Hypertension among older adults in low- and middle-income countries: prevalence, awareness and control
Identifieur interne : 002544 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002543; suivant : 002545Hypertension among older adults in low- and middle-income countries: prevalence, awareness and control
Auteurs : Peter Lloyd-Sherlock [Royaume-Uni] ; John Beard [Suisse] ; Nadia Minicuci [Italie] ; Shah Ebrahim [Royaume-Uni] ; Somnath Chatterji [Suisse]Source :
- International Journal of Epidemiology [ 0300-5771 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyt215
PubMed: 24505082
PubMed Central: 3937973
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<author><name sortKey="Ebrahim, Shah" sort="Ebrahim, Shah" uniqKey="Ebrahim S" first="Shah" last="Ebrahim">Shah Ebrahim</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Chatterji, Somnath" sort="Chatterji, Somnath" uniqKey="Chatterji S" first="Somnath" last="Chatterji">Somnath Chatterji</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Hypertension among older adults in low- and middle-income countries: prevalence, awareness and control</title>
<author><name sortKey="Lloyd Sherlock, Peter" sort="Lloyd Sherlock, Peter" uniqKey="Lloyd Sherlock P" first="Peter" last="Lloyd-Sherlock">Peter Lloyd-Sherlock</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="dyt215-AFF1">School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK,</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Beard, John" sort="Beard, John" uniqKey="Beard J" first="John" last="Beard">John Beard</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="dyt215-AFF1">Department of Ageing and Life Course, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Ageing and Life Course, World Health Organization, Geneva</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Minicuci, Nadia" sort="Minicuci, Nadia" uniqKey="Minicuci N" first="Nadia" last="Minicuci">Nadia Minicuci</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="dyt215-AFF1">National Research Council, Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy,</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Research Council, Institute of Neuroscience, Padova</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Ebrahim, Shah" sort="Ebrahim, Shah" uniqKey="Ebrahim S" first="Shah" last="Ebrahim">Shah Ebrahim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="dyt215-AFF1">London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Chatterji, Somnath" sort="Chatterji, Somnath" uniqKey="Chatterji S" first="Somnath" last="Chatterji">Somnath Chatterji</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="dyt215-AFF1">Department of Health Statistics and Informatics, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
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<series><title level="j">International Journal of Epidemiology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0300-5771</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1464-3685</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>
This study uses data from the World Health Organization’s Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) to examine patterns of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control for people aged 50 years and over in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, the Russian Federation and South Africa.</p>
<p><bold>Methods</bold>
The SAGE sample comprises of 35 125 people aged 50 years and older, selected randomly. Hypertension was defined as ≥140 mmHg (systolic blood pressure) or ≥90 mmHg (diastolic blood pressure) or by currently taking antihypertensives. Control of hypertension was defined as blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg on treatment. A person was defined as aware if he/she was hypertensive and self-reported the condition.</p>
<p><bold>Results</bold>
Prevalence rates in all countries are broadly comparable to those of developed countries (52.9%; range 32.3% in India to 77.9% in South Africa). Hypertension was associated with overweight/obesity and was more common in women, those in the lowest wealth quintile and in heavy alcohol consumers. Awareness was found to be low for all countries, albeit with substantial national variations (48.3%; range 23.3% in Ghana to 72.1% in the Russian Federation). This was also the case for control (10.2%; range 4.1% in Ghana to 14.1% India) and treatment efficacy (26.3%; range 17.4% in the Russian Federation to 55.2% in India). Awareness was associated with increasing age, being female and being overweight or obese. Effective control of hypertension was more likely in older people, women and in the richest quintile. Obesity was associated with poorer control.</p>
<p><bold>Conclusions</bold>
The high rates of hypertension in low- and middle-income countries are striking. Levels of treatment and control are inadequate despite half those sampled being aware of their condition. Since cardiovascular disease is by far the largest cause of years of life lost in these settings, these findings emphasize the need for new approaches towards control of this major risk factor.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<author><name sortKey="Beaglehole, R" uniqKey="Beaglehole R">R Beaglehole</name>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Epidemiol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Epidemiol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ije</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">intjepid</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Epidemiology</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0300-5771</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1464-3685</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24505082</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3937973</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/ije/dyt215</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">dyt215</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Cardiovascular Disease</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Hypertension among older adults in low- and middle-income countries: prevalence, awareness and control</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lloyd-Sherlock</surname>
<given-names>Peter</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="dyt215-AFF1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="dyt215-COR1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Beard</surname>
<given-names>John</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="dyt215-AFF1"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Minicuci</surname>
<given-names>Nadia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="dyt215-AFF1"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ebrahim</surname>
<given-names>Shah</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="dyt215-AFF1"><sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chatterji</surname>
<given-names>Somnath</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="dyt215-AFF1"><sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="dyt215-AFF1"><sup>1</sup>
School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK,<sup>2</sup>
Department of Ageing and Life Course, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland<sup>3</sup>
National Research Council, Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy,<sup>4</sup>
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK and<sup>5</sup>
Department of Health Statistics and Informatics, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp id="dyt215-COR1">*Corresponding author. School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. E-mail: <email>p.lloyd-sherlock@uea.ac.uk</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>2</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>6</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>6</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the
. </pmc-comment>
<volume>43</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>116</fpage>
<lpage>128</lpage>
<history><date date-type="accepted"><day>19</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association. © The Author 2014.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<license license-type="creative-commons" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p><pmc-comment>CREATIVE COMMONS</pmc-comment>
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link>
), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p><bold>Background</bold>
This study uses data from the World Health Organization’s Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) to examine patterns of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control for people aged 50 years and over in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, the Russian Federation and South Africa.</p>
<p><bold>Methods</bold>
The SAGE sample comprises of 35 125 people aged 50 years and older, selected randomly. Hypertension was defined as ≥140 mmHg (systolic blood pressure) or ≥90 mmHg (diastolic blood pressure) or by currently taking antihypertensives. Control of hypertension was defined as blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg on treatment. A person was defined as aware if he/she was hypertensive and self-reported the condition.</p>
<p><bold>Results</bold>
Prevalence rates in all countries are broadly comparable to those of developed countries (52.9%; range 32.3% in India to 77.9% in South Africa). Hypertension was associated with overweight/obesity and was more common in women, those in the lowest wealth quintile and in heavy alcohol consumers. Awareness was found to be low for all countries, albeit with substantial national variations (48.3%; range 23.3% in Ghana to 72.1% in the Russian Federation). This was also the case for control (10.2%; range 4.1% in Ghana to 14.1% India) and treatment efficacy (26.3%; range 17.4% in the Russian Federation to 55.2% in India). Awareness was associated with increasing age, being female and being overweight or obese. Effective control of hypertension was more likely in older people, women and in the richest quintile. Obesity was associated with poorer control.</p>
<p><bold>Conclusions</bold>
The high rates of hypertension in low- and middle-income countries are striking. Levels of treatment and control are inadequate despite half those sampled being aware of their condition. Since cardiovascular disease is by far the largest cause of years of life lost in these settings, these findings emphasize the need for new approaches towards control of this major risk factor.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
<kwd>older people</kwd>
<kwd>risk factors</kwd>
<kwd>developing countries</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts><page-count count="13"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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