Scaling up impact of malaria control programmes: a tale of events in Sub-Saharan Africa and People’s Republic of China
Identifieur interne : 001C62 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001C61; suivant : 001C63Scaling up impact of malaria control programmes: a tale of events in Sub-Saharan Africa and People’s Republic of China
Auteurs : Ernest Tambo [République populaire de Chine] ; Ahmed Adebowale Adedeji [Ouganda] ; Fang Huang [République populaire de Chine] ; Jun-Hu Chen [République populaire de Chine] ; Shui-Sen Zhou [République populaire de Chine] ; Ling-Hua Tang [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Infectious Diseases of Poverty [ 2049-9957 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
This review aims at providing synthetic information with scientific evidence on the trends in the malaria events from 1960 to 2011, with the hope that it will help policy makers to take informed decisions on public health issues and intervention designs on malaria control towards elimination in both Sub-Sahara Africa and in the People’s Republic of China by highlighting the achievements, progress and challenges in research on moving malaria from epidemic status towards elimination. Our findings showed that since 1960, malaria control programmes in most countries have been disjointed and not harmonized. Interestingly, during the last decade, the causal factors of the unprecedented and substantial decline in malaria morbidity and mortality rates in most vulnerable groups in these endemic areas are multifaceted, including not only the spread of malaria and its related effects but also political and financial willingness, commitment and funding by governments and international donors. The benefits of scaling up the impact of malaria coverage interventions, improvement of health system approaches and sustained commitment of stakeholders are highlighted, although considerable efforts are still necessary in Sub-Sahara Africa. Furthermore, novel integrated control strategies aiming at moving malaria from epidemic status to control towards elimination, require solid research priorities both for sustainability of the most efficient existing tools and intervention coverage, and in gaining more insights in the understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, vector dynamics, and socioeconomic aspects of the disease. In conclusion, political commitment and financial investment of stakeholders in sustaining the scaling up impact of malaria control interventions, networking between African and Chinese scientists, and their Western partners are urgently needed in upholding the recent gains, and in translating lessons learnt from the Chinese malaria control achievements and successes into practical interventions in malaria endemic countries in Africa and elsewhere.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/2049-9957-1-7
PubMed: 23849299
PubMed Central: 3710198
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
PMC:3710198Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Scaling up impact of malaria control programmes: a tale of events in Sub-Saharan Africa and People’s Republic of China</title><author><name sortKey="Tambo, Ernest" sort="Tambo, Ernest" uniqKey="Tambo E" first="Ernest" last="Tambo">Ernest Tambo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre on Malaria, Schisostomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre on Malaria, Schisostomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>200025</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I2">School of Medicine & Pharmacy, Houdegbe North American University PK10, Route de Porto-Novo, 06 BP 2080, Cotonou, République du Bénin</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">République du Bénin</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adedeji, Ahmed Adebowale" sort="Adedeji, Ahmed Adebowale" uniqKey="Adedeji A" first="Ahmed Adebowale" last="Adedeji">Ahmed Adebowale Adedeji</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kampala International University Western Campus, P.O.Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kampala International University Western Campus, P.O.Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bushenyi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Fang" sort="Huang, Fang" uniqKey="Huang F" first="Fang" last="Huang">Fang Huang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre on Malaria, Schisostomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre on Malaria, Schisostomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>200025</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Jun Hu" sort="Chen, Jun Hu" uniqKey="Chen J" first="Jun-Hu" last="Chen">Jun-Hu Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre on Malaria, Schisostomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre on Malaria, Schisostomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>200025</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Shui Sen" sort="Zhou, Shui Sen" uniqKey="Zhou S" first="Shui-Sen" last="Zhou">Shui-Sen Zhou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre on Malaria, Schisostomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre on Malaria, Schisostomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>200025</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Ling Hua" sort="Tang, Ling Hua" uniqKey="Tang L" first="Ling-Hua" last="Tang">Ling-Hua Tang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre on Malaria, Schisostomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre on Malaria, Schisostomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>200025</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">23849299</idno><idno type="pmc">3710198</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3710198</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3710198</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/2049-9957-1-7</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001408</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001408</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001407</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001407</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001C62</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001C62</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Scaling