The Influence of Community Members on Participation by Youth in an HIV Vaccine Trial in Tanzania
Identifieur interne : 002929 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002928; suivant : 002930The Influence of Community Members on Participation by Youth in an HIV Vaccine Trial in Tanzania
Auteurs : Theodora Mbunda [Tanzanie, Suède] ; Edith A. M. Tarimo [Tanzanie] ; Guerino Chalamilla [Tanzanie] ; Muhammad Bakari [Tanzanie] ; Eric Sandström [Suède] ; Asli Kulane [Suède]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa, the burden of HIV is high among young people and it is of the utmost importance that they be recruited into vaccination trials. Since community members influence the willingness of young people to participate in the vaccination trials, ascertaining their opinions is essential to overcoming barriers to such participation. Here, in seven focus group discussions we explored the views of 44 community members identified as someone they felt close by youth in Tanzania. The transcripts of these discussions were examined using content analysis. Our participants expressed that community members would be directly involved in the decisions of young people about whether or not to participate in an HIV vaccine trial. In general, they felt that community members would provide social support for youth during the trial and perceived that youth might have misconceptions concerning the vaccine and trial process. The participants pointed out structural factors such as substance use, poverty, stigma and unemployment that are barriers to participation. In conclusion, involvement of community members could be an integral part of the recruitment and retention of young people in HIV vaccine trials in Tanzania.
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DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168660
PubMed: 27997617
PubMed Central: 5173279
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M." last="Tarimo">Edith A. M. Tarimo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Department of Nursing Management, School of Nursing, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Nursing Management, School of Nursing, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chalamilla, Guerino" sort="Chalamilla, Guerino" uniqKey="Chalamilla G" first="Guerino" last="Chalamilla">Guerino Chalamilla</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Health, Dar es Salaam City Council, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health, Dar es Salaam City Council, Dar es Salaam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bakari, Muhammad" sort="Bakari, Muhammad" uniqKey="Bakari M" first="Muhammad" last="Bakari">Muhammad Bakari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sandstrom, Eric" sort="Sandstrom, Eric" uniqKey="Sandstrom E" first="Eric" last="Sandström">Eric Sandström</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kulane, Asli" sort="Kulane, Asli" uniqKey="Kulane A" first="Asli" last="Kulane">Asli Kulane</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Equity and Health Policy Research Group, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Equity and Health Policy Research Group, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>In sub-Saharan Africa, the burden of HIV is high among young people and it is of the utmost importance that they be recruited into vaccination trials. Since community members influence the willingness of young people to participate in the vaccination trials, ascertaining their opinions is essential to overcoming barriers to such participation. Here, in seven focus group discussions we explored the views of 44 community members identified as someone they felt close by youth in Tanzania. The transcripts of these discussions were examined using content analysis. Our participants expressed that community members would be directly involved in the decisions of young people about whether or not to participate in an HIV vaccine trial. In general, they felt that community members would provide social support for youth during the trial and perceived that youth might have misconceptions concerning the vaccine and trial process. The participants pointed out structural factors such as substance use, poverty, stigma and unemployment that are barriers to participation. In conclusion, involvement of community members could be an integral part of the recruitment and retention of young people in HIV vaccine trials in Tanzania.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Harmon, Tm" uniqKey="Harmon T">TM Harmon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fisher, Ka" uniqKey="Fisher K">KA Fisher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcglynn, Mg" uniqKey="Mcglynn M">MG McGlynn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stover, J" uniqKey="Stover J">J Stover</name></author><author><name sortKey="Warren, Mj" uniqKey="Warren M">MJ Warren</name></author><author><name sortKey="Teng, Y" uniqKey="Teng Y">Y Teng</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Munseri, Pj" uniqKey="Munseri P">PJ Munseri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kroidl, A" uniqKey="Kroidl A">A Kroidl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nilsson, C" uniqKey="Nilsson C">C Nilsson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Joachim, A" uniqKey="Joachim A">A Joachim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Geldmacher, C" uniqKey="Geldmacher C">C Geldmacher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mann, P" uniqKey="Mann P">P Mann</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Conner, M" uniqKey="Conner M">M Conner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Norman, P" uniqKey="Norman P">P Norman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Asiki, G" uniqKey="Asiki G">G Asiki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abaasa, A" uniqKey="Abaasa A">A Abaasa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ruzagira, E" uniqKey="Ruzagira E">E Ruzagira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kibengo, F" uniqKey="Kibengo F">F Kibengo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bahemuka, U" uniqKey="Bahemuka U">U Bahemuka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mulondo, J" uniqKey="Mulondo J">J Mulondo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Suhadev, M" uniqKey="Suhadev M">M Suhadev</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nyamathi, Am" uniqKey="Nyamathi A">AM Nyamathi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Swaminathan, S" uniqKey="Swaminathan S">S Swaminathan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suresh, A" uniqKey="Suresh A">A Suresh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Venkatesan, P" uniqKey="Venkatesan P">P Venkatesan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Frew, Pm" uniqKey="Frew P">PM Frew</name></author><author><name sortKey="Archibald, M" uniqKey="Archibald M">M Archibald</name></author><author><name sortKey="Diallo, Dd" uniqKey="Diallo D">DD Diallo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hou, S" uniqKey="Hou S">S Hou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Horton, T" uniqKey="Horton T">T Horton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, K" uniqKey="Chan