Optimal timing of antiretroviral treatment initiation in HIV-positive children and adolescents: a multiregional analysis from Southern Africa, West Africa and Europe.
Identifieur interne : 000E39 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000E38; suivant : 000E40Optimal timing of antiretroviral treatment initiation in HIV-positive children and adolescents: a multiregional analysis from Southern Africa, West Africa and Europe.
Auteurs : Michael Schomaker ; Valeriane Leroy ; Tom Wolfs ; Karl-Günter Technau ; Lorna Renner ; Ali Judd ; Shobna Sawry ; Madeleine Amorissani-Folquet ; Antoni Noguera-Julian ; Frank Tanser ; François Eboua ; Maria Luisa Navarro ; Cleophas Chimbetete ; Clarisse Amani-Bosse ; Josiane Warszawski ; Sam Phiri ; Sylvie N'Gbeche ; Vivian Cox ; Fla Koueta ; Janet Giddy ; Haby Sygnaté-Sy ; Dorthe Raben ; Geneviève Chêne ; Mary-Ann DaviesSource :
- International journal of epidemiology [ 1464-3685 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
There is limited knowledge about the optimal timing of antiretroviral treatment initiation in older children and adolescents.
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw097
PubMed: 27342220
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Optimal timing of antiretroviral treatment initiation in HIV-positive children and adolescents: a multiregional analysis from Southern Africa, West Africa and Europe.</title><author><name sortKey="Schomaker, Michael" sort="Schomaker, Michael" uniqKey="Schomaker M" first="Michael" last="Schomaker">Michael Schomaker</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leroy, Valeriane" sort="Leroy, Valeriane" uniqKey="Leroy V" first="Valeriane" last="Leroy">Valeriane Leroy</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Inserm, U1027, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3 Toulouse, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolfs, Tom" sort="Wolfs, Tom" uniqKey="Wolfs T" first="Tom" last="Wolfs">Tom Wolfs</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Children's Hospital/UMCU, Department of Infectious Diseases, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Technau, Karl Gunter" sort="Technau, Karl Gunter" uniqKey="Technau K" first="Karl-Günter" last="Technau">Karl-Günter Technau</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renner, Lorna" sort="Renner, Lorna" uniqKey="Renner L" first="Lorna" last="Renner">Lorna Renner</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Judd, Ali" sort="Judd, Ali" uniqKey="Judd A" first="Ali" last="Judd">Ali Judd</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sawry, Shobna" sort="Sawry, Shobna" uniqKey="Sawry S" first="Shobna" last="Sawry">Shobna Sawry</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of the Witwatersrand, Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amorissani Folquet, Madeleine" sort="Amorissani Folquet, Madeleine" uniqKey="Amorissani Folquet M" first="Madeleine" last="Amorissani-Folquet">Madeleine Amorissani-Folquet</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Félix Houphouët Boigny University Hospital, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Noguera Julian, Antoni" sort="Noguera Julian, Antoni" uniqKey="Noguera Julian A" first="Antoni" last="Noguera-Julian">Antoni Noguera-Julian</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanser, Frank" sort="Tanser, Frank" uniqKey="Tanser F" first="Frank" last="Tanser">Frank Tanser</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eboua, Francois" sort="Eboua, Francois" uniqKey="Eboua F" first="François" last="Eboua">François Eboua</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Yopougon University Hospital, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Navarro, Maria Luisa" sort="Navarro, Maria Luisa" uniqKey="Navarro M" first="Maria Luisa" last="Navarro">Maria Luisa Navarro</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chimbetete, Cleophas" sort="Chimbetete, Cleophas" uniqKey="Chimbetete C" first="Cleophas" last="Chimbetete">Cleophas Chimbetete</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Newlands Clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amani Bosse, Clarisse" sort="Amani Bosse, Clarisse" uniqKey="Amani Bosse C" first="Clarisse" last="Amani-Bosse">Clarisse Amani-Bosse</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>MTCT-Plus Center, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Warszawski, Josiane" sort="Warszawski, Josiane" uniqKey="Warszawski J" first="Josiane" last="Warszawski">Josiane Warszawski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations, 1018 Inserm, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Phiri, Sam" sort="Phiri, Sam" uniqKey="Phiri S" first="Sam" last="Phiri">Sam Phiri</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Lighthouse Trust Clinic, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="N Gbeche, Sylvie" sort="N Gbeche, Sylvie" uniqKey="N Gbeche S" first="Sylvie" last="N'Gbeche">Sylvie N'Gbeche</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre de Prise en Charge de Recherche et de Formation Enfants, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cox, Vivian" sort="Cox, Vivian" uniqKey="Cox V" first="Vivian" last="Cox">Vivian Cox</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Médecins Sans Frontiéres South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koueta, Fla" sort="Koueta, Fla" uniqKey="Koueta F" first="Fla" last="Koueta">Fla Koueta</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Charles de Gaulle University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giddy, Janet" sort="Giddy, Janet" uniqKey="Giddy J" first="Janet" last="Giddy">Janet Giddy</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Sinikithemba Clinic, McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sygnate Sy, Haby" sort="Sygnate Sy, Haby" uniqKey="Sygnate Sy H" first="Haby" last="Sygnaté-Sy">Haby Sygnaté-Sy</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Albert Royer Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raben, Dorthe" sort="Raben, Dorthe" uniqKey="Raben D" first="Dorthe" last="Raben">Dorthe Raben</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chene, Genevieve" sort="Chene, Genevieve" uniqKey="Chene G" first="Geneviève" last="Chêne">Geneviève Chêne</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Bordeaux Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219-Bordeaux Population Health, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davies, Mary Ann" sort="Davies, Mary Ann" uniqKey="Davies M" first="Mary-Ann" last="Davies">Mary-Ann Davies</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:27342220</idno><idno type="pmid">27342220</idno><idno type="doi">10.1093/ije/dyw097</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000E39</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000E39</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Optimal timing of antiretroviral treatment initiation in HIV-positive children and adolescents: a multiregional analysis from Southern Africa, West Africa and Europe.