SidaSubSaharaV1, Pmc, Curation, bibRecord, 000318

Is hardship during migration a determinant of HIV infection? Results from the ANRS PARCOURS study of sub-Saharan African migrants in France

Identifieur interne : 000318 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000317; suivant : 000319

Is hardship during migration a determinant of HIV infection? Results from the ANRS PARCOURS study of sub-Saharan African migrants in France

Auteurs : Annabel Desgrees-Du-Lou [France] ; Julie Pannetier [France] ; Andrainolo Ravalihasy [France] ; Mireille Le Guen [France] ; Anne Gosselin [France] ; Henri Panjo ; Nathalie Bajos ; Nathalie Lydie ; France Lert ; Rosemary Dray-Spira [France]

Source :

AIDS (London, England) [ 0269-9370 ] ; 2016.

RBID : PMC:4732006

Abstract

Objectives:

In Europe, sub-Saharan African migrants are a key population for HIV infection. We analyse how social hardships during settlement in France shape sexual partnerships and HIV risk.

Design:

PARCOURS is a life-event survey conducted in 2012–2013 in 74 health-care facilities in the Paris region, among three groups of sub-Saharan migrants: 926 receiving HIV care (296 acquired HIV in France), 779 with chronic hepatitis B, and 763 with neither HIV nor hepatitis B (reference group).

Methods:

Hardships (lack of residence permit, economic resources and housing) and sexual partnerships were documented for each year since arrival in France. For each sex, reported sexual partnerships were compared by group and their associations with hardships each year analysed with mixed-effects logistic regression models.

Results:

Hardships were frequent: more than 40% had lived a year or longer without a residence permit, and more than 20% without stable housing. Most of the migrants had nonstable and concurrent partnerships, more frequent among those who acquired HIV in France compared with reference group, as were casual partnerships among men (76.7 vs. 54.2%; P = 0.004) and women (52.4 vs. 30.5%; P = 0.02), concurrent partnerships among men (69.9 vs. 45.8%; P = 0.02), and transactional partnerships among women (8.6 vs. 2.3%; P = 0.006). Hardship increased risky behaviours: in women, lacking a residence permit increased casual and transactional partnerships [resp. odds ratio (OR) = 2.01(1.48–2.72) and OR = 6.27(2.25–17.44)]. Same trends were observed for lacking stable housing [OR = 3.71(2.75–5.00) and OR = 10.58 (4.68–23.93)].

Conclusion:

Hardships faced by migrants increase HIV risks. Women, especially during the period without stable housing, appear especially vulnerable.

Url:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4732006

DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000957
PubMed: 26558722
PubMed Central: 4732006

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Mireille Le Guen

<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">INSERM, CESP-U 1018, Villejuif</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Villejuif</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>

Henri Panjo

<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">INSERM, CESP-U 1018, Villejuif</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Villejuif</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>

Nathalie Bajos

<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">INSERM, CESP-U 1018, Villejuif</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Villejuif</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>

Nathalie Lydie

<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">INPES, Saint-Denis</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Saint-Denis</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>

France Lert

<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">INSERM, CESP-U 1018, Villejuif</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Villejuif</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>

Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Gosselin, Anne" sort="Gosselin, Anne" uniqKey="Gosselin A" first="Anne" last="Gosselin">Anne Gosselin</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Bajos, Nathalie" sort="Bajos, Nathalie" uniqKey="Bajos N" first="Nathalie" last="Bajos">Nathalie Bajos</name>
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</affiliation>
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<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Villejuif</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Dray Spira, Rosemary" sort="Dray Spira, Rosemary" uniqKey="Dray Spira R" first="Rosemary" last="Dray-Spira">Rosemary Dray-Spira</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Paris, France.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">France</country>
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<series><title level="j">AIDS (London, England)</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0269-9370</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1473-5571</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016">2016</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objectives:</title>
<p>In Europe, sub-Saharan African migrants are a key population for HIV infection. We analyse how social hardships during settlement in France shape sexual partnerships and HIV risk.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Design:</title>
<p>PARCOURS is a life-event survey conducted in 2012–2013 in 74 health-care facilities in the Paris region, among three groups of sub-Saharan migrants: 926 receiving HIV care (296 acquired HIV in France), 779 with chronic hepatitis B, and 763 with neither HIV nor hepatitis B (reference group).</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods:</title>
<p>Hardships (lack of residence permit, economic resources and housing) and sexual partnerships were documented for each year since arrival in France. For each sex, reported sexual partnerships were compared by group and their associations with hardships each year analysed with mixed-effects logistic regression models.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="results"><title>Results:</title>
<p>Hardships were frequent: more than 40% had lived a year or longer without a residence permit, and more than 20% without stable housing. Most of the migrants had nonstable and concurrent partnerships, more frequent among those who acquired HIV in France compared with reference group, as were casual partnerships among men (76.7 vs. 54.2%; <italic>P</italic>
 = 0.004) and women (52.4 vs. 30.5%; <italic>P</italic>
 = 0.02), concurrent partnerships among men (69.9 vs. 45.8%; <italic>P</italic>
 = 0.02), and transactional partnerships among women (8.6 vs. 2.3%; <italic>P</italic>
 = 0.006). Hardship increased risky behaviours: in women, lacking a residence permit increased casual and transactional partnerships [resp. odds ratio (OR) = 2.01(1.48–2.72) and OR = 6.27(2.25–17.44)]. Same trends were observed for lacking stable housing [OR = 3.71(2.75–5.00) and OR = 10.58 (4.68–23.93)].</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="conclusion"><title>Conclusion:</title>
<p>Hardships faced by migrants increase HIV risks. Women, especially during the period without stable housing, appear especially vulnerable.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
  <front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">AIDS</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">AIDS</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">AIDS</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>AIDS (London, England)</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0269-9370</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1473-5571</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26558722</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4732006</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/QAD.0000000000000957</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Epidemiology and Social</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Is hardship during migration a determinant of HIV infection? Results from the ANRS PARCOURS study of sub-Saharan African migrants in France</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Desgrees-du-Lou</surname>
<given-names>Annabel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pannetier</surname>
<given-names>Julie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ravalihasy</surname>
<given-names>Andrainolo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Le Guen</surname>
<given-names>Mireille</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gosselin</surname>
<given-names>Anne</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Panjo</surname>
<given-names>Henri</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bajos</surname>
<given-names>Nathalie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lydie</surname>
<given-names>Nathalie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lert</surname>
<given-names>France</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dray-Spira</surname>
<given-names>Rosemary</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>the PARCOURS Study Group</collab>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><label>a</label>
IRD</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>b</label>
CEPED, UMR 196 Université Paris Descartes-IRD, Sorbonne Paris Cités, Paris</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>c</label>
INSERM, CESP-U 1018, Villejuif</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label>d</label>
INPES, Saint-Denis</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><label>e</label>
Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Paris, France.</aff>
<author-notes><corresp>Correspondence to Annabel Desgrees-du-Lou, PhD, IRD, CEPED, 19 rue Jacob, 75006 Paris, France. Tel: +00 33 1 78 94 98 74; fax: +00 33 1 78 94 98 79; e-mail: <email>annabel.desgrees@ird.fr</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>20</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>30</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>645</fpage>
<lpage>656</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>30</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><day>12</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>21</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License, where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ext-link>
</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="aids-30-645.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><sec><title>Objectives:</title>
<p>In Europe, sub-Saharan African migrants are a key population for HIV infection. We analyse how social hardships during settlement in France shape sexual partnerships and HIV risk.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Design:</title>
<p>PARCOURS is a life-event survey conducted in 2012–2013 in 74 health-care facilities in the Paris region, among three groups of sub-Saharan migrants: 926 receiving HIV care (296 acquired HIV in France), 779 with chronic hepatitis B, and 763 with neither HIV nor hepatitis B (reference group).</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods:</title>
<p>Hardships (lack of residence permit, economic resources and housing) and sexual partnerships were documented for each year since arrival in France. For each sex, reported sexual partnerships were compared by group and their associations with hardships each year analysed with mixed-effects logistic regression models.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="results"><title>Results:</title>
<p>Hardships were frequent: more than 40% had lived a year or longer without a residence permit, and more than 20% without stable housing. Most of the migrants had nonstable and concurrent partnerships, more frequent among those who acquired HIV in France compared with reference group, as were casual partnerships among men (76.7 vs. 54.2%; <italic>P</italic>
 = 0.004) and women (52.4 vs. 30.5%; <italic>P</italic>
 = 0.02), concurrent partnerships among men (69.9 vs. 45.8%; <italic>P</italic>
 = 0.02), and transactional partnerships among women (8.6 vs. 2.3%; <italic>P</italic>
 = 0.006). Hardship increased risky behaviours: in women, lacking a residence permit increased casual and transactional partnerships [resp. odds ratio (OR) = 2.01(1.48–2.72) and OR = 6.27(2.25–17.44)]. Same trends were observed for lacking stable housing [OR = 3.71(2.75–5.00) and OR = 10.58 (4.68–23.93)].</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="conclusion"><title>Conclusion:</title>
<p>Hardships faced by migrants increase HIV risks. Women, especially during the period without stable housing, appear especially vulnerable.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>African migrants</kwd>
<kwd>France</kwd>
<kwd>hardship</kwd>
<kwd>hepatitis B</kwd>
<kwd>HIV acquisition</kwd>
<kwd>sexual risk</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>OPEN-ACCESS</meta-name>
<meta-value>TRUE</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group><table-wrap id="T1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label>
<caption><p>Socio-demographic characteristics and legal, economic and housing hardships in France by sex and by study group – ANRS PARCOURS study.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td colspan="5" rowspan="1">Men</td>
