Support and performance improvement for primary health care workers in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of intervention design and methods.
Identifieur interne : 000156 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000155; suivant : 000157Support and performance improvement for primary health care workers in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of intervention design and methods.
Auteurs : Ashwin Vasan [États-Unis] ; David C. Mabey [Royaume-Uni] ; Simran Chaudhri [États-Unis] ; Helen-Ann Brown Epstein [États-Unis] ; Stephen D. Lawn [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Health policy and planning [ 1460-2237 ] ; 2017.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- methods : Delivery of Health Care.
- standards : Community Health Workers.
- Clinical Competence, Developing Countries, Humans, Mentors, Primary Health Care, Quality Improvement.
Abstract
Primary health care workers (HCWs) in low- and middle-income settings (LMIC) often work in challenging conditions in remote, rural areas, in isolation from the rest of the health system and particularly specialist care. Much attention has been given to implementation of interventions to support quality and performance improvement for workers in such settings. However, little is known about the design of such initiatives and which approaches predominate, let alone those that are most effective. We aimed for a broad understanding of what distinguishes different approaches to primary HCW support and performance improvement and to clarify the existing evidence as well as gaps in evidence in order to inform decision-making and design of programs intended to support and improve the performance of health workers in these settings. We systematically searched the literature for articles addressing this topic, and undertook a comparative review to document the principal approaches to performance and quality improvement for primary HCWs in LMIC settings. We identified 40 eligible papers reporting on interventions that we categorized into five different approaches: (1) supervision and supportive supervision; (2) mentoring; (3) tools and aids; (4) quality improvement methods, and (5) coaching. The variety of study designs and quality/performance indicators precluded a formal quantitative data synthesis. The most extensive literature was on supervision, but there was little clarity on what defines the most effective approach to the supervision activities themselves, let alone the design and implementation of supervision programs. The mentoring literature was limited, and largely focused on clinical skills building and educational strategies. Further research on how best to incorporate mentorship into pre-service clinical training, while maintaining its function within the routine health system, is needed. There is insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about coaching in this setting, however a review of the corporate and the business school literature is warranted to identify transferrable approaches. A substantial literature exists on tools, but significant variation in approaches makes comparison challenging. We found examples of effective individual projects and designs in specific settings, but there was a lack of comparative research on tools across approaches or across settings, and no systematic analysis within specific approaches to provide evidence with clear generalizability. Future research should prioritize comparative intervention trials to establish clear global standards for performance and quality improvement initiatives. Such standards will be critical to creating and sustaining a well-functioning health workforce and for global initiatives such as universal health coverage.
DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czw144
PubMed: 27993961
Affiliations:
- Royaume-Uni, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Grand Londres, État de New York
- Londres, New York
- Université Columbia
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:27993961Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Support and performance improvement for primary health care workers in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of intervention design and methods.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Vasan, Ashwin" sort="Vasan, Ashwin" uniqKey="Vasan A" first="Ashwin" last="Vasan">Ashwin Vasan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Population and Family Health & Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Population and Family Health & Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mabey, David C" sort="Mabey, David C" uniqKey="Mabey D" first="David C" last="Mabey">David C. Mabey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chaudhri, Simran" sort="Chaudhri, Simran" uniqKey="Chaudhri S" first="Simran" last="Chaudhri">Simran Chaudhri</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Population and Family Health & Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Population and Family Health & Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brown Epstein, Helen Ann" sort="Brown Epstein, Helen Ann" uniqKey="Brown Epstein H" first="Helen-Ann" last="Brown Epstein">Helen-Ann Brown Epstein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Medical Library, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medical Library, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lawn, Stephen D" sort="Lawn, Stephen D" uniqKey="Lawn S" first="Stephen D" last="Lawn">Stephen D. Lawn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<date when="2017">2017</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:27993961</idno>
<idno type="pmid">27993961</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1093/heapol/czw144</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000F50</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000F50</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000F50</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000F50</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000F50</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000F50</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Support and performance improvement for primary health care workers in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of intervention design and methods.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Vasan, Ashwin" sort="Vasan, Ashwin" uniqKey="Vasan A" first="Ashwin" last="Vasan">Ashwin Vasan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Population and Family Health & Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Population and Family Health & Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mabey, David C" sort="Mabey, David C" uniqKey="Mabey D" first="David C" last="Mabey">David C. Mabey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chaudhri, Simran" sort="Chaudhri, Simran" uniqKey="Chaudhri S" first="Simran" last="Chaudhri">Simran Chaudhri</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Population and Family Health & Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Population and Family Health & Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brown Epstein, Helen Ann" sort="Brown Epstein, Helen Ann" uniqKey="Brown Epstein H" first="Helen-Ann" last="Brown Epstein">Helen-Ann Brown Epstein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Medical Library, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medical Library, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lawn, Stephen D" sort="Lawn, Stephen D" uniqKey="Lawn S" first="Stephen D" last="Lawn">Stephen D. Lawn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Health policy and planning</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1460-2237</idno>
<imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Clinical Competence</term>
<term>Community Health Workers (standards)</term>
<term>Delivery of Health Care (methods)</term>
<term>Developing Countries</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Mentors</term>
<term>Primary Health Care</term>
<term>Quality Improvement</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agents de santé communautaire (normes)</term>
<term>Amélioration de la qualité</term>
<term>Compétence clinique</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Mentors</term>
<term>Pays en voie de développement</term>
<term>Prestations des soins de santé ()</term>
<term>Soins de santé primaires</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Delivery of Health Care</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="normes" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agents de santé communautaire</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="standards" xml:lang="en"><term>Community Health Workers</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Clinical Competence</term>
<term>Developing Countries</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Mentors</term>
<term>Primary Health Care</term>
<term>Quality Improvement</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Amélioration de la qualité</term>
<term>Compétence clinique</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Mentors</term>
<term>Pays en voie de développement</term>
<term>Prestations des soins de santé</term>
<term>Soins de santé primaires</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Primary health care workers (HCWs) in low- and middle-income settings (LMIC) often work in challenging conditions in remote, rural areas, in isolation from the rest of the health system and particularly specialist care. Much attention has been given to implementation of interventions to support quality and performance improvement for workers in such settings. However, little is known about the design of such initiatives and which approaches predominate, let alone those that are most effective. We aimed for a broad understanding of what distinguishes different approaches to primary HCW support and performance improvement and to clarify the existing evidence as well as gaps in evidence in order to inform decision-making and design of programs intended to support and improve the performance of health workers in these settings. We systematically searched the literature for articles addressing this topic, and undertook a comparative review to document the principal approaches to performance and quality improvement for primary HCWs in LMIC settings. We identified 40 eligible papers reporting on interventions that we categorized into five different approaches: (1) supervision and supportive supervision; (2) mentoring; (3) tools and aids; (4) quality improvement methods, and (5) coaching. The variety of study designs and quality/performance indicators precluded a formal quantitative data synthesis. The most extensive literature was on supervision, but there was little clarity on what defines the most effective approach to the supervision activities themselves, let alone the design and implementation of supervision programs. The mentoring literature was limited, and largely focused on clinical skills building and educational strategies. Further research on how best to incorporate mentorship into pre-service clinical training, while maintaining its function within the routine health system, is needed. There is insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about coaching in this setting, however a review of the corporate and the business school literature is warranted to identify transferrable approaches. A substantial literature exists on tools, but significant variation in approaches makes comparison challenging. We found examples of effective individual projects and designs in specific settings, but there was a lack of comparative research on tools across approaches or across settings, and no systematic analysis within specific approaches to provide evidence with clear generalizability. Future research should prioritize comparative intervention trials to establish clear global standards for performance and quality improvement initiatives. Such standards will be critical to creating and sustaining a well-functioning health workforce and for global initiatives such as universal health coverage.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27993961</PMID>
<DateCreated><Year>2016</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>20</Day>
</DateCreated>
<DateCompleted><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>10</Month>
<Day>31</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>10</Month>
<Day>31</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1460-2237</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>32</Volume>
<Issue>3</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>Apr</Month>
<Day>01</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Health policy and planning</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Health Policy Plan</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Support and performance improvement for primary health care workers in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of intervention design and methods.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>437-452</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1093/heapol/czw144</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText>Primary health care workers (HCWs) in low- and middle-income settings (LMIC) often work in challenging conditions in remote, rural areas, in isolation from the rest of the health system and particularly specialist care. Much attention has been given to implementation of interventions to support quality and performance improvement for workers in such settings. However, little is known about the design of such initiatives and which approaches predominate, let alone those that are most effective. We aimed for a broad understanding of what distinguishes different approaches to primary HCW support and performance improvement and to clarify the existing evidence as well as gaps in evidence in order to inform decision-making and design of programs intended to support and improve the performance of health workers in these settings. We systematically searched the literature for articles addressing this topic, and undertook a comparative review to document the principal approaches to performance and quality improvement for primary HCWs in LMIC settings. We identified 40 eligible papers reporting on interventions that we categorized into five different approaches: (1) supervision and supportive supervision; (2) mentoring; (3) tools and aids; (4) quality improvement methods, and (5) coaching. The variety of study designs and quality/performance indicators precluded a formal quantitative data synthesis. The most extensive literature was on supervision, but there was little clarity on what defines the most effective approach to the supervision activities themselves, let alone the design and implementation of supervision programs. The mentoring literature was limited, and largely focused on clinical skills building and educational strategies. Further research on how best to incorporate mentorship into pre-service clinical training, while maintaining its function within the routine health system, is needed. There is insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about coaching in this setting, however a review of the corporate and the business school literature is warranted to identify transferrable approaches. A substantial literature exists on tools, but significant variation in approaches makes comparison challenging. We found examples of effective individual projects and designs in specific settings, but there was a lack of comparative research on tools across approaches or across settings, and no systematic analysis within specific approaches to provide evidence with clear generalizability. Future research should prioritize comparative intervention trials to establish clear global standards for performance and quality improvement initiatives. Such standards will be critical to creating and sustaining a well-functioning health workforce and for global initiatives such as universal health coverage.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vasan</LastName>
