SidaSubSaharaV1, Pmc, Corpus, bibRecord, 001D22

Growth in Virologically Suppressed HIV Positive Children on Antiretroviral Therapy: Individual and Population-Level References

Identifieur interne : 001D22 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 001D21; suivant : 001D23

Growth in Virologically Suppressed HIV Positive Children on Antiretroviral Therapy: Individual and Population-Level References

Auteurs : Olivia Keiser ; Nello Blaser ; Mary-Ann Davies ; Patrick Wessa ; Brian Eley ; Harry Moultrie ; Helena Rabie ; Karl Technau ; James Ndirangu ; Daniela Garone ; Janet Giddy ; Ashraf Grimwood ; Thomas Gsponer ; Matthias Egger

Source :

The Pediatric infectious disease journal [ 0891-3668 ] ; 2015.

RBID : PMC:4570854

Abstract

Background

Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses viral replication in HIV-infected children. The growth of virologically suppressed children on ART has not been well documented. We aimed to develop dynamic reference curves for weight-for-age z scores (WAZ) and height-for-age z scores (HAZ).

Methods

Children aged <11 years at ART initiation with continuously undetectable viral loads (<400 copies/ml) treated at seven South African ART programs with routine viral load monitoring were included. We used multilevel models to define trajectories of WAZ and HAZ up to 3 years and developed a web application to monitor trajectories in individual children.

Results

A total of 4,876 children were followed for 7,407 person-years. Analyses were stratified by baseline z-scores and age, which were the most important predictors of growth response. The youngest children showed the most pronounced increase in weight and height initially but catch-up growth stagnated after 1–2 years. Three years after starting ART, WAZ ranged from −2.2 (95% Prediction interval −5.6 to 0.8) in children with baseline age >5 years and z-score <−3 to 0.0 (−2.7 to 2.4) in children with baseline age <2 years and WAZ >−1. For HAZ the corresponding range was −2.3 (−4.9 to 0.3) in children with baseline age>5 years and z-score <−3 to 0.3 (−3.1 to 3.4) in children with baseline age 2–5 years and HAZ >−1.

Conclusions

We have developed an online tool to calculate reference trajectories in fully suppressed children. The web application could help to define ‘optimal’ growth response and identify children with treatment failure.

Url:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4570854

DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000000801
PubMed: 26192393
PubMed Central: 4570854