<td colspan="5" rowspan="1">Women</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref. group</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">HIV-FR</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">HIV-BFR</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CHB</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref. group</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">HIV-FR</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">HIV-BFR</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CHB</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic>
 = 355</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic>
 = 139</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic>
 = 207</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic>
 = 559</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic>
 = 407</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic>
 = 157</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic>
 = 392</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic>
 = 217</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 value</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 value</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td colspan="11" rowspan="1">Age (years)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 18–34</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 35–44</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">37.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">43.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">47.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">42.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 45–60</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">40.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">68.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">47.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">40.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">35.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="11" rowspan="1">Educational level</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> None/primary</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.11</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.69</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Secondary</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">43.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">49.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">54.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">62.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">59.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">57.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Superior</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">37.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="11" rowspan="1">Region of birth</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> West Africa</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">64.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">56.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">57.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">57.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">45.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">73.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Central Africa</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">40.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">41.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">42.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">39.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">51.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> East/Southern Africa</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="11" rowspan="1">Age at arrival in France</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Median (IQR)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">26 (22–32)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">25 (22–29)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">35 (28–39)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 (23–33)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">26 (20–31)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">23 (17–27)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">30 (26–36)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">26 (21–33)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="11" rowspan="1">Duration of stay in France</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Median (IQR)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (4–24)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">24 (14–31)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 (5–13)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (6–17)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 (6–25)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">20 (1–25)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 (5–14)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 (4–16)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="11" rowspan="1">Partnership status at arrival in France</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Single</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">64.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">50.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">65.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.002</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">54.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.07</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Stable partner in France</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">47.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">39.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">41.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Stable partner in country of origin</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="11" rowspan="1">Systematic condom use in the last 12 month with</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> The last stable partner<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF1-1"><sup>a</sup>
</xref>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">37.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> The last casual partner<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF1-2"><sup>b</sup>
</xref>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">54.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">88.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.06</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">59.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">59.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">44.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ever had same-sex relationship</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.12</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="11" rowspan="1">Main reason for coming to France</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Join a family member</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">54.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">47.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Find work</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">43.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">42.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">48.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">39.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Threatened in your country</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Study</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Medical reasons</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="11" rowspan="1">Legal, economic, and housing hardships in France</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ever had one year with no resident permit</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">50.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">69.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">42.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">48.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">52.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">54.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.08</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ever had one year with no financial resource</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.16</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.07</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ever had one year with no stable housing</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">44.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.08</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">35.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn fn-type="other"><p>Weighted percentages. <italic>P</italic>
 value: design-based <italic>x</italic>
<sup><italic>2</italic>
</sup>
 test comparison of proportion and quantile regression with robust variance estimator for median comparison across groups. CHB, chronic hepatitis B.; HIV-BFR, HIV acquired before migration; HIV-FR, HIV acquired in France; IQR, interquartile range; REF GROUP, reference group.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="TF1-1"><p><sup>a</sup>
Respondents with at least one stable partner in the last 12 month.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="TF1-2"><p><sup>b</sup>