<ForeName>Ashwin</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Population and Family Health & Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mabey</LastName>
<ForeName>David C</ForeName>
<Initials>DC</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chaudhri</LastName>
<ForeName>Simran</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Population and Family Health & Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brown Epstein</LastName>
<ForeName>Helen-Ann</ForeName>
<Initials>HA</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Medical Library, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lawn</LastName>
<ForeName>Stephen D</ForeName>
<Initials>SD</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country>
<MedlineTA>Health Policy Plan</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>8610614</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>0268-1080</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<CitationSubset>H</CitationSubset>
<CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Int J Qual Health Care. 2006 Aug;18(4):299-305</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">16675475</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Mt Sinai J Med. 2011 May-Jun;78(3):406-18</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">21598267</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Hum Resour Health. 2006 Mar 07;4:6</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">16522213</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>BMC Pediatr. 2010 Dec 17;10:93</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">21167016</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Public Health. 2014 Jan;128(1):96-100</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">24359760</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Adv Nurs. 1999 Jan;29(1):201-7</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">10064300</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Int J Health Plann Manage. 1993 Jul-Sep;8(3):235-44</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">10134928</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013 Jun 1;63(2):e76-8</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">23666140</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Infect Dis. 2007 Dec 1;196 Suppl 3:S505-11</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">18181702</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Int J Qual Health Care. 2006 Dec;18(6):437-45</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">17041232</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Soc Sci Med. 2005 Aug;61(3):613-25</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">15899320</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Health Policy Plan. 2010 Mar;25(2):125-34</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">19923206</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>PLoS One. 2013 Jun 12;8(6):e66030</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">23776599</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>BMC Health Serv Res. 2008 Dec 04;8:247</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">19055827</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Ann Surg. 2013 Apr;257(4):633-9</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">23207242</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Int J Epidemiol. 2004 Oct;33(5):1080-91</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">15256523</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nurs Outlook. 2013 May-Jun;61(3):137-44</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">23164530</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Trop Med Int Health. 2014 Oct;19(10):1198-215</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">25065882</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Lancet. 2007 Jun 23;369(9579):2121-31</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">17586307</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Trop Med Int Health. 2012 Apr;17(4):438-46</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">22950471</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Health Policy Plan. 2005 Dec;20 Suppl 1:i58-i68</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">16306071</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Trop Med Int Health. 2008 Mar;13(3):369-83</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">18397400</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Trop Med Int Health. 2006 Aug;11(8):1147-56</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">16903878</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>PLoS One. 2013 Oct 03;8(10):e74882</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">24098355</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Soc Sci Med. 2006 Nov;63(9):2330-40</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">16887245</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>World Health Forum. 1993;14(4):360-6</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">8185785</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>AIDS Care. 2013;25(1):11-9</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">22533352</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Health Policy Plan. 2014 Sep;29(6):753-62</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">24038076</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Trop Med Int Health. 2011 Oct;16(10):1234-42</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">21752163</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Rural Remote Health. 2006 Apr-Jun;6(2):440</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">16602835</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Lancet. 2005 Sep 17-23;366(9490):1026-35</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">16168785</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Health Popul Nutr. 2011 Dec;29(6):629-38</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">22283037</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>CMAJ. 1995 Nov 15;153(10):1423-31</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">7585368</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>QA Brief. 1998 Jun;7(1):4-6</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">12294100</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Am J Epidemiol. 2000 May 15;151(10):1029-35</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">10853642</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Global Health. 2012 Sep 10;8:33</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">22963317</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Stud Fam Plann. 1984 May-Jun;15(3):112-20</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">6429905</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Lancet. 2011 Aug 27;378(9793):795-803</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">21820166</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Health Policy Plan. 1995 Jun;10(2):144-53</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">10143452</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>PLoS Med. 2009 Oct;6(10):e1000163</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">19823569</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Cad Saude Publica. 