT</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Coiras</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Perez‐Brena</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ML</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Garcia</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Casas</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Coiras MT, Perez‐Brena P, Garcia ML, Casas I. 2003. Simultaneous detection of influenza A, B, and C viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenoviruses in clinical samples by multiplex reverse transcription nested‐PCR assay. J Med Virol 69: 132–144.</note>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>69</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>132</start>
<end>144</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Med Virol</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>69</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>132</start>
<end>144</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit6"><titleInfo><title>Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Drosten</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Gunther</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Preiser</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">van der Werf</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HR</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Brodt</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Becker</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Rabenau</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Panning</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kolesnikova</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RA</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Fouchier</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Berger</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Burguiere</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Cinatl</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Eickmann</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Escriou</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Grywna</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kramme</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JC</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Manuguerra</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Muller</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Rickerts</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Sturmer</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Vieth</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HD</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Klenk</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AD</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Osterhaus</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Schmitz</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HW</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Doerr</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Drosten C, Gunther S, Preiser W, van der Werf S, Brodt HR, Becker S, Rabenau H, Panning M, Kolesnikova L, Fouchier RA, Berger A, Burguiere AM, Cinatl J, Eickmann M, Escriou N, Grywna K, Kramme S, Manuguerra JC, Muller S, Rickerts V, Sturmer M, Vieth S, Klenk HD, Osterhaus AD, Schmitz H, Doerr HW. 2003. Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. New Engl J Med 348: 1967–1976.</note>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>348</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1967</start>
<end>1976</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>New Engl J Med</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>348</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1967</start>
<end>1976</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit7"><titleInfo><title>Real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction assay for SARS‐associated coronavirus</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SL</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Emery</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DD</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Erdman</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MD</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Bowen</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BR</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Newton</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Winchell</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RF</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Meyer</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tong</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BT</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Cook</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BP</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Holloway</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KA</namePart>
<namePart type="family">McCaustland</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PA</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Rota</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Bankamp</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LE</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lowe</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TG</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ksiazek</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Bellini</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Anderson</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Emery SL, Erdman DD, Bowen MD, Newton BR, Winchell JM, Meyer RF, Tong S, Cook BT, Holloway BP, McCaustland KA, Rota PA, Bankamp B, Lowe LE, Ksiazek TG, Bellini WJ, Anderson LJ. 2004. Real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction assay for SARS‐associated coronavirus. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 311–316.</note>
<part><date>2004</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>10</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>311</start>
<end>316</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Emerg Infect Dis</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2004</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>10</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>311</start>
<end>316</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit8"><titleInfo><title>Transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus packaging signal is located at the 5′ end of the virus genome</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Escors</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Izeta</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Capiscol</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Enjuanes</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Escors D, Izeta A, Capiscol C, Enjuanes L. 2003. Transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus packaging signal is located at the 5′ end of the virus genome. J Virol 77: 7890–7902.</note>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>77</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>7890</start>
<end>7902</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Virol</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>77</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>7890</start>
<end>7902</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit9"><titleInfo><title>Aetiology: Koch's postulates fulfilled for SARS virus</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RA</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Fouchier</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kuiken</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Schutten</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart>
<namePart type="family">van Amerongen</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">van Doornum</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BG</namePart>
<namePart type="family">van den Hoogen</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Peiris</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lim</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Stohr</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AD</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Osterhaus</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Fouchier RA, Kuiken T, Schutten M, van Amerongen G, van Doornum GJ, van den Hoogen BG, Peiris M, Lim W, Stohr K, Osterhaus AD. 2003. Aetiology: Koch's postulates fulfilled for SARS virus. Nature 423: 240.</note>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>423</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>240</start>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Nature</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>423</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>240</start>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit10"><titleInfo><title>Coronaviruses</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KV</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Holmes</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>book-chapter</genre>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Fields virology</title>
</titleInfo>
<originInfo><publisher>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</publisher>
