Cryptococcus gattii Infections
Identifieur interne : 002D68 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 002D67; suivant : 002D69Cryptococcus gattii Infections
Auteurs : Sharon C.-A. Chen ; Wieland Meyer ; Tania C. SorrellSource :
- Clinical Microbiology Reviews [ 0893-8512 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Understanding of the taxonomy and phylogeny of
Url:
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00126-13
PubMed: 25278580
PubMed Central: 4187630
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PMC:4187630Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en"><named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus gattii</named-content>
Infections</title>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Sharon C A" sort="Chen, Sharon C A" uniqKey="Chen S" first="Sharon C.-A." last="Chen">Sharon C.-A. Chen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Western Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyer, Wieland" sort="Meyer, Wieland" uniqKey="Meyer W" first="Wieland" last="Meyer">Wieland Meyer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Western Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sorrell, Tania C" sort="Sorrell, Tania C" uniqKey="Sorrell T" first="Tania C." last="Sorrell">Tania C. Sorrell</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Western Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">25278580</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4187630</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4187630</idno>
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<date when="2014">2014</date>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main"><named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus gattii</named-content>
Infections</title>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Sharon C A" sort="Chen, Sharon C A" uniqKey="Chen S" first="Sharon C.-A." last="Chen">Sharon C.-A. Chen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Western Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyer, Wieland" sort="Meyer, Wieland" uniqKey="Meyer W" first="Wieland" last="Meyer">Wieland Meyer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Western Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sorrell, Tania C" sort="Sorrell, Tania C" uniqKey="Sorrell T" first="Tania C." last="Sorrell">Tania C. Sorrell</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Western Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Clinical Microbiology Reviews</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0893-8512</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1098-6618</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>SUMMARY</title>
<p>Understanding of the taxonomy and phylogeny of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus gattii</named-content>
has been advanced by modern molecular techniques. <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. gattii</named-content>
probably diverged from <named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus neoformans</named-content>
between 16 million and 160 million years ago, depending on the dating methods applied, and maintains diversity by recombining in nature. South America is the likely source of the virulent <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. gattii</named-content>
VGII molecular types that have emerged in North America. <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. gattii</named-content>
shares major virulence determinants with <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. neoformans</named-content>
, although genomic and transcriptomic studies revealed that despite similar genomes, the VGIIa and VGIIb subtypes employ very different transcriptional circuits and manifest differences in virulence phenotypes. Preliminary evidence suggests that <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. gattii</named-content>
VGII causes severe lung disease and death without dissemination, whereas <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. neoformans</named-content>
disseminates readily to the central nervous system (CNS) and causes death from meningoencephalitis. Overall, currently available data indicate that the <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. gattii</named-content>
VGI, VGII, and VGIII molecular types more commonly affect nonimmunocompromised hosts, in contrast to VGIV. New, rapid, cheap diagnostic tests and imaging modalities are assisting early diagnosis and enabling better outcomes of cerebral cryptococcosis. Complications of CNS infection include increased intracranial pressure, severe neurological sequelae, and development of immune reconstitution syndrome, although the mortality rate is low. <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. gattii</named-content>
VGII isolates may exhibit higher fluconazole MICs than other genotypes. Optimal therapeutic regimens are yet to be determined; in most cases, initial therapy with amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine is recommended.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Clin Microbiol Rev</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Clin. Microbiol. Rev</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">cmr</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">cmr</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">CMR</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Clinical Microbiology Reviews</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0893-8512</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1098-6618</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>American Society for Microbiology</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25278580</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4187630</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">00126-13</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/CMR.00126-13</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Reviews</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title><named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus gattii</named-content>
Infections</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>Sharon C.-A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="bio" rid="d35e56">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meyer</surname>
<given-names>Wieland</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="bio" rid="d35e82">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Sorrell</surname>
<given-names>Tania C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="bio" rid="d35e124">*</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1"><label>a</label>
Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>b</label>
Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>c</label>
Western Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label>d</label>
Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><label>e</label>
Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, NSW, Australia</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">Address correspondence to Tania C. Sorrell, <email>tania.sorrell@sydney.edu.au</email>
.</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>980</fpage>
<lpage>1024</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>American Society for Microbiology</copyright-holder>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zcm00414000980.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><sec><title>SUMMARY</title>
<p>Understanding of the taxonomy and phylogeny of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus gattii</named-content>
has been advanced by modern molecular techniques. <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. gattii</named-content>
probably diverged from <named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus neoformans</named-content>
between 16 million and 160 million years ago, depending on the dating methods applied, and maintains diversity by recombining in nature. South America is the likely source of the virulent <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. gattii</named-content>
VGII molecular types that have emerged in North America. <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. gattii</named-content>
shares major virulence determinants with <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. neoformans</named-content>
, although genomic and transcriptomic studies revealed that despite similar genomes, the VGIIa and VGIIb subtypes employ very different transcriptional circuits and manifest differences in virulence phenotypes. Preliminary evidence suggests that <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. gattii</named-content>
VGII causes severe lung disease and death without dissemination, whereas <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. neoformans</named-content>
disseminates readily to the central nervous system (CNS) and causes death from meningoencephalitis. Overall, currently available data indicate that the <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. gattii</named-content>
VGI, VGII, and VGIII molecular types more commonly affect nonimmunocompromised hosts, in contrast to VGIV. New, rapid, cheap diagnostic tests and imaging modalities are assisting early diagnosis and enabling better outcomes of cerebral cryptococcosis. Complications of CNS infection include increased intracranial pressure, severe neurological sequelae, and development of immune reconstitution syndrome, although the mortality rate is low. <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. gattii</named-content>
VGII isolates may exhibit higher fluconazole MICs than other genotypes. Optimal therapeutic regimens are yet to be determined; in most cases, initial therapy with amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine is recommended.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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