Respondents with at least one casual partner in the last 12 month.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="T2" position="float"><label>Table 2</label>
<caption><p>Types of sexual partnerships in France by sex and by study group – ANRS PARCOURS study.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td colspan="4" rowspan="1">Men</td>
<td colspan="4" rowspan="1">Women</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref. group</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">HIV-FR</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">HIV-BFR</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CHB</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref. group</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">HIV-FR</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">HIV-BFR</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CHB</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic>
 = 355</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic>
 = 139</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic>
 = 207</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic>
 = 559</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic>
 = 407</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic>
 = 157</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic>
 = 392</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic>
 = 217</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[95% CI]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[95% CI]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[95% CI]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[95% CI]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[95% CI]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[95% CI]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[95% CI]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[95% CI]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No partnership in France</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.9</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[8.6–20.5]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[0.1–6.6]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[6.4–15.7]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[6.3–10.4]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[4.5–17.1]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[1.3–9.1]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[7.0–15.1]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[5.7–16.7]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF2-1"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
 <italic><</italic>
 0.001</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.35</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.05</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.09</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.70</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.82</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="9" rowspan="1">Ever in France</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic> </italic>
Had stable partnership</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">74.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">90.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">83.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">91.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">75.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.5</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[65.7–82.3]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[80.6–95.3]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[73.0–82.0]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[73.9–82.2]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[74.9–90.0]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[86.8–95.0]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[68.9–80.5]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[76.4–85.7]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.85</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.73</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.17</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ref.</italic>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.67</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.30</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.71</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic> </italic>
Had casual partnership</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">54.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">76.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">57.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">52.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">40.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.1</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[46.6–61.5]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[68.0–83.5]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[43.5–62.6]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[52.1–62.2]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[21.4–41.3]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[42.7–61.9]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[35.0–46.8]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[26.8–37.8]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.004</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.40</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.32</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.02</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.03</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.74</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic> </italic>
Had transactional partnership</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.6</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[0.4–2.1]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[2.2–17.5]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[1.5–9.6]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[0.6–2.9]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[1.4–3.9]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[3.6–18.8]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[3.6–8.2]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[0.9–7.2]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.003</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.02</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.52</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.006</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.04</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.91</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic> </italic>
Paid for sex</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[8.4–16.5]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[15.5–28.3]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[7.2–19.1]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[9.7–16.5]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[0.0–1.3]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[0.2–5.8]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.06</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.80</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.84</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.26</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.08</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic> </italic>
Had concurrent partnerships</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">45.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">69.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">44.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">42.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.2</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[38.3–53.5]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[61.9–76.9]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[32.6–56.7]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[34.5–50.2]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[13.9–25.5]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[19.7–40.1]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[16.8–25.9]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">[12.1–21.4]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.02</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.95</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.59</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.23</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.17</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
 <italic>=</italic>
 0.54</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn fn-type="other"><p>Weighted percentages. CHB, chronic hepatitis B; CI, confidence interval; HIV-BFR, HIV acquired before migration; HIV-FR, HIV acquired in France; REF GROUP, reference group.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="TF2-1"><p><sup>*</sup>
<italic>P</italic>
 compared to the reference group by a design-based multivariate Poisson regression models adjusted for age, education level, and period of arrival in France or by design-based <italic>x</italic>
<sup>2</sup>
 test in case of rare events (no partnership, transactional partnership for men and paid sex for women).</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="T3" position="float"><label>Table 3</label>