<place><placeTerm type="text">Philadelphia</placeTerm>
</place>
</originInfo>
<part><date>2001</date>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1187</start>
<end>1203</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit11"><titleInfo><title>Sensitive and specific detection of strains of Japanese encephalitis virus using a one‐step TaqMan RT‐PCR technique</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Huang</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HT</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lin</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Wang</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Weng</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DD</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ji</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MD</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kuo</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HW</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Liu</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lin</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Huang JL, Lin HT, Wang YM, Weng MS, Ji DD, Kuo MD, Liu HW, Lin CS. 2004. Sensitive and specific detection of strains of Japanese encephalitis virus using a one‐step TaqMan RT‐PCR technique. J Med Virol 74: 589–596.</note>
<part><date>2004</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>74</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>589</start>
<end>596</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Med Virol</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2004</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>74</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>589</start>
<end>596</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit12"><titleInfo><title>A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TG</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ksiazek</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Erdman</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Goldsmith</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SR</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Zaki</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Peret</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Emery</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tong</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Urbani</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Comer</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lim</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PE</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Rollin</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SF</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Dowell</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AE</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ling</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CD</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Humphrey</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Shieh</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Guarner</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CD</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Paddock</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Rota</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Fields</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart>
<namePart type="family">DeRisi</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JY</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yang</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Cox</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Hughes</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JW</namePart>
<namePart type="family">LeDuc</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Bellini</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Anderson</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Ksiazek TG, Erdman D, Goldsmith CS, Zaki SR, Peret T, Emery S, Tong S, Urbani C, Comer JA, Lim W, Rollin PE, Dowell SF, Ling AE, Humphrey CD, Shieh WJ, Guarner J, Paddock CD, Rota P, Fields B, DeRisi J, Yang JY, Cox N, Hughes JM, LeDuc JW, Bellini WJ, Anderson LJ. 2003. A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome. N Engl J Med 348: 1953–1966.</note>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>348</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1953</start>
<end>1966</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>N Engl J Med</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>348</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1953</start>
<end>1966</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit13"><titleInfo><title>Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of sever acute respiratory syndrome</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kuiken</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RA</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Fouchier</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Schutten</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GF</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Rimmelzwaan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart>
<namePart type="family">van Amerongen</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart>
<namePart type="family">van Riel</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JD</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Laman</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart>
<namePart type="family">de Jong</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart>
<namePart type="family">van Doornum</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lim</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AE</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ling</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PK</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tam</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MC</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Zambon</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Gopal</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Drosten</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">van der Werf</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Escriou</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JC</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Manuguerra</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Stohr</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Peiris</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AD</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Osterhaus</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Kuiken T, Fouchier RA, Schutten M, Rimmelzwaan GF, van Amerongen G, van Riel D, Laman JD, de Jong T, van Doornum G, Lim W, Ling AE, Chan PK, Tam JS, Zambon MC, Gopal R, Drosten C, van der Werf S, Escriou N, Manuguerra JC, Stohr K, Peiris JS, Osterhaus AD. 2003. Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of sever acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet 362: 263–270.</note>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>362</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>263</start>
<end>270</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Lancet</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>362</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>263</start>
<end>270</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit14"><titleInfo><title>Coronaviridae: The viruses and their replication</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MMC</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lai</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KV</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Holmes</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>book-chapter</genre>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Fields Virology</title>
</titleInfo>
<originInfo><publisher>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</publisher>
<place><placeTerm type="text">Philadelphia</placeTerm>
</place>
</originInfo>
<part><date>2001</date>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1163</start>
<end>1185</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit15"><titleInfo><title>Rapid detection of west nile virus from human clinical specimens, field‐collected mosquitoes, and avian samples by a TaqMan reverse transcriptase‐PCR assay</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lanciotti</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kerst</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Nasci</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Godsey</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Mitchell</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Savage</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Komar</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NA</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Panella</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BC</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Allen</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KE</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Volpe</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Davis</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JT</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Roehrig</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Lanciotti R, Kerst AJ, Nasci RS, Godsey MS, Mitchell CJ, Savage HM, Komar N, Panella NA, Allen BC, Volpe KE, Davis BS, Roehrig JT. 2000. Rapid detection of west nile virus from human clinical specimens, field‐collected mosquitoes, and avian samples by a TaqMan reverse transcriptase‐PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol 38: 4066–4071.</note>
