A Systematic Review of African Studies on Intimate Partner Violence against Pregnant Women: Prevalence and Risk Factors
Identifieur interne : 002384 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 002383; suivant : 002385A Systematic Review of African Studies on Intimate Partner Violence against Pregnant Women: Prevalence and Risk Factors
Auteurs : Simukai Shamu [Afrique du Sud] ; Naeemah Abrahams [Afrique du Sud] ; Marleen Temmerman [Belgique] ; Alfred Musekiwa [Afrique du Sud] ; Christina Zarowsky [Afrique du Sud]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is very high in Africa. However, information obtained from the increasing number of African studies on IPV among pregnant women has not been scientifically analyzed. This paper presents a systematic review summing up the evidence from African studies on IPV prevalence and risk factors among pregnant women.
A key-word defined search of various electronic databases, specific journals and reference lists on IPV prevalence and risk factors during pregnancy resulted in 19 peer-reviewed journal articles which matched our inclusion criteria. Quantitative articles about pregnant women from Africa published in English between 2000 and 2010 were reviewed. At least two reviewers assessed each paper for quality and content. We conducted meta-analysis of prevalence data and reported odds ratios of risk factors.
The prevalence of IPV during pregnancy ranges from 2% to 57% (n = 13 studies) with meta-analysis yielding an overall prevalence of 15.23% (95% CI: 14.38 to 16.08%). After adjustment for known confounders, five studies retained significant associations between HIV and IPV during pregnancy (OR1.48–3.10). Five studies demonstrated strong evidence that a history of violence is significantly associated with IPV in pregnancy and alcohol abuse by a partner also increases a woman's chances of being abused during pregnancy (OR 2.89–11.60). Other risk factors include risky sexual behaviours, low socioeconomic status and young age.
The prevalence of IPV among pregnant women in Africa is one of the highest reported globally. The major risk factors included HIV infection, history of violence and alcohol and drug use. This evidence points to the importance of further research to both better understand IPV during pregnancy and feed into interventions in reproductive health services to prevent and minimize the impact of such violence.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017591
PubMed: 21408120
PubMed Central: 3050907
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A Systematic Review of African Studies on Intimate Partner Violence against Pregnant Women: Prevalence and Risk Factors</title><author><name sortKey="Shamu, Simukai" sort="Shamu, Simukai" uniqKey="Shamu S" first="Simukai" last="Shamu">Simukai Shamu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abrahams, Naeemah" sort="Abrahams, Naeemah" uniqKey="Abrahams N" first="Naeemah" last="Abrahams">Naeemah Abrahams</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Gender and Health Unit, Medical Research Council Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Gender and Health Unit, Medical Research Council Cape Town, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Temmerman, Marleen" sort="Temmerman, Marleen" uniqKey="Temmerman M" first="Marleen" last="Temmerman">Marleen Temmerman</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>International Centre for Reproductive Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>International Centre for Reproductive Health, Ghent University, Ghent</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement><region>Région flamande</region><region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Musekiwa, Alfred" sort="Musekiwa, Alfred" uniqKey="Musekiwa A" first="Alfred" last="Musekiwa">Alfred Musekiwa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zarowsky, Christina" sort="Zarowsky, Christina" uniqKey="Zarowsky C" first="Christina" last="Zarowsky">Christina Zarowsky</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape 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Factors</title><author><name sortKey="Shamu, Simukai" sort="Shamu, Simukai" uniqKey="Shamu S" first="Simukai" last="Shamu">Simukai Shamu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abrahams, Naeemah" sort="Abrahams, Naeemah" uniqKey="Abrahams N" first="Naeemah" last="Abrahams">Naeemah Abrahams</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Gender and Health Unit, Medical Research Council Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Gender and Health Unit, Medical Research Council Cape Town, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Temmerman, Marleen" sort="Temmerman, Marleen" uniqKey="Temmerman M" first="Marleen" last="Temmerman">Marleen Temmerman</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>International Centre for Reproductive Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>International Centre for Reproductive Health, Ghent University, Ghent</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement><region>Région flamande</region><region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Musekiwa, Alfred" sort="Musekiwa, Alfred" uniqKey="Musekiwa A" first="Alfred" last="Musekiwa">Alfred Musekiwa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zarowsky, Christina" sort="Zarowsky, Christina" uniqKey="Zarowsky C" first="Christina" last="Zarowsky">Christina Zarowsky</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Intimate partner violence (IPV) is very high in Africa. However, information obtained from the increasing number of African studies on IPV among pregnant women has not been scientifically analyzed. This paper presents a systematic review summing up the evidence from African studies on IPV prevalence and risk factors among pregnant women.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A key-word defined search of various electronic databases, specific journals and reference lists on IPV prevalence and risk factors during pregnancy resulted in 19 peer-reviewed journal articles which matched our inclusion criteria. Quantitative articles about pregnant women from Africa published in English between 2000 and 2010 were reviewed. At least two reviewers assessed each paper for quality and content. We conducted meta-analysis of prevalence data and reported odds ratios of risk factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The prevalence of IPV during pregnancy ranges from 2% to 57% (n = 13 studies) with meta-analysis yielding an overall prevalence of 15.23% (95% CI: 14.38 to 16.08%). After adjustment for known confounders, five studies retained significant associations between HIV and IPV during pregnancy (OR1.48–3.10). Five studies demonstrated strong evidence that a history of violence is significantly associated with IPV in pregnancy and alcohol abuse by a partner also increases a woman's chances of being abused during pregnancy (OR 2.89–11.60). Other risk factors include risky sexual behaviours, low socioeconomic status and young age.