<caption><p>Factors associated with sexual partnerships year by year since arrival in France among men (16 804 person-years at risk) (mixed-effects logistic regression models).</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td colspan="3" rowspan="1">Stable partnership</td>
<td colspan="3" rowspan="1">Casual partnership</td>
<td colspan="3" rowspan="1">Paid sex</td>
<td colspan="3" rowspan="1">Concurrent partnerships</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td colspan="2" rowspan="1">Univariate</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Multivariate</td>
<td colspan="2" rowspan="1">Univariate</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Multivariate</td>
<td colspan="2" rowspan="1">Univariate</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Multivariate</td>
<td colspan="2" rowspan="1">Univariate</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Multivariate</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">% PYR<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-1"><sup>a</sup>
</xref>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR [95% CI]<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-2"><sup>b</sup>
</xref>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR [95% CI]<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-3"><sup>c</sup>
</xref>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">% PYR</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR [CI95%]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR [95% CI]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">% PYR</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR [95% CI]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR [95% CI]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">% PYR</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR [95% CI]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR [CI95%]</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td colspan="13" rowspan="1">Residence permit<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-4"><sup>d</sup>
</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Residence permit (10 years or more)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Temporary residence permit</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">64.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.50<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.42–0.60]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.47<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.39–0.58]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.38<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.15–1.65]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.41<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.15–1.72]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.89<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.19–2.99]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.86<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[1.12–3.08]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.74<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.61–0.90]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.69<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.56–0.85]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No residence permit</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">50.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.23<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.19–0.30]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.23<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.18–0.30]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.62<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.29–2.03]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.77<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.37–2.28]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.79<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[1.05–3.04]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.82<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
 [1.03–3.24]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.46<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.36–0.60]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.47<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.35–0.62]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="13" rowspan="1">Resources<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-4"><sup>d</sup>
</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Your own work</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">71.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Work of spouse or other family members</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">51.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.38<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.28–0.51]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.56<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.41–0.78]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.65<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[0.46–0.93]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.53<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.36–0.76]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.95 [0.48–1.88]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.58 [0.28–1.21]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.62<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[0.41–0.93]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.65 [0.42–1.01]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> State allowances</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.22<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.16–0.31]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.27<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.19–0.37]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.09 [0.80–1.48]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.89 [0.65–1.22]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.74 [0.36–1.52]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.56 [0.27–1.16]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.61<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.43–0.87]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.61<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.43–0.87]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No resource</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">41.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.36<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.22–0.58]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.60<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[0.37–0.99]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.52<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[0.31–0.86]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.43<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.25–0.72]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.15<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[0.03–0.64]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.11<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.02–0.51]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.37<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.20–0.69]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.40<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.21–0.75]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="13" rowspan="1">Housing situation<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-4"><sup>d</sup>
</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Your own housing</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Housed by your family</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">48.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.23<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.19–0.27]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.32<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.26–0.39]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.41<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.18–1.69]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.50<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.23–1.83]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.47 [0.93–2.31]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.68<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[1.05–2.67]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.84 [0.68–1.04]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.18 [0.94–1.47]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Associations, workers’ hostels</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">62.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.27<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.21–0.35]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.30<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.23–0.39]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.02<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.57–2.60]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.00<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.53–2.61]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.30<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[2.58–7.16]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.16<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[2.46–7.04]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.24 [0.94–1.63]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.35<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[1.02–1.80]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No stable housing</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">51.