<part><date>2000</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>38</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>4066</start>
<end>4071</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Clin Microbiol</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2000</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>38</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>4066</start>
<end>4071</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit16"><titleInfo><title>A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lee</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Hui</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Wu</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Cameron</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Joynt</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ahuja</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MY</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yung</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CB</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Leung</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KF</namePart>
<namePart type="family">To</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SF</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lui</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CC</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Szeto</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chung</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Sung</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Lee N, Hui D, Wu A, Chan P, Cameron P, Joynt GM, Ahuja A, Yung MY, Leung CB, To KF, Lui SF, Szeto CC, Chung S, Sung JJ. 2003. A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. New Engl J Med 348: 1986–1994.</note>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>348</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1986</start>
<end>1994</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>New Engl J Med</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>348</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1986</start>
<end>1994</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit17"><titleInfo><title>Rapid and sensitive routine detection of all members of the genus enterovirus in different clinical specimens by real‐time PCR</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Nijhuis</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart>
<namePart type="family">van Maarseveen</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Schuurman</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Verkuijlen</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">de Vos</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Hendrisken</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">van Loon</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Nijhuis M, van Maarseveen N, Schuurman R, Verkuijlen S, de Vos M, Hendrisken K, van Loon AM. 2002. Rapid and sensitive routine detection of all members of the genus enterovirus in different clinical specimens by real‐time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 40: 3666–3670.</note>
<part><date>2002</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>40</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>3666</start>
<end>3670</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Clin Microbiol</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2002</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>40</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>3666</start>
<end>3670</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit18"><titleInfo><title>Clinical progression and viral load in a com munity outbreak of coronavirus‐associated SARS pneumonia: A prospective study</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Peiris</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chu</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">VC</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Cheng</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">IF</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Hung</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LL</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Poon</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KI</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Law</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tang</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TY</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Hon</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KH</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ng</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Zheng</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WL</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ng</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RW</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lai</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Guan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KY</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yuen</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Peiris JS, Chu CM, Cheng VC, Chan KS, Hung IF, Poon LL, Law KI, Tang BS, Hon TY, Chan CS, Chan KH, Ng JS, Zheng BJ, Ng WL, Lai RW, Guan Y, Yuen KY. 2003a. Clinical progression and viral load in a com munity outbreak of coronavirus‐associated SARS pneumonia: A prospective study. Lancet 361: 1767–1772.</note>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>361</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1767</start>
<end>1772</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Lancet</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>361</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1767</start>
<end>1772</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit19"><titleInfo><title>Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Peiris</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ST</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lai</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LL</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Poon</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Guan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LY</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yam</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lim</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Nicholls</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WK</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yee</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WW</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MT</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Cheung</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">VC</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Cheng</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KH</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DN</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tsang</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RW</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yung</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TK</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ng</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KY</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yuen</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Peiris JS, Lai ST, Poon LL, Guan Y, Yam LY, Lim W, Nicholls J, Yee WK, Yan WW, Cheung MT, Cheng VC, Chan KH, Tsang DN, Yung RW, Ng TK, Yuen KY. 2003b. Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet 361: 1319–1325.</note>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>361</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1319</start>
<end>1325</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Lancet</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>361</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1319</start>
<end>1325</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit20"><titleInfo><title>Early diagnosis of SARS coronavirus infection by real time RT‐PCR</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LL</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Poon</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KH</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">OK</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Wong</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WC</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yam</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KY</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yuen</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Guan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lo</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Peiris</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Poon LL, Chan KH, Wong OK, Yam WC, Yuen KY, Guan Y, Lo YM, Peiris JS. 2003. Early diagnosis of SARS coronavirus infection by real time RT‐PCR. J Clin Virol 28: 233–238.</note>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>28</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>233</start>
