Impact of HIV Status on Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis Patients Registered at Arsi Negele Health Center, Southern Ethiopia: A Six Year Retrospective Study
Identifieur interne : 000418 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000417; suivant : 000419Impact of HIV Status on Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis Patients Registered at Arsi Negele Health Center, Southern Ethiopia: A Six Year Retrospective Study
Auteurs : Gebreslassie Gebremariam [Éthiopie] ; Getachew Asmamaw [Éthiopie] ; Muktar Hussen [Éthiopie] ; Mengistu Z. Hailemariam [Éthiopie] ; Demissie Asegu [Éthiopie] ; Ayalew Astatkie [Éthiopie] ; Anteneh G. Amsalu [Éthiopie]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Despite implementation of different strategies, the burden and mortality of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated tuberculosis (TB) remains a challenge in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of HIV status on treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients registered at Arsi Negele Health Center, Southern Ethiopia.
A six-year retrospective data (from September 2008 to August 2014) of tuberculosis patients (
Out of the 1649 TB patients, 94.7% (1562) have been tested for HIV of whom 156(10%) were HIV co-infected. The mean (standard deviation) age of the patients was 28.5(15.5) years. The majority were new TB cases (96.7%), male (53.7%), urban (54.7%), and had smear negative pulmonary TB (44.1%). Overall, the treatment success rate of TB patients with or without HIV was 87.3%. Using cure/completion as reference, patients without known HIV status had significantly higher odds of default /failure [aOR, 4.26; 95%CI, 1.684–10.775] and transfer-out [aOR, 2.92; 95%CI, 1.545–5.521] whereas those who tested positive for HIV had a significantly higher odds of death [aOR, 6.72; 95%CI, 3.704–12.202] and transfer-out [aOR, 2.02; 95%CI, 1.111–3.680].
Overall, treatment outcome and HIV testing coverage for TB patients is promising to reach the WHO target in the study area. However, default/failure among patients without known HIV status, and higher rate of mortality among HIV positive TB patients and transfer-out cases deserves concern. Therefore further prospective studies on quality of services, socioeconomics and psychology of this group should be conducted.
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DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153239
PubMed: 27096159
PubMed Central: 4838259
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Impact of HIV Status on Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis Patients Registered at Arsi Negele Health Center, Southern Ethiopia: A Six Year Retrospective Study</title><author><name sortKey="Gebremariam, Gebreslassie" sort="Gebremariam, Gebreslassie" uniqKey="Gebremariam G" first="Gebreslassie" last="Gebremariam">Gebreslassie Gebremariam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asmamaw, Getachew" sort="Asmamaw, Getachew" uniqKey="Asmamaw G" first="Getachew" last="Asmamaw">Getachew Asmamaw</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hussen, Muktar" sort="Hussen, Muktar" uniqKey="Hussen M" first="Muktar" last="Hussen">Muktar Hussen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hailemariam, Mengistu Z" sort="Hailemariam, Mengistu Z" uniqKey="Hailemariam M" first="Mengistu Z." last="Hailemariam">Mengistu Z. Hailemariam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asegu, Demissie" sort="Asegu, Demissie" uniqKey="Asegu D" first="Demissie" last="Asegu">Demissie Asegu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Astatkie, Ayalew" sort="Astatkie, Ayalew" uniqKey="Astatkie A" first="Ayalew" last="Astatkie">Ayalew Astatkie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>School of Public and Environmental Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public and Environmental Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amsalu, Anteneh G" sort="Amsalu, Anteneh G" uniqKey="Amsalu A" first="Anteneh G." last="Amsalu">Anteneh G. Amsalu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Gondar, Gondar</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27096159</idno><idno type="pmc">4838259</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4838259</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4838259</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0153239</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000418</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000418</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000418</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000418</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Impact of HIV Status on Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis Patients Registered at Arsi Negele Health Center, Southern Ethiopia: A Six Year Retrospective Study</title><author><name sortKey="Gebremariam, Gebreslassie" sort="Gebremariam, Gebreslassie" uniqKey="Gebremariam G" first="Gebreslassie" last="Gebremariam">Gebreslassie Gebremariam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asmamaw, Getachew" sort="Asmamaw, Getachew" uniqKey="Asmamaw G" first="Getachew" last="Asmamaw">Getachew Asmamaw</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hussen, Muktar" sort="Hussen, Muktar" uniqKey="Hussen M" first="Muktar" last="Hussen">Muktar Hussen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hailemariam, Mengistu Z" sort="Hailemariam, Mengistu Z" uniqKey="Hailemariam M" first="Mengistu Z." last="Hailemariam">Mengistu Z. Hailemariam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asegu, Demissie" sort="Asegu, Demissie" uniqKey="Asegu D" first="Demissie" last="Asegu">Demissie Asegu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Astatkie, Ayalew" sort="Astatkie, Ayalew" uniqKey="Astatkie A" first="Ayalew" last="Astatkie">Ayalew Astatkie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>School of Public and Environmental Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public and Environmental Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amsalu, Anteneh G" sort="Amsalu, Anteneh G" uniqKey="Amsalu A" first="Anteneh G." last="Amsalu">Anteneh G. Amsalu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Gondar, Gondar</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="sec001"><title>Background</title><p>Despite implementation of different strategies, the burden and mortality of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated tuberculosis (TB) remains a challenge in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of HIV status on treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients registered at Arsi Negele Health Center, Southern Ethiopia.