up impact of malaria control programmes: a tale of events in Sub-Saharan Africa and People’s Republic of China</title><author><name sortKey="Tambo, Ernest" sort="Tambo, Ernest" uniqKey="Tambo E" first="Ernest" last="Tambo">Ernest Tambo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre on Malaria, Schisostomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre on Malaria, Schisostomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>200025</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I2">School of Medicine & Pharmacy, Houdegbe North American University PK10, Route de Porto-Novo, 06 BP 2080, Cotonou, République du Bénin</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">République du Bénin</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adedeji, Ahmed Adebowale" sort="Adedeji, Ahmed Adebowale" uniqKey="Adedeji A" first="Ahmed Adebowale" last="Adedeji">Ahmed Adebowale Adedeji</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kampala International University Western Campus, P.O.Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kampala International University Western Campus, P.O.Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bushenyi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Fang" sort="Huang, Fang" uniqKey="Huang F" first="Fang" last="Huang">Fang Huang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre on Malaria, Schisostomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre on Malaria, Schisostomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>200025</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Jun Hu" sort="Chen, Jun Hu" uniqKey="Chen J" first="Jun-Hu" last="Chen">Jun-Hu Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre on Malaria, Schisostomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre on Malaria, Schisostomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>200025</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Shui Sen" sort="Zhou, Shui Sen" uniqKey="Zhou S" first="Shui-Sen" last="Zhou">Shui-Sen Zhou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre on Malaria, Schisostomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre on Malaria, Schisostomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>200025</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Ling Hua" sort="Tang, Ling Hua" uniqKey="Tang L" first="Ling-Hua" last="Tang">Ling-Hua Tang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre on Malaria, Schisostomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre on Malaria, Schisostomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>200025</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Infectious Diseases of Poverty</title><idno type="eISSN">2049-9957</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>This review aims at providing synthetic information with scientific evidence on the trends in the malaria events from 1960 to 2011, with the hope that it will help policy makers to take informed decisions on public health issues and intervention designs on malaria control towards elimination in both Sub-Sahara Africa and in the People’s Republic of China by highlighting the achievements, progress and challenges in research on moving malaria from epidemic status towards elimination. Our findings showed that since 1960, malaria control programmes in most countries have been disjointed and not harmonized. Interestingly, during the last decade, the causal factors of the unprecedented and substantial decline in malaria morbidity and mortality rates in most vulnerable groups in these endemic areas are multifaceted, including not only the spread of malaria and its related effects but also political and financial willingness, commitment and funding by governments and international donors. The benefits of scaling up the impact of malaria coverage interventions, improvement of health system approaches and sustained commitment of stakeholders are highlighted, although considerable efforts are still necessary in Sub-Sahara Africa. Furthermore, novel integrated control strategies aiming at moving malaria from epidemic status to control towards elimination, require solid research priorities both for sustainability of the most efficient existing tools and intervention coverage, and in gaining more insights in the understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, vector dynamics, and socioeconomic aspects of the disease. In conclusion, political commitment and financial investment of stakeholders in sustaining the scaling up impact of malaria control interventions, networking between African and Chinese scientists, and their Western partners are urgently needed in upholding the recent gains, and in translating lessons learnt from the Chinese malaria control achievements and successes into practical interventions in malaria endemic countries in Africa and elsewhere.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eisele, Tp" uniqKey="Eisele T">TP Eisele</name></author><author><name sortKey="Larsen, Da" uniqKey="Larsen D">DA Larsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Walker, N" uniqKey="Walker N">N Walker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cibulskis, Re" uniqKey="Cibulskis R">RE Cibulskis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yukich, Jo" uniqKey="Yukich J">JO Yukich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zikusooka, Cm" uniqKey="Zikusooka C">CM Zikusooka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Steketee, Rw" uniqKey="Steketee R">RW Steketee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bruce Chwatt, Lj" uniqKey="Bruce Chwatt L">LJ Bruce-Chwatt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Black, Rh" uniqKey="Black R">RH Black</name></author><author><name sortKey="Candfield, Cj" uniqKey="Candfield C">CJ Candfield</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clyde, Df" uniqKey="Clyde D">DF Clyde</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, W" uniqKey="Peters W">W Peters</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wernsdorfer, Wh" uniqKey="Wernsdorfer W">WH Wernsdorfer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breman, Jg" uniqKey="Breman J">JG