Links to Exploration step

PMC:4570854

Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Keiser, Olivia" sort="Keiser, Olivia" uniqKey="Keiser O" first="Olivia" last="Keiser">Olivia Keiser</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blaser, Nello" sort="Blaser, Nello" uniqKey="Blaser N" first="Nello" last="Blaser">Nello Blaser</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Davies, Mary Ann" sort="Davies, Mary Ann" uniqKey="Davies M" first="Mary-Ann" last="Davies">Mary-Ann Davies</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wessa, Patrick" sort="Wessa, Patrick" uniqKey="Wessa P" first="Patrick" last="Wessa">Patrick Wessa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Leuven Institute for Research on Information Systems, KU Leuven, Belgium</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eley, Brian" sort="Eley, Brian" uniqKey="Eley B" first="Brian" last="Eley">Brian Eley</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moultrie, Harry" sort="Moultrie, Harry" uniqKey="Moultrie H" first="Harry" last="Moultrie">Harry Moultrie</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute (Harriet Shezi Children’s Clinic, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto) University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rabie, Helena" sort="Rabie, Helena" uniqKey="Rabie H" first="Helena" last="Rabie">Helena Rabie</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Tygerberg Academic Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Technau, Karl" sort="Technau, Karl" uniqKey="Technau K" first="Karl" last="Technau">Karl Technau</name>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ndirangu, James" sort="Ndirangu, James" uniqKey="Ndirangu J" first="James" last="Ndirangu">James Ndirangu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garone, Daniela" sort="Garone, Daniela" uniqKey="Garone D" first="Daniela" last="Garone">Daniela Garone</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) South Africa, Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giddy, Janet" sort="Giddy, Janet" uniqKey="Giddy J" first="Janet" last="Giddy">Janet Giddy</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Sinikithemba Clinic, McCord Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grimwood, Ashraf" sort="Grimwood, Ashraf" uniqKey="Grimwood A" first="Ashraf" last="Grimwood">Ashraf Grimwood</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Kheth’Impilo, Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gsponer, Thomas" sort="Gsponer, Thomas" uniqKey="Gsponer T" first="Thomas" last="Gsponer">Thomas Gsponer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Egger, Matthias" sort="Egger, Matthias" uniqKey="Egger M" first="Matthias" last="Egger">Matthias Egger</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Growth in Virologically Suppressed HIV Positive Children on Antiretroviral Therapy: Individual and Population-Level References</title>
<author><name sortKey="Keiser, Olivia" sort="Keiser, Olivia" uniqKey="Keiser O" first="Olivia" last="Keiser">Olivia Keiser</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blaser, Nello" sort="Blaser, Nello" uniqKey="Blaser N" first="Nello" last="Blaser">Nello Blaser</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Davies, Mary Ann" sort="Davies, Mary Ann" uniqKey="Davies M" first="Mary-Ann" last="Davies">Mary-Ann Davies</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wessa, Patrick" sort="Wessa, Patrick" uniqKey="Wessa P" first="Patrick" last="Wessa">Patrick Wessa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Leuven Institute for Research on Information Systems, KU Leuven, Belgium</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eley, Brian" sort="Eley, Brian" uniqKey="Eley B" first="Brian" last="Eley">Brian Eley</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moultrie, Harry" sort="Moultrie, Harry" uniqKey="Moultrie H" first="Harry" last="Moultrie">Harry Moultrie</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute (Harriet Shezi Children’s Clinic, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto) University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rabie, Helena" sort="Rabie, Helena" uniqKey="Rabie H" first="Helena" last="Rabie">Helena Rabie</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Tygerberg Academic Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Technau, Karl" sort="Technau, Karl" uniqKey="Technau K" first="Karl" last="Technau">Karl Technau</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Empilweni Services and Research Unit (Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Johannesburg) and University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ndirangu, James" sort="Ndirangu, James" uniqKey="Ndirangu J" first="James" last="Ndirangu">James Ndirangu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garone, Daniela" sort="Garone, Daniela" uniqKey="Garone D" first="Daniela" last="Garone">Daniela Garone</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) South Africa, Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giddy, Janet" sort="Giddy, Janet" uniqKey="Giddy J" first="Janet" last="Giddy">Janet Giddy</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Sinikithemba Clinic, McCord Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grimwood, Ashraf" sort="Grimwood, Ashraf" uniqKey="Grimwood A" first="Ashraf" last="Grimwood">Ashraf Grimwood</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Kheth’Impilo, Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gsponer, Thomas" sort="Gsponer, Thomas" uniqKey="Gsponer T" first="Thomas" last="Gsponer">Thomas Gsponer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Egger, Matthias" sort="Egger, Matthias" uniqKey="Egger M" first="Matthias" last="Egger">Matthias Egger</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">The Pediatric infectious disease journal</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0891-3668</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1532-0987</idno>
<imprint><date when="2015">2015</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>Background</title>
<p id="P2">Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses viral replication in HIV-infected children. The growth of virologically suppressed children on ART has not been well documented. We aimed to develop dynamic reference curves for weight-for-age z scores (WAZ) and height-for-age z scores (HAZ).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2"><title>Methods</title>
<p id="P3">Children aged <11 years at ART initiation with continuously undetectable viral loads (<400 copies/ml) treated at seven South African ART programs with routine viral load monitoring were included. We used multilevel models to define trajectories of WAZ and HAZ up to 3 years and developed a web application to monitor trajectories in individual children.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3"><title>Results</title>