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The prevalence of IPV among pregnant women in Africa is one of the highest reported globally. The major risk factors included HIV infection, history of violence and alcohol and drug use. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21408120</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3050907</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-10-05139</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0017591</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Clinical Research Design</subject><subj-group><subject>Meta-Analyses</subject><subject>Systematic Reviews</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Non-Clinical Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Health Care Policy</subject><subj-group><subject>Health Risk Analysis</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Obstetrics and Gynecology</subject><subj-group><subject>Pregnancy</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Public Health</subject><subj-group><subject>Behavioral and Social Aspects of Health</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Women's Health</subject><subj-group><subject>Rape and Sexual Assault</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Social and Behavioral Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Sociology</subject><subj-group><subject>Crime and Criminology</subject><subj-group><subject>Domestic Violence</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>A Systematic Review of African Studies on Intimate Partner Violence against Pregnant Women: Prevalence and Risk Factors</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy in Africa</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shamu</surname><given-names>Simukai</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Abrahams</surname><given-names>Naeemah</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Temmerman</surname><given-names>Marleen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Musekiwa</surname><given-names>Alfred</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zarowsky</surname><given-names>Christina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><addr-line>School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><addr-line>Gender and Health Unit, Medical Research Council Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><addr-line>International Centre for Reproductive Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label><addr-line>Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Vitzthum</surname><given-names>Virginia</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1">Indiana University, United States of America</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>shamuts@yahoo.com</email></corresp><fn fn-type="con"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: SS. Performed the experiments: SS AM. Analyzed the data: SS NA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SS NA CZ MT AM. Wrote the manuscript: SS CZ MT NA AM.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>8</day><month>3</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>3</issue><elocation-id>e17591</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2010</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>28</day><month>1</month><year>2011</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Shamu et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</copyright-statement></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>Intimate partner violence (IPV) is very high in Africa. However, information obtained from the increasing number of African studies on IPV among pregnant women has not been scientifically analyzed. This paper presents a systematic review summing up the evidence from African studies on IPV prevalence and risk factors among pregnant women.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A key-word defined search of various electronic databases, specific journals and reference lists on IPV prevalence and risk factors during pregnancy resulted in 19 peer-reviewed journal articles which matched our inclusion criteria. Quantitative articles about pregnant women from Africa published in English between 2000 and 2010 were reviewed. At least two reviewers assessed each paper for quality and content. We conducted meta-analysis of prevalence data and reported odds ratios of risk factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The prevalence of IPV during pregnancy ranges from 2% to 57% (n = 13 studies) with meta-analysis yielding an overall prevalence of 15.23% (95% CI: 14.38 to 16.08%). After adjustment for known confounders, five studies retained significant associations between HIV and IPV during pregnancy (OR1.48–3.10). Five studies demonstrated strong evidence that a history of violence is significantly associated with IPV in pregnancy and alcohol abuse by a partner also increases a woman's chances of being abused during pregnancy (OR 2.89–11.60). Other risk factors include risky sexual behaviours, low socioeconomic status and young age.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The prevalence of IPV among pregnant women in Africa is one of the highest reported globally. The major risk factors included HIV infection, history of violence and alcohol and drug use. This evidence points to the importance of further research to both better understand IPV during pregnancy and feed into interventions in reproductive health services to prevent and minimize the impact of such violence.</p></sec></abstract><counts><page-count count="9"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li><li>Belgique</li></country><region><li>Province de Flandre-Orientale</li><li>Région flamande</li></region><settlement><li>Gand</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Gand</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Afrique du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Shamu, Simukai" sort="Shamu, Simukai" uniqKey="Shamu S" first="Simukai" last="Shamu">Simukai Shamu</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Abrahams, Naeemah" sort="Abrahams, Naeemah" uniqKey="Abrahams N" first="Naeemah" last="Abrahams">Naeemah Abrahams</name><name sortKey="Musekiwa, Alfred" sort="Musekiwa, Alfred" uniqKey="Musekiwa A" first="Alfred" last="Musekiwa">Alfred Musekiwa</name><name sortKey="Zarowsky, Christina" sort="Zarowsky, Christina" uniqKey="Zarowsky C" first="Christina" last="Zarowsky">Christina Zarowsky</name></country><country name="Belgique"><region name="Région flamande"><name sortKey="Temmerman, Marleen" sort="Temmerman, Marleen" uniqKey="Temmerman M" first="Marleen" last="Temmerman">Marleen Temmerman</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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