</title><author><name sortKey="Schomaker, Michael" sort="Schomaker, Michael" uniqKey="Schomaker M" first="Michael" last="Schomaker">Michael Schomaker</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leroy, Valeriane" sort="Leroy, Valeriane" uniqKey="Leroy V" first="Valeriane" last="Leroy">Valeriane Leroy</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Inserm, U1027, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3 Toulouse, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolfs, Tom" sort="Wolfs, Tom" uniqKey="Wolfs T" first="Tom" last="Wolfs">Tom Wolfs</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Children's Hospital/UMCU, Department of Infectious Diseases, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Technau, Karl Gunter" sort="Technau, Karl Gunter" uniqKey="Technau K" first="Karl-Günter" last="Technau">Karl-Günter Technau</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renner, Lorna" sort="Renner, Lorna" uniqKey="Renner L" first="Lorna" last="Renner">Lorna Renner</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Judd, Ali" sort="Judd, Ali" uniqKey="Judd A" first="Ali" last="Judd">Ali Judd</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sawry, Shobna" sort="Sawry, Shobna" uniqKey="Sawry S" first="Shobna" last="Sawry">Shobna Sawry</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of the Witwatersrand, Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amorissani Folquet, Madeleine" sort="Amorissani Folquet, Madeleine" uniqKey="Amorissani Folquet M" first="Madeleine" last="Amorissani-Folquet">Madeleine Amorissani-Folquet</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Félix Houphouët Boigny University Hospital, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Noguera Julian, Antoni" sort="Noguera Julian, Antoni" uniqKey="Noguera Julian A" first="Antoni" last="Noguera-Julian">Antoni Noguera-Julian</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanser, Frank" sort="Tanser, Frank" uniqKey="Tanser F" first="Frank" last="Tanser">Frank Tanser</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eboua, Francois" sort="Eboua, Francois" uniqKey="Eboua F" first="François" last="Eboua">François Eboua</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Yopougon University Hospital, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Navarro, Maria Luisa" sort="Navarro, Maria Luisa" uniqKey="Navarro M" first="Maria Luisa" last="Navarro">Maria Luisa Navarro</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chimbetete, Cleophas" sort="Chimbetete, Cleophas" uniqKey="Chimbetete C" first="Cleophas" last="Chimbetete">Cleophas Chimbetete</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Newlands Clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amani Bosse, Clarisse" sort="Amani Bosse, Clarisse" uniqKey="Amani Bosse C" first="Clarisse" last="Amani-Bosse">Clarisse Amani-Bosse</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>MTCT-Plus Center, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Warszawski, Josiane" sort="Warszawski, Josiane" uniqKey="Warszawski J" first="Josiane" last="Warszawski">Josiane Warszawski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations, 1018 Inserm, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Phiri, Sam" sort="Phiri, Sam" uniqKey="Phiri S" first="Sam" last="Phiri">Sam Phiri</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Lighthouse Trust Clinic, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="N Gbeche, Sylvie" sort="N Gbeche, Sylvie" uniqKey="N Gbeche S" first="Sylvie" last="N'Gbeche">Sylvie N'Gbeche</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre de Prise en Charge de Recherche et de Formation Enfants, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cox, Vivian" sort="Cox, Vivian" uniqKey="Cox V" first="Vivian" last="Cox">Vivian Cox</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Médecins Sans Frontiéres South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koueta, Fla" sort="Koueta, Fla" uniqKey="Koueta F" first="Fla" last="Koueta">Fla Koueta</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Charles de Gaulle University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giddy, Janet" sort="Giddy, Janet" uniqKey="Giddy J" first="Janet" last="Giddy">Janet Giddy</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Sinikithemba Clinic, McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sygnate Sy, Haby" sort="Sygnate Sy, Haby" uniqKey="Sygnate Sy H" first="Haby" last="Sygnaté-Sy">Haby Sygnaté-Sy</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Albert Royer Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raben, Dorthe" sort="Raben, Dorthe" uniqKey="Raben D" first="Dorthe" last="Raben">Dorthe Raben</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chene, Genevieve" sort="Chene, Genevieve" uniqKey="Chene G" first="Geneviève" last="Chêne">Geneviève Chêne</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Bordeaux Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219-Bordeaux Population Health, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davies, Mary Ann" sort="Davies, Mary Ann" uniqKey="Davies M" first="Mary-Ann" last="Davies">Mary-Ann Davies</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International journal of epidemiology</title><idno type="eISSN">1464-3685</idno><imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">There is limited knowledge about the optimal timing of antiretroviral treatment initiation in older children and adolescents.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Process" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27342220</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2016</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>25</Day></DateCreated><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>22</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1464-3685</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>46</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2017</Year><Month>Apr</Month><Day>01</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>International journal of epidemiology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Int J Epidemiol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Optimal timing of antiretroviral treatment initiation in HIV-positive children and adolescents: a multiregional analysis from Southern Africa, West Africa and Europe.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>453-465</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1093/ije/dyw097</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="Background" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">There is limited knowledge about the optimal timing of antiretroviral treatment initiation in older children and adolescents.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="Methods" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">A total of 20 576 antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naïve patients, aged 1-16 years at enrolment, from 19 cohorts in Europe, Southern Africa and West Africa, were included. We compared mortality and growth outcomes for different ART initiation criteria, aligned with previous and recent World Health Organization criteria, for 5 years of follow-up, adjusting for all measured baseline and time-dependent confounders using the g-formula.