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.31<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.24–0.40]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.36<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.27–0.47]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.70<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.31–2.21]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.67<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.26–2.22]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.57 [0.89–2.78]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.80 [1.00–3.25]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.94 [0.70–1.26]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.12 [0.82–1.53]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="13" rowspan="1">Main reason for coming to FR</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Join a family member</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Find work</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">68.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.04 [0.57–1.90]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.87 [0.46–1.63]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.64 [0.36–1.14]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.73 [0.39–1.37]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.61 [0.95–7.19]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.48 [0.56–3.91]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.72 [0.96–3.10]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.32<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.23–4.40]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Threatened in your country</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.16 [0.57–2.35]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.92 [0.45–1.89]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">35.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.37 [0.69–2.68</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.47 [0.72–3.02]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.48 [0.79–7.82]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.60 [0.53–4.86]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.08<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[1.04–4.15]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.71<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.30–5.65]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Study</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">67.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.69 [0.34–1.41]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.60 [0.29–1.27]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.56 [0.80–3.07]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.02 [0.49–2.14]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.70 [0.19–2.55]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.56 [0.16–1.99]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.09 [0.55–2.19]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.09 [0.51–2.32]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Medical reasons</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.25 [0.46–3.42]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.83 [0.30–2.32]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.58 [0.22–1.54]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.96 [0.34–2.67]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.47 [0.27–8.03]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.44 [0.29–7.12]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.03 [0.37–2.88]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.43 [0.48–4.23]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="13" rowspan="1">Level of education</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> None/primary</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">69.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Secondary</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.51<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.32–0.82]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.47<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.29–0.77]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.12<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[2.60–6.53]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.60<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[2.81–7.53]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.97 [0.50–1.87]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.51 [0.76–2.99]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.17 [0.73–1.86]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.40 [0.86–2.31]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Postsecondary</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">68.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.95 [0.57–1.58]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.75 [0.42–1.35]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.55<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[2.17–5.79]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.98<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[2.20–7.20]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.48 [0.22–1.05]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.06 [0.44–2.55]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.16 [0.70–1.91]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.53 [0.85–2.79]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="13" rowspan="1">Group</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> REF GROUP</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">67.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> HIV-FR</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">70.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.82 [0.42–1.63]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.18<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.61–6.28]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.65 [0.63–4.29]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.11<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[1.08–4.11]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> HIV-BFR</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.41<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.22–0.76]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.93<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[1.02–3.65]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.72 [0.69–4.28]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.10 [0.58–2.09]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> CHB</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.09 [0.68–1.75]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.85 [0.53–1.37]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.78 [0.38–1.60]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.75 [0.46–1.21]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Time in France (in years)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.07<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.05–1.08]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.95<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.94–0.96]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.94<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF3-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.91–0.96]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.01 [1.00–1.02]</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn fn-type="other"><p>Note: Model was not performed on transactional sex for men since this was very rare. CHB, chronic hepatitis B; CI, confidence interval; HIV-BFR, HIV acquired before migration; HIV-FR, HIV acquired in France; REF GROUP, reference group.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="TF3-1"><p><sup>a</sup>
Percentage of person-years at risk.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="TF3-2"><p><sup>b</sup>
Odds ratio adjusted for study group and time.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="TF3-3"><p><sup>c</sup>
Odds ratio adjusted for study group, time, age, period at arrival, level of education, main reason for coming in France, housing situation, resources, residence permit.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="TF3-4"><p><sup>d</sup>
Time-varying variables.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="TF3-5"><p><sup>*</sup>
<italic>P</italic>
 < 0.05.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="TF3-6"><p><sup>**</sup>
<italic>P</italic>
 < 0.01.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="T4" position="float"><label>Table 4</label>
<caption><p>Factors associated with sexual partnerships year by year since arrival in France among women (15 148 person–years at risk) (mixed-effects logistic regression models).</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td colspan="3" rowspan="1">Stable partnership</td>
<td colspan="3" rowspan="1">Casual partnership</td>
<td colspan="3" rowspan="1">Transactional partnership</td>
