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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Mortality among HIV-1– and Human Herpesvirus Type 8–Affected Mother-Infant Pairs in Zambia</title>
<author><name sortKey="Wojcicki, Janet" sort="Wojcicki, Janet" uniqKey="Wojcicki J" first="Janet" last="Wojcicki">Janet Wojcicki</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mwanahamuntu, Mulindi" sort="Mwanahamuntu, Mulindi" uniqKey="Mwanahamuntu M" first="Mulindi" last="Mwanahamuntu">Mulindi Mwanahamuntu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">University Teaching Hospital, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Minhas, Veenu" sort="Minhas, Veenu" uniqKey="Minhas V" first="Veenu" last="Minhas">Veenu Minhas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Nebraska Center for Virology and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Djokic, Boris" sort="Djokic, Boris" uniqKey="Djokic B" first="Boris" last="Djokic">Boris Djokic</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kankasa, Chipepo" sort="Kankasa, Chipepo" uniqKey="Kankasa C" first="Chipepo" last="Kankasa">Chipepo Kankasa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">University Teaching Hospital, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klaskala, Winslow" sort="Klaskala, Winslow" uniqKey="Klaskala W" first="Winslow" last="Klaskala">Winslow Klaskala</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Nebraska Center for Virology and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brayfield, Brad" sort="Brayfield, Brad" uniqKey="Brayfield B" first="Brad" last="Brayfield">Brad Brayfield</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Nebraska Center for Virology and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Phiri, Saul" sort="Phiri, Saul" uniqKey="Phiri S" first="Saul" last="Phiri">Saul Phiri</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">University Teaching Hospital, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wood, Charles" sort="Wood, Charles" uniqKey="Wood C" first="Charles" last="Wood">Charles Wood</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Nebraska Center for Virology and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mitchell, Charles D" sort="Mitchell, Charles D" uniqKey="Mitchell C" first="Charles D." last="Mitchell">Charles D. Mitchell</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">18768489</idno>
<idno type="pmc">2892478</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2892478</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:2892478</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0254</idno>
<date when="2008">2008</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001105</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001105</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Mortality among HIV-1– and Human Herpesvirus Type 8–Affected Mother-Infant Pairs in Zambia</title>
<author><name sortKey="Wojcicki, Janet" sort="Wojcicki, Janet" uniqKey="Wojcicki J" first="Janet" last="Wojcicki">Janet Wojcicki</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mwanahamuntu, Mulindi" sort="Mwanahamuntu, Mulindi" uniqKey="Mwanahamuntu M" first="Mulindi" last="Mwanahamuntu">Mulindi Mwanahamuntu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">University Teaching Hospital, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Minhas, Veenu" sort="Minhas, Veenu" uniqKey="Minhas V" first="Veenu" last="Minhas">Veenu Minhas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Nebraska Center for Virology and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Djokic, Boris" sort="Djokic, Boris" uniqKey="Djokic B" first="Boris" last="Djokic">Boris Djokic</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kankasa, Chipepo" sort="Kankasa, Chipepo" uniqKey="Kankasa C" first="Chipepo" last="Kankasa">Chipepo Kankasa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">University Teaching Hospital, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klaskala, Winslow" sort="Klaskala, Winslow" uniqKey="Klaskala W" first="Winslow" last="Klaskala">Winslow Klaskala</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Nebraska Center for Virology and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brayfield, Brad" sort="Brayfield, Brad" uniqKey="Brayfield B" first="Brad" last="Brayfield">Brad Brayfield</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Nebraska Center for Virology and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Phiri, Saul" sort="Phiri, Saul" uniqKey="Phiri S" first="Saul" last="Phiri">Saul Phiri</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">University Teaching Hospital, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wood, Charles" sort="Wood, Charles" uniqKey="Wood C" first="Charles" last="Wood">Charles Wood</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Nebraska Center for Virology and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mitchell, Charles D" sort="Mitchell, Charles D" uniqKey="Mitchell C" first="Charles D." last="Mitchell">Charles D. Mitchell</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1055-9965</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1538-7755</idno>
<imprint><date when="2008">2008</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>Objective</title>
<p id="P1">To determine the respective trends in mortality of Zambian mother-infant pairs based on maternal infection with HIV-1 and human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8).</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="methods" id="S2"><title>Methods</title>
<p id="P2">A prospective cohort study was done on Zambian mother-infant pairs, stratified by maternal serologic status and followed from 6 weeks postdelivery for 48 months. Statistical analysis of the differences in the calculated mortality rates among the four groups was done using Stata 7.0. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models were used to measure subject survival time.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3"><title>Results</title>
<p id="P3">Between September 1998 and March 2002, a total of 1,425 mother-infant pairs were enrolled. The crude mortality rate among children born to dually infected mothers was ~9 times higher (245.90 deaths per 1,000 live births) when compared with the death ratio of children born to seronegative mothers (24.63 deaths per 1,000 live births). The incidence rate for death was 0.34/1,000 in infants of co-infected mothers in comparison with 0.32/1,000 among HIV-1–infected mothers, 0.0336/1,000 among uninfected mothers, and 0.0403/1,000 among HHV-8–infected mothers (χ<sup>2</sup>
= 154.56; <italic>P</italic>
