Determinants of Sexual Activity and Pregnancy among Unmarried Young Women in Urban Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study
Identifieur interne : 000E20 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000E19; suivant : 000E21Determinants of Sexual Activity and Pregnancy among Unmarried Young Women in Urban Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study
Auteurs : Chinelo C. Okigbo [États-Unis] ; Ilene S. Speizer [États-Unis]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
With age of marriage rising in Kenya, the period between onset of puberty and first marriage has increased, resulting in higher rates of premarital sexual activity and pregnancy. We assessed the determinants of sexual activity and pregnancy among young unmarried women in urban Kenya.
Baseline data from five urban areas in Kenya (Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu, Machakos, and Kakamega) collected in 2010 by the Measurement, Learning & Evaluation project were used. Women aged 15-24 years, who had never been married, and were not living with a male partner at the time of survey (weighted n=2020) were included. Using weighted, multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression and logistic regression analyses, we assessed factors associated with three outcome measures: time to first sex, time to first pregnancy, and teenage pregnancy.
One-half of our sample had ever had sex; the mean age at first sex among the sexually-experienced was 17.7 (± 2.6) years. About 15% had ever been pregnant; mean age at first pregnancy was 18.3 (±2.2) years. Approximately 11% had a teenage pregnancy. Three-quarters (76%) of those who had ever been pregnant (weighted n=306) reported the pregnancy was unwanted at the time. Having secondary education was associated with a later time to first sex and first pregnancy. In addition, religion, religiosity, and employment status were associated with time to first sex while city of residence, household size, characteristics of household head, family planning knowledge and misconceptions, and early sexual debut were significantly associated with time to first pregnancy. Education, city of residence, household wealth, early sexual debut, and contraceptive use at sexual debut were associated with teenage pregnancy for those 20-24 years.
Understanding risk and protective factors of youth sexual and reproductive health can inform programs to improve young people’s long-term potential by avoiding early and unintended pregnancies.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129286
PubMed: 26047505
PubMed Central: 4457813
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Okigbo</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Measurement, Learning, and Evaluation Project, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Measurement, Learning, and Evaluation Project, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Speizer, Ilene S" sort="Speizer, Ilene S" uniqKey="Speizer I" first="Ilene S." last="Speizer">Ilene S. Speizer</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Measurement, Learning, and Evaluation Project, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Measurement, Learning, and Evaluation Project, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26047505</idno><idno type="pmc">4457813</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4457813</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4457813</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0129286</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000162</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000162</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000162</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000162</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000E20</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000E20</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Determinants of Sexual Activity and Pregnancy among Unmarried Young Women in Urban Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study</title><author><name sortKey="Okigbo, Chinelo C" sort="Okigbo, Chinelo C" uniqKey="Okigbo C" first="Chinelo C." last="Okigbo">Chinelo C. Okigbo</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Measurement, Learning, and Evaluation Project, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Measurement, Learning, and Evaluation Project, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Speizer, Ilene S" sort="Speizer, Ilene S" uniqKey="Speizer I" first="Ilene S." last="Speizer">Ilene S. Speizer</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Measurement, Learning, and Evaluation Project, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Measurement, Learning, and Evaluation Project, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="sec001"><title>Objectives</title><p>With age of marriage rising in Kenya, the period between onset of puberty and first marriage has increased, resulting in higher rates of premarital sexual activity and pregnancy. We assessed the determinants of sexual activity and pregnancy among young unmarried women in urban Kenya.</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Methods</title><p>Baseline data from five urban areas in Kenya (Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu, Machakos, and Kakamega) collected in 2010 by the Measurement, Learning & Evaluation project were used. Women aged 15-24 years, who had never been married, and were not living with a male partner at the time of survey (weighted n=2020) were included. Using weighted, multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression and logistic regression analyses, we assessed factors associated with three outcome measures: time to first sex, time to first pregnancy, and teenage pregnancy.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Results</title><p>One-half of our sample had ever had sex; the mean age at first sex among the sexually-experienced was 17.7 (± 2.6) years. About 15% had ever been pregnant; mean age at first pregnancy was 18.3 (±2.2) years. Approximately 11% had a teenage pregnancy. Three-quarters (76%) of those who had ever been pregnant (weighted n=306) reported the pregnancy was unwanted at the time. Having secondary education was associated with a later time to first sex and first pregnancy. In addition, religion, religiosity, and employment status were associated with time to first sex while city of residence, household size, characteristics of household head, family planning knowledge and misconceptions, and early sexual debut were significantly associated with time to first pregnancy. Education, city of residence, household wealth, early sexual debut, and contraceptive use at sexual debut were associated with teenage pregnancy for those 20-24 years.</p></sec><sec id="sec004"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Understanding risk and protective factors of youth sexual and reproductive health can inform programs to improve young people’s long-term potential by avoiding early and unintended pregnancies.