<td colspan="3" rowspan="1">Concurrent partnerships</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td colspan="2" rowspan="1">Univariate</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Multivariate</td>
<td colspan="2" rowspan="1">Univariate</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Multivariate</td>
<td colspan="2" rowspan="1">Univariate</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Multivariate</td>
<td colspan="2" rowspan="1">Univariate</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Multivariate</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">% PYR<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-1"><sup>a</sup>
</xref>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR [95% CI]<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-2"><sup>b</sup>
</xref>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR [95% CI]<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-3"><sup>c</sup>
</xref>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">% PYR</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR [95% CI]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR [95% CI]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">% PYR</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR [95% CI]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR [95% CI]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">% PYR</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR [95% CI]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR [95% CI]</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td colspan="13" rowspan="1">Residence permit<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-4"><sup>d</sup>
</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Residence permit (10 years or more)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">72.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Temporary residence permit</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">68.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99 [0.84–1.17]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.11 [0.91–1.35]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.23 [0.96–1.58]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.02 [0.77–1.34]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.04 [0.83–5.02]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.40 [0.53–3.72]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.31 [0.91–1.86]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.28 [0.87–1.88]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No residence permit</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">58.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.56<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.45–0.69]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.89 [0.69–1.14]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.01<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.48–2.72]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.46<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[1.03–2.08]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.27<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[2.25–17.44]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.56<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[1.19–10.63]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.68<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.76–4.07]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.77<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.73–4.45]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="13" rowspan="1">Resources<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-4"><sup>d</sup>
</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Your own work</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">73.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Work of spouse or other family members</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.94 [0.76–1.16]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.08 [0.87–1.35]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.50<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.37–0.69]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.48<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.35–0.66]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.94 [0.41–2.15]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.84 [0.36–1.95]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.65<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[0.43–0.97]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.58<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[0.39–0.88]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> State allowances</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">56.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.46<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.36–0.59]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.57<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.45–0.73]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.37 [0.98–1.91]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.18 [0.85–1.65]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.36 [0.81–6.90]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.37 [0.46–4.07]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.77<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[1.12–2.79]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.65<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[1.03–2.64]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No resource</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.12<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.07–0.21]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.15–0.43]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.61 [0.94–2.74]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.96 [0.55–1.65]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.77 [0.21–2.83]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.36 [0.09–1.44]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.85 [0.41–1.75]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.59 [0.28–1.25]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="13" rowspan="1">Housing situation<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-4"><sup>d</sup>
</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Your own housing</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Housed by your family</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">48.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.12<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.10–0.14]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.16<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.13–0.19]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.69<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.35–2.13]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.79<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.39–2.30]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.63<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[1.19–5.82]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.23 [0.96–5.18]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.01 [0.73–1.39]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.02 [0.72–1.44]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Associations, workers’ hostels</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">54.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.18–0.34]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.28<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.20–0.39]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.30 [0.84–2.03]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.94 [0.58–1.52]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.53 [0.70–9.11]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.02 [0.51–7.93]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.52 [0.25–1.07]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.45<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[0.21–0.97]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No stable housing</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">50.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.22<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.17–0.28]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.26<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.20–0.34]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.71<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[2.75–5.00]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.99<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[2.17–4.13]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.58<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[4.68–23.93]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.17<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[3.41–19.60]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.15<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.45–3.19]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.72<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[1.13–2.62]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="13" rowspan="1">Main reason for coming to FR</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Join a family member</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">73.