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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">High Prevalence of Affective Disorders among Adolescents Living in Rural Zimbabwe</title><author><name sortKey="Langhaug, Lisa F" sort="Langhaug, Lisa F" uniqKey="Langhaug L" first="Lisa F." last="Langhaug">Lisa F. Langhaug</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pascoe, Sophie J" sort="Pascoe, Sophie J" uniqKey="Pascoe S" first="Sophie J." last="Pascoe">Sophie J. Pascoe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mavhu, Webster" sort="Mavhu, Webster" uniqKey="Mavhu W" first="Webster" last="Mavhu">Webster Mavhu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Woelk, Godfrey" sort="Woelk, Godfrey" uniqKey="Woelk G" first="Godfrey" last="Woelk">Godfrey Woelk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sherr, Lorraine" sort="Sherr, Lorraine" uniqKey="Sherr L" first="Lorraine" last="Sherr">Lorraine Sherr</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hayes, Richard J" sort="Hayes, Richard J" uniqKey="Hayes R" first="Richard J." last="Hayes">Richard J. Hayes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cowan, Frances M" sort="Cowan, Frances M" uniqKey="Cowan F" first="Frances M." last="Cowan">Frances M. Cowan</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">20571897</idno><idno type="pmc">2927984</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2927984</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2927984</idno><idno type="doi">10.1007/s10900-010-9261-6</idno><date when="2010">2010</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001044</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001044</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">High Prevalence of Affective Disorders among Adolescents Living in Rural Zimbabwe</title><author><name sortKey="Langhaug, Lisa F" sort="Langhaug, Lisa F" uniqKey="Langhaug L" first="Lisa F." last="Langhaug">Lisa F. Langhaug</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pascoe, Sophie J" sort="Pascoe, Sophie J" uniqKey="Pascoe S" first="Sophie J." last="Pascoe">Sophie J. Pascoe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mavhu, Webster" sort="Mavhu, Webster" uniqKey="Mavhu W" first="Webster" last="Mavhu">Webster Mavhu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Woelk, Godfrey" sort="Woelk, Godfrey" uniqKey="Woelk G" first="Godfrey" last="Woelk">Godfrey Woelk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sherr, Lorraine" sort="Sherr, Lorraine" uniqKey="Sherr L" first="Lorraine" last="Sherr">Lorraine Sherr</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hayes, Richard J" sort="Hayes, Richard J" uniqKey="Hayes R" first="Richard J." last="Hayes">Richard J. Hayes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cowan, Frances M" sort="Cowan, Frances M" uniqKey="Cowan F" first="Frances M." last="Cowan">Frances M. Cowan</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of community health</title><idno type="ISSN">0094-5145</idno><idno type="eISSN">1573-3610</idno><imprint><date when="2010">2010</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Poor mental health accounts for considerable disease burden among young people globally. We investigated the prevalence and determinants of affective disorders among rural Zimbabwean youth in 2006. We undertook a cross-sectional survey among 1495 Zimbabwean youth aged 15–23 (median 18) from 12 rural communities in three provinces in south-eastern Zimbabwe. Mental health was assessed using the Shona Symptom Questionnaire (SSQ), a locally validated 14-item indigenous screening tool for affective disorders, notably depression and anxiety disorders. Participants scoring ≥8/14 were considered at risk of being affected and ≥11 as at risk of being severely affected. Most participants (93.1%) completed the SSQ. Of these, 51.7% (95%CI:49.0–54.3%) scored ≥8/14 and 23.8% (95%CI:21.5–26.0%) scored ≥11. Affective disorders were independently associated with household poverty (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.9, 95%CI:1.4–2.7), living in a female-headed household (AOR 1.3, 95%CI:1.0–1.7), having moved home within last 5 years (AOR 1.4, 95%CI:1.0–1.9) and feeling stigmatized (AOR being shunned by others 3.7, 95%CI:2.5–5.7). There was a strong linear association between risk of affective disorders and sexual risk taking (ever sex AOR 1.5, 95%CI:1.0–2.4, and 2.8, 95%CI:1.9–4.2 for affected and severely affected, respectively, test for trend <italic>P</italic> < 0.001; ≥2 lifetime partners AOR 2.3, 95%CI:1.1–4.8 and 5.4, 95%CI:2.7–10.7, test for trend <italic>P</italic> < 0.001). This study indicates high levels of psychological morbidity among rural Zimbabwean youth which was associated with sexual risk taking. Interventions to prevent, identify and treat mental health disorders in this vulnerable population are urgently required. In HIV-endemic countries, such interventions may also help reduce HIV transmission.