<p id="P4">A total of 4,876 children were followed for 7,407 person-years. Analyses were stratified by baseline z-scores and age, which were the most important predictors of growth response. The youngest children showed the most pronounced increase in weight and height initially but catch-up growth stagnated after 1–2 years. Three years after starting ART, WAZ ranged from −2.2 (95% Prediction interval −5.6 to 0.8) in children with baseline age >5 years and z-score <−3 to 0.0 (−2.7 to 2.4) in children with baseline age <2 years and WAZ >−1. For HAZ the corresponding range was −2.3 (−4.9 to 0.3) in children with baseline age>5 years and z-score <−3 to 0.3 (−3.1 to 3.4) in children with baseline age 2–5 years and HAZ >−1.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4"><title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P5">We have developed an online tool to calculate reference trajectories in fully suppressed children. The web application could help to define ‘optimal’ growth response and identify children with treatment failure.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
  <pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
  <front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">8701858</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">6404</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Pediatr Infect Dis J</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>The Pediatric infectious disease journal</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0891-3668</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1532-0987</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26192393</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4570854</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/INF.0000000000000801</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS699813</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Growth in Virologically Suppressed HIV Positive Children on Antiretroviral Therapy: Individual and Population-Level References</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Keiser</surname>
<given-names>Olivia</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Blaser</surname>
<given-names>Nello</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MSc</degrees>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Davies</surname>
<given-names>Mary-Ann</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wessa</surname>
<given-names>Patrick</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eley</surname>
<given-names>Brian</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moultrie</surname>
<given-names>Harry</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rabie</surname>
<given-names>Helena</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Technau</surname>
<given-names>Karl</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ndirangu</surname>
<given-names>James</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Garone</surname>
<given-names>Daniela</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Giddy</surname>
<given-names>Janet</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grimwood</surname>
<given-names>Ashraf</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MBChBMPH</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gsponer</surname>
<given-names>Thomas</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Egger</surname>
<given-names>Matthias</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>for IeDEA Southern Africa</collab>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1"><label>1</label>
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>2</label>
School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>3</label>
Leuven Institute for Research on Information Systems, KU Leuven, Belgium</aff>
<aff id="A4"><label>4</label>
Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa</aff>
<aff id="A5"><label>5</label>
Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute (Harriet Shezi Children’s Clinic, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto) University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</aff>
<aff id="A6"><label>6</label>
Tygerberg Academic Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa</aff>
<aff id="A7"><label>7</label>
Empilweni Services and Research Unit (Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Johannesburg) and University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</aff>
<aff id="A8"><label>8</label>
Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele, South Africa</aff>
<aff id="A9"><label>9</label>
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) South Africa, Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa</aff>
<aff id="A10"><label>10</label>
Sinikithemba Clinic, McCord Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa</aff>
<aff id="A11"><label>11</label>
Kheth’Impilo, Cape Town, South Africa</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><bold>Correspondence to:</bold>
 Olivia Keiser, PhD, Institute of Social & Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland, Tel. +41 31 631 35 15, <email>okeiser@ispm.unibe.ch</email>
</corresp>
<fn id="FN1" fn-type="equal"><label>*</label>
<p id="P1">equal contribution</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>14</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>01</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>34</volume>
<issue>10</issue>
<fpage>e254</fpage>
<lpage>e259</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1097/INF.0000000000000801</pmc-comment>
      <abstract><sec id="S1"><title>Background</title>
<p id="P2">Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses viral replication in HIV-infected children. The growth of virologically suppressed children on ART has not been well documented. We aimed to develop dynamic reference curves for weight-for-age z scores (WAZ) and height-for-age z scores (HAZ).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2"><title>Methods</title>
<p id="P3">Children aged <11 years at ART initiation with continuously undetectable viral loads (<400 copies/ml) treated at seven South African ART programs with routine viral load monitoring were included. We used multilevel models to define trajectories of WAZ and HAZ up to 3 years and developed a web application to monitor trajectories in individual children.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3"><title>Results</title>
<p id="P4">A total of 4,876 children were followed for 7,407 person-years. Analyses were stratified by baseline z-scores and age, which were the most important predictors of growth response. The youngest children showed the most pronounced increase in weight and height initially but catch-up growth stagnated after 1–2 years. Three years after starting ART, WAZ ranged from −2.2 (95% Prediction interval −5.6 to 0.8) in children with baseline age >5 years and z-score <−3 to 0.0 (−2.7 to 2.4) in children with baseline age <2 years and WAZ >−1. For HAZ the corresponding range was −2.3 (−4.9 to 0.3) in children with baseline age>5 years and z-score <−3 to 0.3 (−3.1 to 3.4) in children with baseline age 2–5 years and HAZ >−1.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4"><title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P5">We have developed an online tool to calculate reference trajectories in fully suppressed children. The web application could help to define ‘optimal’ growth response and identify children with treatment failure.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>HIV</kwd>
<kwd>antiretroviral therapy</kwd>
<kwd>growth</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>

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Growth in Virologically Suppressed HIV Positive Children on Antiretroviral Therapy: Individual and Population-Level References

Growth in Virologically Suppressed HIV Positive Children on Antiretroviral Therapy: Individual and Population-Level References

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