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Find work</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.32<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.21–0.50]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.32<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.20–0.51]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.20<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[2.08–4.90]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.80<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.75–4.47]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.76<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.87–17.72]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.06 [0.93–10.13]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.87<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[1.13–3.10]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.71 [0.97–3.01]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Threatened in your country</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">58.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.11<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.06–0.20]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.14<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.08–0.26]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.94<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[2.86–8.53]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.34<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.85–6.05]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.08<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[3.65–54.27]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.80<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[1.41–23.91]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.98<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[1.02–3.86]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.54 [0.74–3.21]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Study</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">67.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.38<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.20–0.74]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.24<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.12–0.48</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.62<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.95–6.70]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.72<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.40–5.30]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.53 [0.68–18.29]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.25 [0.59–17.80]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.78 [0.85–3.73]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.29 [0.57–2.92]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Medical reasons</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">58.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.22<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.10–0.47]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.35<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.16–0.77]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.53<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.74–7.16]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.78<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.30–5.96]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.64 [0.75–28.59]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.70 [0.42–17.23]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.01<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.82–8.81]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.37<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.84–10.40]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="13" rowspan="1">Level of education</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> None/primary</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">73.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Secondary</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">68.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.65 [0.41–1.04]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.11 [0.91–1.35]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.90<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.18–3.06]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.50 [0.93–2.42]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.79 [0.54–5.91]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.78 [0.55–5.74]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.80<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[1.01–3.19]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.71 [0.95–3.07]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Postsecondary</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">65.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.84 [0.48–1.47]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.89 [0.69–1.14]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.18<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.25–3.80]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.80<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-5"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
[1.01–3.21]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.16 [0.27–4.92]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.43 [0.33–6.19]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.64 [0.84–3.20]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.78 [0.87–3.63]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="13" rowspan="1">Group</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> REF GROUP</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">74.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> HIV -FR</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">64.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.28<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.16–0.49]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.19<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.25–3.82]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.47 [0.89–13.50]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.64 [0.85–3.17]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> HIV-BFR</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">64.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.35<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.22–0.56]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.13<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[1.35–3.36]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.13 [0.72–6.29]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.9</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.40 [0.81–2.41]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> CHB</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">70.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.81 [0.48–1.37]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.14 [0.67–1.94]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.36 [0.08–1.76]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.73 [0.38–1.41]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Time in France (in years)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.93<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.92–0.94]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99 [0.98–1.01]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.94 [0.87–1.01]</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.94<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TF4-6"><sup>**</sup>
</xref>
[0.92–0.96]</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn fn-type="other"><p>Note: Model was not performed on paid sex for women since this was very rare. CHB, chronic hepatitis B; CI, confidence interval; HIV-BFR, HIV acquired before migration; HIV-FR, HIV acquired in France; REF GROUP, reference group.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="TF4-1"><p><sup>a</sup>
Percentage of person-years at risk.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="TF4-2"><p><sup>b</sup>
Odds ratio adjusted for study group and time.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="TF4-3"><p><sup>c</sup>
Odds ratio adjusted for study group, time, age, period at arrival, level of education, main reason for coming in France, housing situation, resources, residence permit.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="TF4-4"><p><sup>d</sup>
Time-varying variables.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="TF4-5"><p><sup>*</sup>
<italic>P</italic>
 < 0.05.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="TF4-6"><p><sup>**</sup>
<italic>P</italic>
 < 0.01.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
</record>

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	Le SIDA en Afrique subsaharienne (serveur d'exploration)
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Le SIDA en Afrique subsaharienne (serveur d'exploration)

Is hardship during migration a determinant of HIV infection? Results from the ANRS PARCOURS study of sub-Saharan African migrants in France

Is hardship during migration a determinant of HIV infection? Results from the ANRS PARCOURS study of sub-Saharan African migrants in France

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