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="Results" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">Median (1st;3rd percentile) CD4 count at baseline was 676 cells/mm 3 (394; 1037) (children aged ≥ 1 and < 5 years), 373 (172; 630) (≥ 5 and < 10 years) and 238 (88; 425) (≥ 10 and < 16 years). There was a general trend towards lower mortality and better growth with earlier treatment initiation. In children < 10 years old at enrolment, by 5 years of follow-up there was lower mortality and a higher mean height-for-age z-score with immediate ART initiation versus delaying until CD4 count < 350 cells/mm 3 (or CD4% < 15% or weight-for-age z-score < -2) with absolute differences in mortality and height-for-age z-score of 0.3% (95% confidence interval: 0.1%; 0.6%) and -0.08 (-0.09; -0.06) (≥ 1 and < 5 years), and 0.3% (0.04%; 0.5%) and -0.07 (-0.08; -0.05) (≥ 5 and < 10 years). In those aged > 10 years at enrolment we did not find any difference in mortality or growth with immediate ART initiation, with estimated differences of -0.1% (-0.2%; 0.6%) and -0.03 (-0.05; 0.00), respectively. Growth differences in children aged < 10 years persisted for treatment thresholds using higher CD4 values. Regular follow-up led to better height and mortality outcomes.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="Conclusions" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">Immediate ART is associated with lower mortality and better growth for up to 5 years in children < 10 years old. Our results on adolescents were inconclusive.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schomaker</LastName><ForeName>Michael</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Leroy</LastName><ForeName>Valeriane</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Inserm, U1027, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3 Toulouse, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wolfs</LastName><ForeName>Tom</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Children's Hospital/UMCU, Department of Infectious Diseases, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Technau</LastName><ForeName>Karl-Günter</ForeName><Initials>KG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Renner</LastName><ForeName>Lorna</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Judd</LastName><ForeName>Ali</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sawry</LastName><ForeName>Shobna</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of the Witwatersrand, Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Amorissani-Folquet</LastName><ForeName>Madeleine</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Félix Houphouët Boigny University Hospital, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Noguera-Julian</LastName><ForeName>Antoni</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tanser</LastName><ForeName>Frank</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa - CAPRISA, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Congella, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Eboua</LastName><ForeName>François</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Yopougon University Hospital, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Navarro</LastName><ForeName>Maria Luisa</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chimbetete</LastName><ForeName>Cleophas</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Newlands Clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Amani-Bosse</LastName><ForeName>Clarisse</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MTCT-Plus Center, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Warszawski</LastName><ForeName>Josiane</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations, 1018 Inserm, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Phiri</LastName><ForeName>Sam</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Lighthouse Trust Clinic, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>N'Gbeche</LastName><ForeName>Sylvie</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre de Prise en Charge de Recherche et de Formation Enfants, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cox</LastName><ForeName>Vivian</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Médecins Sans Frontiéres South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Koueta</LastName><ForeName>Fla</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Charles de Gaulle University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Giddy</LastName><ForeName>Janet</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sinikithemba Clinic, McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sygnaté-Sy</LastName><ForeName>Haby</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Albert Royer Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raben</LastName><ForeName>Dorthe</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chêne</LastName><ForeName>Geneviève</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Bordeaux Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219-Bordeaux Population Health, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219-Bordeaux Population Health, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de santé publique, Service d information médicale, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Davies</LastName><ForeName>Mary-Ann</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><CollectiveName>IeDEA West and Southern Africa regional collaborations and COHERE in EuroCoord</CollectiveName></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>MC_UU_12023/17</GrantID><Agency>Medical Research Council</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>U01 AI069924</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Int J Epidemiol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>7802871</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0300-5771</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Antiretroviral treatment</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">causal inference</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">g-formula</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">paediatrics</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2016</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>31</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2016</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>28</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2016</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>28</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2016</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>26</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27342220</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">dyw097</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1093/ije/dyw097</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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