Breman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Zj" uniqKey="Zhou Z">ZJ Zhou</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Snow Robert, W" uniqKey="Snow Robert W">W Snow Robert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Trape, J F" uniqKey="Trape J">J-F Trape</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marsh, K" uniqKey="Marsh K">K Marsh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Ss" uniqKey="Zhou S">SS Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Y" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Y" uniqKey="Li Y">Y Li</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kondrachine, Av" uniqKey="Kondrachine A">AV Kondrachine</name></author><author><name sortKey="Trigg, Pi" uniqKey="Trigg P">PI Trigg’s</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breman, Jg" uniqKey="Breman J">JG Breman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liu, X" uniqKey="Liu X">X Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cao, H" uniqKey="Cao H">H Cao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Greenwood, Bm" uniqKey="Greenwood B">BM Greenwood</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Steketee Richard, W" uniqKey="Steketee Richard W">W Steketee Richard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell Carlos, C" uniqKey="Campbell Carlos C">C Campbell Carlos</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Feachem, Rg" uniqKey="Feachem R">RG Feachem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phillips, Aa" uniqKey="Phillips A">AA Phillips</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hwang, J" uniqKey="Hwang J">J Hwang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cotter, C" uniqKey="Cotter C">C Cotter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wielgosz, B" uniqKey="Wielgosz B">B Wielgosz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greenwood, Bm" uniqKey="Greenwood B">BM Greenwood</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Flaxman, Ad" uniqKey="Flaxman A">AD Flaxman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fullman, N" uniqKey="Fullman N">N Fullman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Otten, Mw" uniqKey="Otten M">MW Otten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Menon, M" uniqKey="Menon M">M Menon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cibulskis, Re" uniqKey="Cibulskis R">RE Cibulskis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marie, N" uniqKey="Marie N">N Marie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Christopher Jl, M" uniqKey="Christopher Jl M">M Christopher JL</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, Ss" uniqKey="Lim S">SS Lim</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bloland, Pb" uniqKey="Bloland P">PB Bloland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lackritz, Em" uniqKey="Lackritz E">EM Lackritz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kazembe, Pn" uniqKey="Kazembe P">PN Kazembe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Were, Jb" uniqKey="Were J">JB Were</name></author><author><name sortKey="Steketee, R" uniqKey="Steketee R">R Steketee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Cc" uniqKey="Campbell C">CC Campbell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jeffrey, S" uniqKey="Jeffrey S">S Jeffrey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Malaney, P" uniqKey="Malaney P">P Malaney</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bank, W" uniqKey="Bank W">W Bank</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Akachi, Y" uniqKey="Akachi Y">Y Akachi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Atun, R" uniqKey="Atun R">R Atun</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tang, Lh" uniqKey="Tang L">LH Tang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ndugwa Robert, P" uniqKey="Ndugwa Robert P">P Ndugwa Robert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heribert, R" uniqKey="Heribert R">R Heribert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olaf, M" uniqKey="Olaf M">M Olaf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Momodou, J" uniqKey="Momodou J">J Momodou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, S" uniqKey="Ali S">S Ali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bocar, K" uniqKey="Bocar K">K Bocar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brian, G" uniqKey="Brian G">G Brian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heiko, B" uniqKey="Heiko B">B Heiko</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rowe, Ak" uniqKey="Rowe A">AK Rowe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Steketee, Rw" uniqKey="Steketee R">RW Steketee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barnes, Ki" uniqKey="Barnes K">KI Barnes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chanda, P" uniqKey="Chanda P">P Chanda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ab Barnabas, G" uniqKey="Ab Barnabas G">G Ab Barnabas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Murray, Cj" uniqKey="Murray C">CJ Murray</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rosenfeld, Lc" uniqKey="Rosenfeld L">LC Rosenfeld</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, Ss" uniqKey="Lim S">SS Lim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Andrews, Kg" uniqKey="Andrews K">KG Andrews</name></author><author><name sortKey="Foreman, Kj" uniqKey="Foreman K">KJ Foreman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haring, D" uniqKey="Haring D">D Haring</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fullman, N" uniqKey="Fullman N">N Fullman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naghavi, M" uniqKey="Naghavi M">M Naghavi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lozano, R" uniqKey="Lozano R">R Lozano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez, Ad" uniqKey="Lopez A">AD Lopez</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yip, W" uniqKey="Yip W">W Yip</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, H" uniqKey="Wang H">H Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hsiao, W" uniqKey="Hsiao W">W Hsiao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gallup, J" uniqKey="Gallup J">J Gallup</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sachs, J" uniqKey="Sachs