</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Methods</title><p>A six-year retrospective data (from September 2008 to August 2014) of tuberculosis patients (<italic>n</italic> = 1649) registered at the directly observed therapy short-course (DOTS) clinic of Arsi Negele Health Center was reviewed. Treatment outcome and tuberculosis type were categorized according to the national tuberculosis control program guideline. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine the effect of HIV status separately on default/failure and death in relation to those who were successfully treated. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to check the presence and strength of association between TB treatment outcome and HIV status and other independent variables.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Results</title><p>Out of the 1649 TB patients, 94.7% (1562) have been tested for HIV of whom 156(10%) were HIV co-infected. The mean (standard deviation) age of the patients was 28.5(15.5) years. The majority were new TB cases (96.7%), male (53.7%), urban (54.7%), and had smear negative pulmonary TB (44.1%). Overall, the treatment success rate of TB patients with or without HIV was 87.3%. Using cure/completion as reference, patients without known HIV status had significantly higher odds of default /failure [aOR, 4.26; 95%CI, 1.684–10.775] and transfer-out [aOR, 2.92; 95%CI, 1.545–5.521] whereas those who tested positive for HIV had a significantly higher odds of death [aOR, 6.72; 95%CI, 3.704–12.202] and transfer-out [aOR, 2.02; 95%CI, 1.111–3.680].</p></sec><sec id="sec004"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Overall, treatment outcome and HIV testing coverage for TB patients is promising to reach the WHO target in the study area. However, default/failure among patients without known HIV status, and higher rate of mortality among HIV positive TB patients and transfer-out cases deserves concern. Therefore further prospective studies on quality of services, socioeconomics and psychology of this group should be conducted.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mayer, Kh" uniqKey="Mayer K">KH Mayer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hamilton, Cd" uniqKey="Hamilton C">CD Hamilton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pefura Yone, Ew" uniqKey="Pefura Yone E">EW Pefura Yone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kuaban, C" uniqKey="Kuaban C">C Kuaban</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kengne, Ap" uniqKey="Kengne A">AP Kengne</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Harries, Ad" uniqKey="Harries A">AD Harries</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nahid, P" uniqKey="Nahid P">P Nahid</name></author><author><name 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, CA USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27096159</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4838259</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0153239</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-16-00198</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Infectious Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Bacterial Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Tuberculosis</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Tropical Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Tuberculosis</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Medical Microbiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbial Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Immunodeficiency Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Pathology and Laboratory Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbial Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Immunodeficiency Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Organisms</subject><subj-group><subject>Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Immunodeficiency Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Organisms</subject><subj-group><subject>Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Immunodeficiency Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and life sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Organisms</subject><subj-group><subject>Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>RNA viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Retroviruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Lentivirus</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Medical Microbiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbial Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Retroviruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Lentivirus</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Pathology and Laboratory Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbial Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Retroviruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Lentivirus</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Organisms</subject><subj-group><subject>Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Retroviruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Lentivirus</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and health sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV epidemiology</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Infectious Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Bacterial Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Tuberculosis</subject><subj-group><subject>Multi-Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Tropical Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Tuberculosis</subject><subj-group><subject>Multi-Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>People and Places</subject><subj-group><subject>Geographical Locations</subject><subj-group><subject>Africa</subject><subj-group><subject>Ethiopia</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>People