< 0.01). Infants of co-infected mothers had a comparable risk of death in comparison with infants infected with HIV-1 alone {hazard ratio, 9.91 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 5.08–19.37] for co-infected versus 9.26 [95% CI, 4.75–18.07] for HIV-1–infected alone}. Infants of mothers infected only with HHV-8 also had comparable survival in comparison with uninfected infants (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.56–2.61).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p id="P4">Infants born to mothers dually infected with both HIV-1 and HHV-8 have comparable survival with infants exposed to HIV-1 alone. Infants born to mothers infected only with HHV-8 have comparable survival with uninfected infants.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="EN"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">9200608</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">2299</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev</journal-id>
<journal-title>Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1055-9965</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1538-7755</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">18768489</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2892478</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0254</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS210905</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Mortality among HIV-1– and Human Herpesvirus Type 8–Affected Mother-Infant Pairs in Zambia</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wojcicki</surname>
<given-names>Janet</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mwanahamuntu</surname>
<given-names>Mulindi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Minhas</surname>
<given-names>Veenu</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Djokic</surname>
<given-names>Boris</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kankasa</surname>
<given-names>Chipepo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Klaskala</surname>
<given-names>Winslow</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brayfield</surname>
<given-names>Brad</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Phiri</surname>
<given-names>Saul</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wood</surname>
<given-names>Charles</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mitchell</surname>
<given-names>Charles D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1"><label>1</label>
University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>2</label>
University Teaching Hospital, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>3</label>
University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida</aff>
<aff id="A4"><label>4</label>
Nebraska Center for Virology and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><bold>Requests for reprints:</bold>
Janet Wojcicki, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94134-0136. Phone: 415-476-2380; Fax: 415-476-1343. <email>jwojcicki@peds.ucsf.edu</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>8</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>9</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>25</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<issue>9</issue>
<fpage>2238</fpage>
<lpage>2243</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2008 American Association for Cancer Research.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2008</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="S1"><title>Objective</title>
<p id="P1">To determine the respective trends in mortality of Zambian mother-infant pairs based on maternal infection with HIV-1 and human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8).</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="methods" id="S2"><title>Methods</title>
<p id="P2">A prospective cohort study was done on Zambian mother-infant pairs, stratified by maternal serologic status and followed from 6 weeks postdelivery for 48 months. Statistical analysis of the differences in the calculated mortality rates among the four groups was done using Stata 7.0. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models were used to measure subject survival time.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3"><title>Results</title>
<p id="P3">Between September 1998 and March 2002, a total of 1,425 mother-infant pairs were enrolled. The crude mortality rate among children born to dually infected mothers was ~9 times higher (245.90 deaths per 1,000 live births) when compared with the death ratio of children born to seronegative mothers (24.63 deaths per 1,000 live births). The incidence rate for death was 0.34/1,000 in infants of co-infected mothers in comparison with 0.32/1,000 among HIV-1–infected mothers, 0.0336/1,000 among uninfected mothers, and 0.0403/1,000 among HHV-8–infected mothers (χ<sup>2</sup>
= 154.56; <italic>P</italic>
< 0.01). Infants of co-infected mothers had a comparable risk of death in comparison with infants infected with HIV-1 alone {hazard ratio, 9.91 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 5.08–19.37] for co-infected versus 9.26 [95% CI, 4.75–18.07] for HIV-1–infected alone}. Infants of mothers infected only with HHV-8 also had comparable survival in comparison with uninfected infants (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.56–2.61).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p id="P4">Infants born to mothers dually infected with both HIV-1 and HHV-8 have comparable survival with infants exposed to HIV-1 alone. Infants born to mothers infected only with HHV-8 have comparable survival with uninfected infants.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<contract-num rid="AI1">T32 AI060547-07
||AI</contract-num>
<contract-num rid="AI1">T32 AI060547-06
||AI</contract-num>
<contract-num rid="CA1">R01 CA075903-10
||CA</contract-num>
<contract-num rid="CA1">R01 CA075903-09
||CA</contract-num>
<contract-num rid="CA1">R01 CA075903-08
||CA</contract-num>
<contract-num rid="RR1">P20 RR015635-09
||RR</contract-num>
<contract-num rid="RR1">P20 RR015635-08
||RR</contract-num>
<contract-num rid="TW1">D43 TW001429-09
||TW</contract-num>
<contract-num rid="TW1">D43 TW001429-08
||TW</contract-num>
<contract-sponsor id="AI1">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Extramural Activities : NIAID</contract-sponsor>
<contract-sponsor id="CA1">National Cancer Institute : NCI</contract-sponsor>
<contract-sponsor id="RR1">National Center for Research Resources : NCRR</contract-sponsor>
<contract-sponsor id="TW1">Fogarty International Center : FIC</contract-sponsor>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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