J">J Sachs</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Black, Re" uniqKey="Black R">RE Black</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cousens, S" uniqKey="Cousens S">S Cousens</name></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Hl" uniqKey="Johnson H">HL Johnson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lawn, Je" uniqKey="Lawn J">JE Lawn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rudan, I" uniqKey="Rudan I">I Rudan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bassani, Dg" uniqKey="Bassani D">DG Bassani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jha, P" uniqKey="Jha P">P Jha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, H" uniqKey="Campbell H">H Campbell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Walker, Cf" uniqKey="Walker C">CF Walker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cibulskis, R" uniqKey="Cibulskis R">R Cibulskis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eisele, T" uniqKey="Eisele T">T Eisele</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, L" uniqKey="Liu L">L Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mathers, C" uniqKey="Mathers C">C Mathers</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="O Meara, Wp" uniqKey="O Meara W">WP O'Meara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mangeni, Jn" uniqKey="Mangeni J">JN Mangeni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Steketee, Rw" uniqKey="Steketee R">RW Steketee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greenwood, B" uniqKey="Greenwood B">B Greenwood</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kleinschmidt, I" uniqKey="Kleinschmidt I">I Kleinschmidt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schwabe, C" uniqKey="Schwabe C">C Schwabe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benavente, L" uniqKey="Benavente L">L Benavente</name></author><author><name sortKey="Torrez, M" uniqKey="Torrez M">M Torrez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ridl, Fc" uniqKey="Ridl F">FC Ridl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Segura, Jl" uniqKey="Segura J">JL Segura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ehmer, P" uniqKey="Ehmer P">P Ehmer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nchama, Gn" uniqKey="Nchama G">GN Nchama</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liu, J" uniqKey="Liu J">J Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, B" uniqKey="Yang B">B Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cheung, W" uniqKey="Cheung W">W Cheung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Gj" uniqKey="Yang G">GJ Yang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Snow, Rw" uniqKey="Snow R">RW Snow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Craig, Mh" uniqKey="Craig M">MH Craig</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deichmann, U" uniqKey="Deichmann U">U Deichmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Le Sueur, D" uniqKey="Le Sueur D">D le Sueur</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smith, Dl" uniqKey="Smith D">DL Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hay, Si" uniqKey="Hay S">SI Hay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Noor, Am" uniqKey="Noor A">AM Noor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Snow, Rw" uniqKey="Snow R">RW Snow</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sharp, Bl" uniqKey="Sharp B">BL Sharp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kleinschmidt, I" uniqKey="Kleinschmidt I">I Kleinschmidt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Streat, E" uniqKey="Streat E">E Streat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maharaj, R" uniqKey="Maharaj R">R Maharaj</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barnes, Ki" uniqKey="Barnes K">KI Barnes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Durrheim, Dn" uniqKey="Durrheim D">DN Durrheim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ridl, Fc" uniqKey="Ridl F">FC Ridl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, N" uniqKey="Morris N">N Morris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seocharan, I" uniqKey="Seocharan I">I Seocharan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kunene, S" uniqKey="Kunene S">S Kunene</name></author><author><name sortKey="La Grange, Jj" uniqKey="La Grange J">JJ La Grange</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mthembu, Jd" uniqKey="Mthembu J">JD Mthembu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maartens, F" uniqKey="Maartens F">F Maartens</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Cl" uniqKey="Martin C">CL Martin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barreto, A" uniqKey="Barreto A">A Barreto</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cibulskis, Re" uniqKey="Cibulskis R">RE Cibulskis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aregawi, M" uniqKey="Aregawi M">M Aregawi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, R" uniqKey="Williams R">R Williams</name></author><author><name sortKey="Otten, M" uniqKey="Otten M">M Otten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dye, C" uniqKey="Dye C">C Dye</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hay, Si" uniqKey="Hay S">SI Hay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guerra, Ca" uniqKey="Guerra C">CA Guerra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tatem, Aj" uniqKey="Tatem A">AJ Tatem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Noor, Am" uniqKey="Noor A">AM Noor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Snow, Rw" uniqKey="Snow R">RW Snow</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Griffin, Jt" uniqKey="Griffin J">JT Griffin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hollingsworth, Td" uniqKey="Hollingsworth T">TD Hollingsworth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Okell, Lc" uniqKey="Okell L">LC Okell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Churcher, Ts" uniqKey="Churcher T">TS Churcher</name></author><author><name sortKey="White, M" uniqKey="White M">M White</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wes, H" uniqKey="Wes H">H Wes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Teun, B" uniqKey="Teun