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Patton, Gc" uniqKey="Patton G">GC Patton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Coffey, C" uniqKey="Coffey C">C Coffey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sawyer, Sm" uniqKey="Sawyer S">SM Sawyer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Viner, Rm" uniqKey="Viner R">RM Viner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haller, Dm" uniqKey="Haller D">DM Haller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bose, K" uniqKey="Bose K">K 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, CA USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26047505</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4457813</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0129286</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-14-45373</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Determinants of Sexual Activity and Pregnancy among Unmarried Young Women in Urban Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Determinants of Time to First Sex and Pregnancy</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Okigbo</surname><given-names>Chinelo C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref rid="cor001" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Speizer</surname><given-names>Ilene S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff001"><label>1</label><addr-line>Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff002"><label>2</label><addr-line>Measurement, Learning, and Evaluation Project, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Voracek</surname><given-names>Martin</given-names></name><role>Academic Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>University of Vienna, AUSTRIA</addr-line></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="conflict" id="coi001"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con" id="contrib001"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: CCO ISS. Performed the experiments: CCO ISS. Analyzed the data: CCO ISS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CCO ISS. Wrote the paper: CCO ISS.</p></fn><corresp id="cor001">* E-mail: <email>cokigbo@live.unc.edu</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>5</day><month>6</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>6</issue><elocation-id>e0129286</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>6</day><month>5</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Okigbo, Speizer</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pone.0129286.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><sec id="sec001"><title>Objectives</title><p>With age of marriage rising in Kenya, the period between onset of puberty and first marriage has increased, resulting in higher rates of premarital sexual activity and pregnancy. We assessed the determinants of sexual activity and pregnancy among young unmarried women in urban Kenya.</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Methods</title><p>Baseline data from five urban areas in Kenya (Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu, Machakos, and Kakamega) collected in 2010 by the Measurement, Learning & Evaluation project were used. Women aged 15-24 years, who had never been married, and were not living with a male partner at the time of survey (weighted n=2020) were included. Using weighted, multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression and logistic regression analyses, we assessed factors associated with three outcome measures: time to first sex, time to first pregnancy, and teenage pregnancy.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Results</title><p>One-half of our sample had ever had sex; the mean age at first sex among the sexually-experienced was 17.7 (± 2.6) years. About 15% had ever been pregnant; mean age at first pregnancy was 18.3 (±2.2) years. Approximately 11% had a teenage pregnancy. Three-quarters (76%) of those who had ever been pregnant (weighted n=306) reported the pregnancy was unwanted at the time. Having secondary education was associated with a later time to first sex and first pregnancy. In addition, religion, religiosity, and employment status were associated with time to first sex while city of residence, household size, characteristics of household head, family planning knowledge and misconceptions, and early sexual debut were significantly associated with time to first pregnancy. Education, city of residence, household wealth, early sexual debut, and contraceptive use at sexual debut were associated with teenage pregnancy for those 20-24 years.</p></sec><sec id="sec004"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Understanding risk and protective factors of youth sexual and reproductive health can inform programs to improve young people’s long-term potential by avoiding early and unintended pregnancies.</p></sec></abstract><funding-group><funding-statement>This research work was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.gatesfoundation.org/">www.gatesfoundation.org/</ext-link>) and was supported by grant, 5 R24 HD050924, Carolina Population Center, awarded to the Carolina Population Center at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.nichd.nih.gov">www.nichd.nih.gov</ext-link>). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. In addition, the contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the funders.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="0"></fig-count><table-count count="5"></table-count><page-count count="17"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name><meta-value>Data are available from the MLE Data Manager at Carolina Population Center upon request (email: <email>mle-data-use-inquiry@unc.edu</email>). You will need to submit a third party data request form for the data to be available to you. The form can be obtained from <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.urbanreproductivehealth.org/sites/mle/files/third_party_data_request_form_-_kenya_june_2014.pdf">https://www.urbanreproductivehealth.org/sites/mle/files/third_party_data_request_form_-_kenya_june_2014.pdf</ext-link>.</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta><notes><title>Data Availability</title><p>Data are available from the MLE Data Manager at Carolina Population Center upon request (email: <email>mle-data-use-inquiry@unc.edu</email>). You will need to submit a third party data request form for the data to be available to you. The form can be obtained from <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.urbanreproductivehealth.org/sites/mle/files/third_party_data_request_form_-_kenya_june_2014.pdf">https://www.urbanreproductivehealth.org/sites/mle/files/third_party_data_request_form_-_kenya_june_2014.pdf</ext-link>.</p></notes></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Caroline du Nord</li></region></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Caroline du Nord"><name sortKey="Okigbo, Chinelo C" sort="Okigbo, Chinelo C" uniqKey="Okigbo C" first="Chinelo C." last="Okigbo">Chinelo C. Okigbo</name></region><name sortKey="Okigbo, Chinelo C" sort="Okigbo, Chinelo C" uniqKey="Okigbo C" first="Chinelo C." last="Okigbo">Chinelo C. Okigbo</name><name sortKey="Speizer, Ilene S" sort="Speizer, Ilene S" uniqKey="Speizer I" first="Ilene S." last="Speizer">Ilene S. Speizer</name><name sortKey="Speizer, Ilene S" sort="Speizer, Ilene S" uniqKey="Speizer I" first="Ilene S." last="Speizer">Ilene S. Speizer</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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