<end>238</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Clin Virol</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>28</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>233</start>
<end>238</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit21"><titleInfo><title>Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Canada</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Poutanen</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DE</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Low</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Henry</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Finkelstein</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Rose</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Green</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tellier</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Draker</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Adachi</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ayers</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AK</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Skowronski</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Salit</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AE</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Simor</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Slutsky</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PW</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Doyle</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Krajden</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Petric</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RC</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Brunham</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">McGeer</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Poutanen SM, Low DE, Henry B, Finkelstein S, Rose D, Green K, Tellier R, Draker R, Adachi D, Ayers M, Chan AK, Skowronski DM, Salit I, Simor AE, Slutsky AS, Doyle PW, Krajden M, Petric M, Brunham RC, McGeer AJ. 2003. Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Canada. New Engl J Med 348: 1995– 2005.</note>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>348</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1995</start>
<end>2005</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>New Engl J Med</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>348</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1995</start>
<end>2005</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit22"><titleInfo><title>Characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Rota</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Oberste</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Monroe</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WA</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Nix</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Campagnoli</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JP</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Icenogle</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Penaranda</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Bankamp</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Maher</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MH</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chen</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tong</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tamin</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lowe</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Frace</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JL</namePart>
<namePart type="family">DeRisi</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Q</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chen</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Wang</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DD</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Erdman</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TC</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Peret</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Burns</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TG</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ksiazek</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PE</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Rollin</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Sanchez</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Liffick</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Holloway</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Limor</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart>
<namePart type="family">McCaustland</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Olsen‐Rasmussen</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Fouchier</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Gunther</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AD</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Osterhaus</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Drosten</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MA</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Pallansch</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Anderson</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">WJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Bellini</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Rota P, Oberste MS, Monroe SS, Nix WA, Campagnoli R, Icenogle JP, Penaranda S, Bankamp B, Maher K, Chen MH, Tong S, Tamin A, Lowe L, Frace M, DeRisi JL, Chen Q, Wang D, Erdman DD, Peret TC, Burns C, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Sanchez A, Liffick S, Holloway B, Limor J, McCaustland K, Olsen‐Rasmussen M, Fouchier R, Gunther S, Osterhaus AD, Drosten C, Pallansch MA, Anderson LJ, Bellini WJ. 2003. Characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Science 300: 1394–1399.</note>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>300</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1394</start>
<end>1399</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Science</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>300</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1394</start>
<end>1399</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit23"><titleInfo><title>Comparative full‐length genome sequence analysis of 14 SARS coronavirus isolates and common mutations associated with putative origins of infection</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ruan</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CL</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Wei</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">AL</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ee</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">VB</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Vega</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Thoreau</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ST</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Su</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chia</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ng</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KP</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chiu</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lim</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Zhang</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CK</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Peng</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">EO</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lin</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lee</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SL</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yee</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LF</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ng</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">RE</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chee</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LW</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Stanton</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Long</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ET</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Liu</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Ruan YJ, Wei CL, Ee AL, Vega VB, Thoreau H, Su ST, Chia JM, Ng P, Chiu KP, Lim L, Zhang T, Peng CK, Lin EO, Lee NM, Yee SL, Ng LF, Chee RE, Stanton LW, Long PM, Liu ET. 2003. Comparative full‐length genome sequence analysis of 14 SARS coronavirus isolates and common mutations associated with putative origins of infection. Lancet 361: 1779–1785.</note>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>361</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1779</start>