B">B Teun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Drakeley, Cj" uniqKey="Drakeley C">CJ Drakeley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferguson, Nm" uniqKey="Ferguson N">NM Ferguson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maria Gloria, B" uniqKey="Maria Gloria B">B María-Gloria</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ghani, Ac" uniqKey="Ghani A">AC Ghani</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fang, H" uniqKey="Fang H">H Fang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shuisen, Z" uniqKey="Shuisen Z">Z Shuisen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shaosen, Z" uniqKey="Shaosen Z">Z Shaosen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hongwei, Z" uniqKey="Hongwei Z">Z Hongwei</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weidong, L" uniqKey="Weidong L">L Weidong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Ss" uniqKey="Zhou S">SS Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fang, H" uniqKey="Fang H">H Fang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Jj" uniqKey="Wang J">JJ Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Ss" uniqKey="Zhang S">SS Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Su, Yp" uniqKey="Su Y">YP Su</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Lh" uniqKey="Tang L">LH Tang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Okell, Lc" uniqKey="Okell L">LC Okell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lucy Smith, P" uniqKey="Lucy Smith P">P Lucy Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jayne, W" uniqKey="Jayne W">W Jayne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kara, H" uniqKey="Kara H">H Kara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jo, L" uniqKey="Jo L">L Jo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Partnership, Rbm" uniqKey="Partnership R">RBM Partnership</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Korenromp, El" uniqKey="Korenromp E">EL Korenromp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Bg" uniqKey="Williams B">BG Williams</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eleanor, G" uniqKey="Eleanor G">G Eleanor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Christopher, D" uniqKey="Christopher D">D Christopher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Snow, Rw" uniqKey="Snow R">RW Snow</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ceesay, Sj" uniqKey="Ceesay S">SJ Ceesay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bojang, Ka" uniqKey="Bojang K">KA Bojang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nwakanma, D" uniqKey="Nwakanma D">D Nwakanma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Conway, Dj" uniqKey="Conway D">DJ Conway</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koita, Oa" uniqKey="Koita O">OA Koita</name></author><author><name sortKey="Doumbia, So" uniqKey="Doumbia S">SO Doumbia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ndiaye, D" uniqKey="Ndiaye D">D Ndiaye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Coulibaly, Tf" uniqKey="Coulibaly T">TF Coulibaly</name></author><author><name sortKey="Diakite, M" uniqKey="Diakite M">M Diakité</name></author><author><name sortKey="Traore, Sf" uniqKey="Traore S">SF Traoré</name></author><author><name sortKey="Coulibaly, M" uniqKey="Coulibaly M">M Coulibaly</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ndiaye, Jl" uniqKey="Ndiaye J">JL Ndiaye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sarr, O" uniqKey="Sarr O">O Sarr</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gaye, O" uniqKey="Gaye O">O Gaye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Konate, L" uniqKey="Konate L">L Konaté</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sy, N" uniqKey="Sy N">N Sy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Faye, B" uniqKey="Faye B">B Faye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Faye, O" uniqKey="Faye O">O Faye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sogoba, N" uniqKey="Sogoba N">N Sogoba</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jawara, M" uniqKey="Jawara M">M Jawara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dao, A" uniqKey="Dao A">A Dao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poudiougou, B" uniqKey="Poudiougou B">B Poudiougou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Diawara, S" uniqKey="Diawara S">S Diawara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Okebe, J" uniqKey="Okebe J">J Okebe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sangare, L" uniqKey="Sangare L">L Sangaré</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abubakar, I" uniqKey="Abubakar I">I Abubakar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sissako, A" uniqKey="Sissako A">A Sissako</name></author><author><name sortKey="Diarra, A" uniqKey="Diarra A">A Diarra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Keita, M" uniqKey="Keita M">M Kéita</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kandeh, B" uniqKey="Kandeh B">B Kandeh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Long, Ca" uniqKey="Long C">CA Long</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fairhurst, Rm" uniqKey="Fairhurst R">RM Fairhurst</name></author><author><name sortKey="Duraisingh, M" uniqKey="Duraisingh M">M Duraisingh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perry, R" uniqKey="Perry R">R Perry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muskavitch, Ma" uniqKey="Muskavitch M">MA Muskavitch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Valim, C" uniqKey="Valim C">C Valim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Volkman, Sk" uniqKey="Volkman S">SK Volkman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wirth, Df" uniqKey="Wirth D">DF Wirth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Krogstad, Dj" uniqKey="Krogstad D">DJ Krogstad</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Snow, Rw" uniqKey="Snow R">RW Snow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Trape, J F" uniqKey="Trape J">J-F Trape</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marsh, K" uniqKey="Marsh K">K Marsh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tour, Yt" uniqKey="Tour