2004;20 Suppl 2:S209-19</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">15608935</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e30196</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">22291918</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2011 Nov 08;11 Suppl 2:S11</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">22166125</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Trop Med Int Health. 2013 Jul;18(7):898-906</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">23551394</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Med Educ. 2000 Oct;34(10):827-40</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">11012933</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Trop Med Int Health. 2007 Jan;12(1):52-61</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">17207148</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Trop Med Int Health. 2011 Oct;16(10):1225-33</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">21729221</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e35151</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">22615733</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arch Dis Child. 2015 Jun;100(6):565-70</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">24819369</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Health Policy Plan. 1998 Jun;13(2):107-20</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">10180399</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Qual Assur Health Care. 1991;3(3):147-65</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">1782383</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58415</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">23555581</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>AIDS. 2014 Mar;28 Suppl 2:S175-85</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">24849478</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Hum Resour Health. 2007 Feb 26;5:4</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">17319973</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2009 Oct 14;9 Suppl 1:S11</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">19828055</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Trop Med Int Health. 2013 Apr;18(4):426-34</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">23294473</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Health Policy Plan. 2004 Jan;19(1):1-10</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">14679280</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Curr Drug Saf. 2007 Jan;2(1):19-23</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">18690946</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>BMC Health Serv Res. 2014 Mar 06;14:112</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">24602196</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Sex Transm Infect. 2010 Feb;86 Suppl 1:i83-8</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">20167739</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Adv Nurs. 2001 Jan;33(2):216-24</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">11168705</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Trop Med Int Health. 2003 Dec;8(12):1157-64</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">14641853</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>BMC Med Educ. 2011 Mar 01;11:7</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">21362181</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Jun;80(6):971-9</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">19478260</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
</CommentsCorrectionsList>
<MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002983" MajorTopicYN="N">Clinical Competence</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003150" MajorTopicYN="Y">Community Health Workers</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000592" MajorTopicYN="N">standards</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003695" MajorTopicYN="N">Delivery of Health Care</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="Y">methods</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003906" MajorTopicYN="N">Developing Countries</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008611" MajorTopicYN="N">Mentors</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011320" MajorTopicYN="Y">Primary Health Care</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058996" MajorTopicYN="N">Quality Improvement</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
<KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Global health</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">low- and middle-income countries</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">performance improvement</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">primary health care workers</Keyword>
</KeywordList>
</MedlineCitation>
<PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2016</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
<Day>23</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2016</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>21</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>11</Month>
<Day>1</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2016</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>21</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
</History>
<PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27993961</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pii">czw144</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1093/heapol/czw144</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC5400115</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</PubmedData>
</pubmed>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Angleterre</li>
<li>Grand Londres</li>
<li>État de New York</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Londres</li>
<li>New York</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université Columbia</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="État de New York"><name sortKey="Vasan, Ashwin" sort="Vasan, Ashwin" uniqKey="Vasan A" first="Ashwin" last="Vasan">Ashwin Vasan</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Brown Epstein, Helen Ann" sort="Brown Epstein, Helen Ann" uniqKey="Brown Epstein H" first="Helen-Ann" last="Brown Epstein">Helen-Ann Brown Epstein</name>
<name sortKey="Chaudhri, Simran" sort="Chaudhri, Simran" uniqKey="Chaudhri S" first="Simran" last="Chaudhri">Simran Chaudhri</name>
</country>
<country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Mabey, David C" sort="Mabey, David C" uniqKey="Mabey D" first="David C" last="Mabey">David C. Mabey</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Lawn, Stephen D" sort="Lawn, Stephen D" uniqKey="Lawn S" first="Stephen D" last="Lawn">Stephen D. Lawn</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/SidaSubSaharaV1/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000156 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 000156 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/Sante |area= SidaSubSaharaV1 |flux= PubMed |étape= Checkpoint |type= RBID |clé= pubmed:27993961 |texte= Support and performance improvement for primary health care workers in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of intervention design and methods. }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:27993961" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a SidaSubSaharaV1
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. | ![]() |