<end>1785</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Lancet</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>361</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1779</start>
<end>1785</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit24"><titleInfo><title>Comparison of immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies and RT‐PCR for the detection of human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 in cell culture</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Sizun</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Arbour</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Talbot</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Sizun J, Arbour N, Talbot PJ. 1998. Comparison of immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies and RT‐PCR for the detection of human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 in cell culture. J Virol Methods 72: 145–152.</note>
<part><date>1998</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>72</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>145</start>
<end>152</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Virol Methods</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>1998</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>72</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>145</start>
<end>152</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit25"><titleInfo><title>Coronavirus genomic‐sequence variations and the epidemiology of the severe acute respiratory syndrome</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SK</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tsui</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chim</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YM</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lo</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Tsui SK, Chim SS, Lo YM. 2003. Coronavirus genomic‐sequence variations and the epidemiology of the severe acute respiratory syndrome. New Engl J Med 349: 187–188.</note>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>349</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>187</start>
<end>188</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>New Engl J Med</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>349</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>187</start>
<end>188</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit26"><titleInfo><title>Direct diagnosis of human respiratory coronaviruses 229E and OC43 by the polymease chain reaction</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Vabret</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Mouthon</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Mourez</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Gouarin</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Petitjean</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Freymuth</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Vabret A, Mouthon F, Mourez T, Gouarin S, Petitjean J, Freymuth F. 2001. Direct diagnosis of human respiratory coronaviruses 229E and OC43 by the polymease chain reaction. J Virol Methods 97: 59–66.</note>
<part><date>2001</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>97</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>59</start>
<end>66</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Virol Methods</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2001</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>97</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>59</start>
<end>66</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit27"><titleInfo><title>Single rapid TaqMan fluorogenic probe based PCR assay that detects all four dengue serotypes</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Warrilow</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JA</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Northill</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Pyke</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">GA</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Smith</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Warrilow D, Northill JA, Pyke A, Smith GA. 2002. Single rapid TaqMan fluorogenic probe based PCR assay that detects all four dengue serotypes. J Clin Microbiol 66: 524–528.</note>
<part><date>2002</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>66</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>524</start>
<end>528</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J Clin Microbiol</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2002</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>66</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>524</start>
<end>528</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit28"><titleInfo><title>WHO. World Health Organization.http://www.who.int/csr/sars/ labmethods/en/.</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="corporate"><namePart>WHO</namePart>
</name>
<genre>other</genre>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit29"><titleInfo><title>WHO.2003a. World Health Organization.http://www.who.int/csr/sars/diagnostictests/en/.</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="corporate"><namePart>WHO</namePart>
</name>
<genre>other</genre>
<part><date>2003</date>
</part>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit30"><titleInfo><title>WHO.2003b. World Health Organization.http://www.who.int/csr/sars/coronarecommendations/en/.</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="corporate"><namePart>WHO</namePart>
</name>
<genre>other</genre>
<part><date>2003</date>
</part>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit31"><titleInfo><title>Characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus genomes in Taiwan: Molecular epidemiology and genome evolution</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SH</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yeh</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HY</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Wang</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CY</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tsai</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CL</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kao</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JY</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yang</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HW</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Liu</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">IJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Su</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">SF</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tsai</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">DS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chen</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PJ</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Chen</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<genre>journal-article</genre>
<note type="citation/reference">Yeh SH, Wang HY, Tsai CY, Kao CL, Yang JY, Liu HW, Su IJ, Tsai SF, Chen DS, Chen PJ. 2004. Characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus genomes in Taiwan: Molecular epidemiology and genome evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 2542–2547.</note>
<part><date>2004</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>101</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>2542</start>
<end>2547</end>
</extent>
</part>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</title>
</titleInfo>
<part><date>2004</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>101</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>2542</start>
<end>2547</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
</relatedItem>
<identifier type="istex">4CE919B653183838A834334ED61DEEE905FCE822</identifier>
<identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-ZVNZ6330-B</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1002/jmv.20432</identifier>
<identifier type="ArticleID">JMV20432</identifier>
<accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</accessCondition>
<recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-L0C46X92-X">wiley</recordContentSource>
<recordOrigin>Converted from (version ) to MODS version 3.6.</recordOrigin>
<recordCreationDate encoding="w3cdtf">2019-11-15</recordCreationDate>
</recordInfo>
</mods>
<json:item><extension>json</extension>
<original>false</original>
<mimetype>application/json</mimetype>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-ZVNZ6330-B/record.json</uri>
</json:item>
</metadata>
<serie></serie>
</istex>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/SrasV1/Data/Istex/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000190 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000190 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Sante |area= SrasV1 |flux= Istex |étape= Corpus |type= RBID |clé= ISTEX:4CE919B653183838A834334ED61DEEE905FCE822 |texte= Rapid and sensitive detection of multiple genes from the SARS‐Coronavirus using quantitative RT‐PCR with dual systems }}
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. | ![]() |