Y">YT Tour′e</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oduola, Amj" uniqKey="Oduola A">AMJ Oduola</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morel, Cm" uniqKey="Morel C">CM Morel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sachs, G" uniqKey="Sachs G">G Sachs</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Najera, Ja" uniqKey="Najera J">JA Nájera</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Silva, M" uniqKey="Gonzalez Silva M">M González-Silva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alonso, Pl" uniqKey="Alonso P">PL Alonso</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Noor, Am" uniqKey="Noor A">AM Noor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mutheu, Jj" uniqKey="Mutheu J">JJ Mutheu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tatem, Aj" uniqKey="Tatem A">AJ Tatem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hay, Si" uniqKey="Hay S">SI Hay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Snow, Rw" uniqKey="Snow R">RW Snow</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Steketee, Rw" uniqKey="Steketee R">RW Steketee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eisele, Tp" uniqKey="Eisele T">TP Eisele</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Ss" uniqKey="Zhou S">SS Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Y" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fang, W" uniqKey="Fang W">W Fang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Lh" uniqKey="Tang L">LH Tang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yan, Z" uniqKey="Yan Z">Z Yan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qiyong, L" uniqKey="Qiyong L">L Qiyong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rongsheng, L" uniqKey="Rongsheng L">L Rongsheng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xiaobo, L" uniqKey="Xiaobo L">L Xiaobo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guangchao, Z" uniqKey="Guangchao Z">Z Guangchao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jingyi, J" uniqKey="Jingyi J">J Jingyi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hongsheng, L" uniqKey="Hongsheng L">L Hongsheng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhifang, L" uniqKey="Zhifang L">L Zhifang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Djimde, A" uniqKey="Djimde A">A Djimde</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ogbobara, K" uniqKey="Ogbobara K">K Ogbobara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Doumbo, Md" uniqKey="Doumbo M">MD Doumbo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cortese, Jf" uniqKey="Cortese J">JF Cortese</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kayentao, K" uniqKey="Kayentao K">K Kayentao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Doumbo, S" uniqKey="Doumbo S">S Doumbo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Diourte, Y" uniqKey="Diourte Y">Y Diourte</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dicko, A" uniqKey="Dicko A">A Dicko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Su, X" uniqKey="Su X">X Su</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nomura, T" uniqKey="Nomura T">T Nomura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fidock, Da" uniqKey="Fidock D">DA Fidock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wellems, T" uniqKey="Wellems T">T Wellems</name></author><author><name sortKey="Christopher, P" uniqKey="Christopher P">P Christopher</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gbotosho, Go" uniqKey="Gbotosho G">GO Gbotosho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sowunmi, A" uniqKey="Sowunmi A">A Sowunmi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Happi, Ct" uniqKey="Happi C">CT Happi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Okuboyejo, Tm" uniqKey="Okuboyejo T">TM Okuboyejo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sibley, Ch" uniqKey="Sibley C">CH Sibley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barnes, Ki" uniqKey="Barnes K">KI Barnes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Watkins, Wm" uniqKey="Watkins W">WM Watkins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Plowe, Cv" uniqKey="Plowe C">CV Plowe</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lourens, C" uniqKey="Lourens C">C Lourens</name></author><author><name sortKey="Watkins, Wm" uniqKey="Watkins W">WM Watkins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barnes, Ki" uniqKey="Barnes K">KI Barnes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sibley, Ch" uniqKey="Sibley C">CH Sibley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guerin, Pj" uniqKey="Guerin P">PJ Guerin</name></author><author><name sortKey="White, Nj" uniqKey="White N">NJ White</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lindegardh, N" uniqKey="Lindegardh N">N Lindegardh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Otten, M" uniqKey="Otten M">M Otten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aregawi, M" uniqKey="Aregawi M">M Aregawi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Were, W" uniqKey="Were W">W Were</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karema, C" uniqKey="Karema C">C Karema</name></author><author><name sortKey="Medin, A" uniqKey="Medin A">A Medin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bekele, W" uniqKey="Bekele W">W Bekele</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jima, D" uniqKey="Jima D">D Jima</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gausi, K" uniqKey="Gausi K">K Gausi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Komatsu, R" uniqKey="Komatsu R">R Komatsu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Korenromp, E" uniqKey="Korenromp E">E Korenromp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Low Beer, D" uniqKey="Low Beer D">D Low-Beer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grabowsky, M" uniqKey="Grabowsky M">M Grabowsky</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Webster, J" uniqKey="Webster J">J Webster</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kweku, M" uniqKey="Kweku M">M Kweku</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dedzo, M" uniqKey="Dedzo M">M Dedzo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tinkorang, K" uniqKey="Tinkorang