and Places</subject><subj-group><subject>Demography</subject><subj-group><subject>Death Rates</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Population Biology</subject><subj-group><subject>Population Metrics</subject><subj-group><subject>Death Rates</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Diagnostic Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Management</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Pharmaceutics</subject><subj-group><subject>Drug Therapy</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Impact of HIV Status on Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis Patients Registered at Arsi Negele Health Center, Southern Ethiopia: A Six Year Retrospective Study</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Impact of HIV Status on Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gebremariam</surname><given-names>Gebreslassie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Asmamaw</surname><given-names>Getachew</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hussen</surname><given-names>Muktar</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hailemariam</surname><given-names>Mengistu Z.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Asegu</surname><given-names>Demissie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Astatkie</surname><given-names>Ayalew</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Amsalu</surname><given-names>Anteneh G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor001">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff001"><label>1</label><addr-line>Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff002"><label>2</label><addr-line>School of Public and Environmental Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff003"><label>3</label><addr-line>Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Spigelman</surname><given-names>Mark</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>Hebrew University, ISRAEL</addr-line></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="conflict" id="coi001"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con" id="contrib001"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: GG GA M. Hussen M. Hailemariam DA A. Astatkie. Performed the experiments: GG GA M. Hussen M. Hailemariam DA A. Astatkie. Analyzed the data: A. Amsalu A. Astatkie. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GG GA M. Hussen M. Hailemariam DA A. Amsalu A. Astatkie. Wrote the paper: GG GA M. Hussen M. Hailemariam DA A. Amsalu A. Astatkie. Approved the final manuscript: GG GA M. Hussen M. Hailemariam DA A. Amsalu A. Astatkie.</p></fn><corresp id="cor001">* E-mail: <email>ant.amsalu@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>4</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><elocation-id>e0153239</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>4</day><month>1</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>27</day><month>3</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2016 Gebremariam et al</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Gebremariam et al</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="pone.0153239.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><sec id="sec001"><title>Background</title><p>Despite implementation of different strategies, the burden and mortality of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated tuberculosis (TB) remains a challenge in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of HIV status on treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients registered at Arsi Negele Health Center, Southern Ethiopia.</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Methods</title><p>A six-year retrospective data (from September 2008 to August 2014) of tuberculosis patients (<italic>n</italic> = 1649) registered at the directly observed therapy short-course (DOTS) clinic of Arsi Negele Health Center was reviewed. Treatment outcome and tuberculosis type were categorized according to the national tuberculosis control program guideline. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine the effect of HIV status separately on default/failure and death in relation to those who were successfully treated. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to check the presence and strength of association between TB treatment outcome and HIV status and other independent variables.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Results</title><p>Out of the 1649 TB patients, 94.7% (1562) have been tested for HIV of whom 156(10%) were HIV co-infected. The mean (standard deviation) age of the patients was 28.5(15.5) years. The majority were new TB cases (96.7%), male (53.7%), urban (54.7%), and had smear negative pulmonary TB (44.1%). Overall, the treatment success rate of TB patients with or without HIV was 87.3%. Using cure/completion as reference, patients without known HIV status had significantly higher odds of default /failure [aOR, 4.26; 95%CI, 1.684–10.775] and transfer-out [aOR, 2.92; 95%CI, 1.545–5.521] whereas those who tested positive for HIV had a significantly higher odds of death [aOR, 6.72; 95%CI, 3.704–12.202] and transfer-out [aOR, 2.02; 95%CI, 1.111–3.680].</p></sec><sec id="sec004"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Overall, treatment outcome and HIV testing coverage for TB patients is promising to reach the WHO target in the study area. However, default/failure among patients without known HIV status, and higher rate of mortality among HIV positive TB patients and transfer-out cases deserves concern. Therefore further prospective studies on quality of services, socioeconomics and psychology of this group should be conducted.</p></sec></abstract><funding-group><funding-statement>The authors have no support or funding to report.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="0"></fig-count><table-count count="3"></table-count><page-count count="11"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name><meta-value>All relevant data are available within the paper.</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta><notes><title>Data Availability</title><p>All relevant data are available within the paper.</p></notes></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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