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="EN"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">7600747</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">4666</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Community Health</journal-id><journal-title>Journal of community health</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0094-5145</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1573-3610</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">20571897</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2927984</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10900-010-9261-6</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS222962</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>High Prevalence of Affective Disorders among Adolescents Living in Rural Zimbabwe</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Langhaug</surname><given-names>Lisa F.</given-names></name><aff id="A1">Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, off Capper Street, London WC1E 6JB, UK</aff><email>lisa.langhaug@gmail.com</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pascoe</surname><given-names>Sophie J.</given-names></name><aff id="A2">MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom</aff></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mavhu</surname><given-names>Webster</given-names></name><aff id="A3">Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box A1679, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe</aff></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Woelk</surname><given-names>Godfrey</given-names></name><aff id="A4">Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box A1679, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe</aff></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sherr</surname><given-names>Lorraine</given-names></name><aff id="A5">Department of Infection and Population Health, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Upper Third Floor, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom</aff></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hayes</surname><given-names>Richard J.</given-names></name><aff id="A6">MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom</aff></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cowan</surname><given-names>Frances M.</given-names></name><aff id="A7">Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, off Capper Street, London WC1E 6JB, UK</aff></contrib></contrib-group><author-notes><fn id="FN1" fn-type="equal"><p>The author Lisa Langhaug and Sophie Pascoe contributed equally to the authorship of this paper and are sharing first authorship jointly.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>16</day><month>8</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>8</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>1</day><month>8</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>35</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>355</fpage><lpage>364</lpage><abstract><p id="P1">Poor mental health accounts for considerable disease burden among young people globally. We investigated the prevalence and determinants of affective disorders among rural Zimbabwean youth in 2006. We undertook a cross-sectional survey among 1495 Zimbabwean youth aged 15–23 (median 18) from 12 rural communities in three provinces in south-eastern Zimbabwe. Mental health was assessed using the Shona Symptom Questionnaire (SSQ), a locally validated 14-item indigenous screening tool for affective disorders, notably depression and anxiety disorders. Participants scoring ≥8/14 were considered at risk of being affected and ≥11 as at risk of being severely affected. Most participants (93.1%) completed the SSQ. Of these, 51.7% (95%CI:49.0–54.3%) scored ≥8/14 and 23.8% (95%CI:21.5–26.0%) scored ≥11. Affective disorders were independently associated with household poverty (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.9, 95%CI:1.4–2.7), living in a female-headed household (AOR 1.3, 95%CI:1.0–1.7), having moved home within last 5 years (AOR 1.4, 95%CI:1.0–1.9) and feeling stigmatized (AOR being shunned by others 3.7, 95%CI:2.5–5.7). There was a strong linear association between risk of affective disorders and sexual risk taking (ever sex AOR 1.5, 95%CI:1.0–2.4, and 2.8, 95%CI:1.9–4.2 for affected and severely affected, respectively, test for trend <italic>P</italic> < 0.001; ≥2 lifetime partners AOR 2.3, 95%CI:1.1–4.8 and 5.4, 95%CI:2.7–10.7, test for trend <italic>P</italic> < 0.001). This study indicates high levels of psychological morbidity among rural Zimbabwean youth which was associated with sexual risk taking. Interventions to prevent, identify and treat mental health disorders in this vulnerable population are urgently required. In HIV-endemic countries, such interventions may also help reduce HIV transmission.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Adolescence</kwd><kwd>Mental health</kwd><kwd>Sexual behavior</kwd><kwd>HIV seroprevalence</kwd><kwd>Zimbabwe</kwd></kwd-group><contract-num rid="MH1">R01 MH066570-01
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