K">K Chan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Remes, P" uniqKey="Remes P">P Remes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Selestine, V" uniqKey="Selestine V">V Selestine</name></author><author><name sortKey="Changalucha, J" uniqKey="Changalucha J">J Changalucha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ross, Da" uniqKey="Ross D">DA Ross</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wight, D" uniqKey="Wight D">D Wight</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanjose, S" uniqKey="Sanjose S">S Sanjosé</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barrington, C" uniqKey="Barrington C">C Barrington</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moreno, L" uniqKey="Moreno L">L Moreno</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kerrigan, D" uniqKey="Kerrigan D">D Kerrigan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kakinamia, L" uniqKey="Kakinamia L">L Kakinamia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Newman, Pa" uniqKey="Newman P">PA Newman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leec, S J" uniqKey="Leec S">S-J Leec</name></author><author><name sortKey="Duand, N" uniqKey="Duand N">N Duand</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Osamor, P" uniqKey="Osamor P">P Osamor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kass, N" uniqKey="Kass N">N Kass</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mbunda, T" uniqKey="Mbunda T">T Mbunda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bakari, M" uniqKey="Bakari M">M Bakari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tarimo, Eam" uniqKey="Tarimo E">EAM Tarimo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sandstrom, E" uniqKey="Sandstrom E">E Sandstrom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kulane, A" uniqKey="Kulane A">A Kulane</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Patton, M" uniqKey="Patton M">M. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, CA USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27997617</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5173279</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0168660</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-16-00711</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and life sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Immunology</subject><subj-group><subject>Vaccination and immunization</subject><subj-group><subject>Vaccines</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral vaccines</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV vaccines</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and health sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Immunology</subject><subj-group><subject>Vaccination and immunization</subject><subj-group><subject>Vaccines</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral vaccines</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV vaccines</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and health sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Public and occupational health</subject><subj-group><subject>Preventive medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Vaccination and immunization</subject><subj-group><subject>Vaccines</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral vaccines</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV vaccines</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and life sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Virology</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral vaccines</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV vaccines</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Medical Microbiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbial Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Immunodeficiency Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Pathology and Laboratory Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbial Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Immunodeficiency Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Organisms</subject><subj-group><subject>Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Immunodeficiency Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Organisms</subject><subj-group><subject>Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Immunodeficiency Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and life sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Organisms</subject><subj-group><subject>Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>RNA viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Retroviruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Lentivirus</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Medical Microbiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbial Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Retroviruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Lentivirus</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Pathology and Laboratory Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbial Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Retroviruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Lentivirus</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Organisms</subject><subj-group><subject>Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Retroviruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Lentivirus</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Immunology</subject><subj-group><subject>Vaccination and Immunization</subject><subj-group><subject>Vaccines</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Immunology</subject><subj-group><subject>Vaccination and Immunization</subject><subj-group><subject>Vaccines</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Public and Occupational Health</subject><subj-group><subject>Preventive Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Vaccination and Immunization</subject><subj-group><subject>Vaccines</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and health sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV infections</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>People and Places</subject><subj-group><subject>Geographical Locations</subject><subj-group><subject>Africa</subject><subj-group><subject>Tanzania</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and health sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Public and occupational health</subject><subj-group><subject>Preventive medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV prevention</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Immunology</subject><subj-group><subject>Vaccination and Immunization</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Immunology</subject><subj-group><subject>Vaccination and Immunization</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Public and Occupational Health</subject><subj-group><subject>Preventive Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Vaccination and Immunization</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Neuroscience</subject><subj-group><subject>Cognitive Science</subject><subj-group><subject>Cognitive Psychology</subject><subj-group><subject>Decision