K">K Tinkorang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bruce, J" uniqKey="Bruce J">J Bruce</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lines, J" uniqKey="Lines J">J Lines</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chandramohan, D" uniqKey="Chandramohan D">D Chandramohan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hanson, K" uniqKey="Hanson K">K Hanson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lengeler, C" uniqKey="Lengeler C">C Lengeler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sharp, B" uniqKey="Sharp B">B Sharp</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ter Kuile, Fo" uniqKey="Ter Kuile F">FO ter Kuile</name></author><author><name sortKey="Terlouw, Dj" uniqKey="Terlouw D">DJ Terlouw</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phillips Howard, Pa" uniqKey="Phillips Howard P">PA Phillips-Howard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hawley, Wa" uniqKey="Hawley W">WA Hawley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Friedman, Jf" uniqKey="Friedman J">JF Friedman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kolczak, Ms" uniqKey="Kolczak M">MS Kolczak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kariuki, Sk" uniqKey="Kariuki S">SK Kariuki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Yp" uniqKey="Shi Y">YP Shi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kwena, Am" uniqKey="Kwena A">AM Kwena</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vulule, Jm" uniqKey="Vulule J">JM Vulule</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nahlen, Bl" uniqKey="Nahlen B">BL Nahlen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Plowe, C" uniqKey="Plowe C">C Plowe</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Snow, Rw" uniqKey="Snow R">RW Snow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Amratia, P" uniqKey="Amratia P">P Amratia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kabaria, Cw" uniqKey="Kabaria C">CW Kabaria</name></author><author><name sortKey="Noor, Am" uniqKey="Noor A">AM Noor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marsh, K" uniqKey="Marsh K">K Marsh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Okell, Lc" uniqKey="Okell L">LC Okell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Drakeley, Cj" uniqKey="Drakeley C">CJ Drakeley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bousema, T" uniqKey="Bousema T">T Bousema</name></author><author><name sortKey="Whitty, Cj" uniqKey="Whitty C">CJ Whitty</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ghani, Ac" uniqKey="Ghani A">AC Ghani</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chen, Jh" uniqKey="Chen J">JH Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, H" uniqKey="Wang H">H Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xia Xu Chen, Jx" uniqKey="Xia Xu Chen J">JX Xia-Xu Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bergquist, R" uniqKey="Bergquist R">R Bergquist</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tanner, M" uniqKey="Tanner M">M Tanner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Utzinger, Ju" uniqKey="Utzinger J">JU Utzinger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Xn" uniqKey="Zhou X">XN Zhou</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sinka, Me" uniqKey="Sinka M">ME Sinka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bangs, Mj" uniqKey="Bangs M">MJ Bangs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sylvie, M" uniqKey="Sylvie M">M Sylvie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Theeraphap, C" uniqKey="Theeraphap C">C Theeraphap</name></author><author><name sortKey="Patil, Ap" uniqKey="Patil A">AP Patil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Temperley, Wh" uniqKey="Temperley W">WH Temperley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gething, Pw" uniqKey="Gething P">PW Gething</name></author><author><name sortKey="Iqbal, Rfe" uniqKey="Iqbal R">RFE Iqbal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kabaria, Cw" uniqKey="Kabaria C">CW Kabaria</name></author><author><name sortKey="Harbach, Re" uniqKey="Harbach R">RE Harbach</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hay, Si" uniqKey="Hay S">SI Hay</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sinka, Me" uniqKey="Sinka M">ME Sinka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bangs, Mj" uniqKey="Bangs M">MJ Bangs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sylvie, M" uniqKey="Sylvie M">M Sylvie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maureen, C" uniqKey="Maureen C">C Maureen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mbogo, Cm" uniqKey="Mbogo C">CM Mbogo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Janet, H" uniqKey="Janet H">H Janet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Patil, Ap" uniqKey="Patil A">AP Patil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Temperley, Wh" uniqKey="Temperley W">WH Temperley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gething, Pw" uniqKey="Gething P">PW Gething</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kabaria, Cw" uniqKey="Kabaria C">CW Kabaria</name></author><author><name sortKey="Okara, Rm" uniqKey="Okara R">RM Okara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Thomas, B" uniqKey="Van Thomas B">B Van Thomas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Godfray, Hcj" uniqKey="Godfray H">HCJ Godfray</name></author><author><name sortKey="Harbach, Re" uniqKey="Harbach R">RE Harbach</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hay, Si" uniqKey="Hay S">SI Hay</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Infect Dis Poverty</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Infect Dis Poverty</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Infectious Diseases of Poverty</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2049-9957</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23849299</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3710198</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2049-9957-1-7</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/2049-9957-1-7</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Scoping Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Scaling