Making</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Psychology</subject><subj-group><subject>Cognitive Psychology</subject><subj-group><subject>Decision Making</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Psychology</subject><subj-group><subject>Cognitive Psychology</subject><subj-group><subject>Decision Making</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Neuroscience</subject><subj-group><subject>Cognitive Science</subject><subj-group><subject>Cognition</subject><subj-group><subject>Decision Making</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The Influence of Community Members on Participation by Youth in an HIV Vaccine Trial in Tanzania</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Community Members and Participation by Youth in an HIV Vaccine Trial</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mbunda</surname><given-names>Theodora</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor001">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tarimo</surname><given-names>Edith A. M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff004"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" deceased="yes"><name><surname>Chalamilla</surname><given-names>Guerino</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff005"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bakari</surname><given-names>Muhammad</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sandström</surname><given-names>Eric</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff006"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kulane</surname><given-names>Asli</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff001"><label>1</label><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff002"><label>2</label><addr-line>Equity and Health Policy Research Group, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff003"><label>3</label><addr-line>Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff004"><label>4</label><addr-line>Department of Nursing Management, School of Nursing, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff005"><label>5</label><addr-line>Department of Health, Dar es Salaam City Council, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff006"><label>6</label><addr-line>Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Consolaro</surname><given-names>Marcia Edilaine Lopes</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>Universidade Estadual de Maringa, BRAZIL</addr-line></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="COI-statement" id="coi001"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>None of the authors report to have any conflicts of interest. The observations, description and opinions expressed here are those of the authors alone. We were in no way influenced by the granting organization or any other institution.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p><bold>Conceptualization:</bold> TM EAMT GC MB ES AK.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Data curation:</bold> TM EAMT AK.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Formal analysis:</bold> TM EAMT AK.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Funding acquisition:</bold> MB ES.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Investigation:</bold> TM EAMT.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Methodology:</bold> TM EAMT GC MB ES AK.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Project administration:</bold> TM EAMT GC MB.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Resources:</bold> MB GC ES.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Supervision:</bold> EAMT GC MB ES AK.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Validation:</bold> TM EAMT ES AK.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Visualization:</bold> TM EAMT GC MB ES AK.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Writing – original draft:</bold> TM EAMT AK.</p></list-item><list-item><p><bold>Writing – review & editing:</bold> TM EAMT GC MB ES AK.</p></list-item></list></p></fn><corresp id="cor001">* E-mail: <email>theodora.daniel80@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>12</issue><elocation-id>e0168660</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>7</day><month>1</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>5</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2016 Mbunda et al</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Mbunda et al</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="pone.0168660.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>In sub-Saharan Africa, the burden of HIV is high among young people and it is of the utmost importance that they be recruited into vaccination trials. Since community members influence the willingness of young people to participate in the vaccination trials, ascertaining their opinions is essential to overcoming barriers to such participation. Here, in seven focus group discussions we explored the views of 44 community members identified as someone they felt close by youth in Tanzania. The transcripts of these discussions were examined using content analysis. Our participants expressed that community members would be directly involved in the decisions of young people about whether or not to participate in an HIV vaccine trial. In general, they felt that community members would provide social support for youth during the trial and perceived that youth might have misconceptions concerning the vaccine and trial process. The participants pointed out structural factors such as substance use, poverty, stigma and unemployment that are barriers to participation. In conclusion, involvement of community members could be an integral part of the recruitment and retention of young people in HIV vaccine trials in Tanzania.</p></abstract><funding-group><award-group id="award001"><funding-source><institution>the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency</institution></funding-source><principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Mbunda</surname><given-names>Theodora</given-names></name></principal-award-recipient></award-group><award-group id="award002"><funding-source><institution>the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership</institution></funding-source><principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Mbunda</surname><given-names>Theodora</given-names></name></principal-award-recipient></award-group><funding-statement>The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency [Sida] funded this project as part of PhD training for Theodora Mbunda. The European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership [EDCTP] partly funded this sub study as a part of an HIV vaccine trial, TaMoVac 2.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="0"></fig-count><table-count count="1"></table-count><page-count count="12"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name><meta-value>All relevant data are within the submitted paper.</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta><notes><title>Data Availability</title><p>All relevant data are within the submitted paper.</p></notes></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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