up impact of malaria control programmes: a tale of events in Sub-Saharan Africa and People’s Republic of China</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" id="A1"><name><surname>Tambo</surname><given-names>Ernest</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref><email>tambo0711@gmail.com</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A2"><name><surname>Adedeji</surname><given-names>Ahmed Adebowale</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3">3</xref><email>ahmedade1@yahoo.co.uk</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A3"><name><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>Fang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>huangfang78@yahoo.com.cn</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A4"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Jun-Hu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>junhuchen@hotmail.com</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A5"><name><surname>Zhou</surname><given-names>Shui-Sen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>ccdczss@sh163.net</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A6"><name><surname>Tang</surname><given-names>Ling-Hua</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>ipdtlh@sh163.net</email></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><label>1</label>National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre on Malaria, Schisostomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China</aff><aff id="I2"><label>2</label>School of Medicine & Pharmacy, Houdegbe North American University PK10, Route de Porto-Novo, 06 BP 2080, Cotonou, République du Bénin</aff><aff id="I3"><label>3</label>Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kampala International University Western Campus, P.O.Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda</aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>1</day><month>11</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>7</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>28</day><month>8</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012 Tambo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Tambo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.idpjournal.com/content/1/1/7"></self-uri><abstract><p>This review aims at providing synthetic information with scientific evidence on the trends in the malaria events from 1960 to 2011, with the hope that it will help policy makers to take informed decisions on public health issues and intervention designs on malaria control towards elimination in both Sub-Sahara Africa and in the People’s Republic of China by highlighting the achievements, progress and challenges in research on moving malaria from epidemic status towards elimination. Our findings showed that since 1960, malaria control programmes in most countries have been disjointed and not harmonized. Interestingly, during the last decade, the causal factors of the unprecedented and substantial decline in malaria morbidity and mortality rates in most vulnerable groups in these endemic areas are multifaceted, including not only the spread of malaria and its related effects but also political and financial willingness, commitment and funding by governments and international donors. The benefits of scaling up the impact of malaria coverage interventions, improvement of health system approaches and sustained commitment of stakeholders are highlighted, although considerable efforts are still necessary in Sub-Sahara Africa. Furthermore, novel integrated control strategies aiming at moving malaria from epidemic status to control towards elimination, require solid research priorities both for sustainability of the most efficient existing tools and intervention coverage, and in gaining more insights in the understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, vector dynamics, and socioeconomic aspects of the disease. In conclusion, political commitment and financial investment of stakeholders in sustaining the scaling up impact of malaria control interventions, networking between African and Chinese scientists, and their Western partners are urgently needed in upholding the recent gains, and in translating lessons learnt from the Chinese malaria control achievements and successes into practical interventions in malaria endemic countries in Africa and elsewhere.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>malaria</kwd><kwd>funding</kwd><kwd>scaling up</kwd><kwd>interventions</kwd><kwd>health system</kwd><kwd>Sub-Sahara Africa</kwd><kwd>People’s Republic of China</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Ouganda</li><li>République populaire de Chine</li></country></list><tree><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Tambo, Ernest" sort="Tambo, Ernest" uniqKey="Tambo E" first="Ernest" last="Tambo">Ernest Tambo</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Chen, Jun Hu" sort="Chen, Jun Hu" uniqKey="Chen J" first="Jun-Hu" last="Chen">Jun-Hu Chen</name><name sortKey="Huang, Fang" sort="Huang, Fang" uniqKey="Huang F" first="Fang" last="Huang">Fang Huang</name><name sortKey="Tang, Ling Hua" sort="Tang, Ling Hua" uniqKey="Tang L" first="Ling-Hua" last="Tang">Ling-Hua Tang</name><name sortKey="Zhou, Shui Sen" sort="Zhou, Shui Sen" uniqKey="Zhou S" first="Shui-Sen" last="Zhou">Shui-Sen Zhou</name></country><country name="Ouganda"><noRegion><name sortKey="Adedeji, Ahmed Adebowale" sort="Adedeji, Ahmed Adebowale" uniqKey="Adedeji A" first="Ahmed Adebowale" last="Adedeji">Ahmed Adebowale Adedeji</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/SidaSubSaharaV1/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001C62 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 001C62 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Sante
|area= SidaSubSaharaV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Checkpoint
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:3710198
|texte= Scaling up impact of malaria control programmes: a tale of events in Sub-Saharan Africa and People’s Republic of China
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:23849299" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a SidaSubSaharaV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. |  |