Epidemiology of Drug Use and HIV-Related Risk Behaviors among People Who Inject Drugs in Mwanza, Tanzania
Identifieur interne : 000D58 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000D57; suivant : 000D59Epidemiology of Drug Use and HIV-Related Risk Behaviors among People Who Inject Drugs in Mwanza, Tanzania
Auteurs : Annabel Xulin Tan [États-Unis] ; Saidi Kapiga [Tanzanie] ; Kaveh Khoshnood [États-Unis] ; R. Douglas Bruce [États-Unis]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Heroin trafficking and consumption has increased steadily over the past decade in Tanzania, but limited information regarding HIV and drug use exists for the city of Mwanza. Our study investigates the epidemiology of drug use, and HIV risk behaviors among drug users in the northwestern city of Mwanza. Using a combination of targeted sampling and participant referral, we recruited 480 participants in Mwanza between June and August 2014. The sample was 92% male. Seventy-nine (16.4%) participants reported injecting heroin, while 434 (90.4%) reported smoking heroin. Unstable housing and cohabitation status were the only socioeconomic characteristics significantly associated with heroin injection. More than half of heroin injectors left syringes in common locations, and half reported sharing needles and syringes. Other risk behaviors such as lack of condom use during sex, and the use of illicit drugs during sex was widely reported as well. Among the study sample, there was poor awareness of health risks posed by needle/syringe sharing and drug use. Our results show that heroin use and HIV risk related behaviors are pressing problems that should not be ignored in Mwanza. Harm reduction programs are urgently needed in this population.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145578
PubMed: 26701616
PubMed Central: 4689416
Affiliations:
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Heroin trafficking and consumption has increased steadily over the past decade in Tanzania, but limited information regarding HIV and drug use exists for the city of Mwanza. Our study investigates the epidemiology of drug use, and HIV risk behaviors among drug users in the northwestern city of Mwanza. Using a combination of targeted sampling and participant referral, we recruited 480 participants in Mwanza between June and August 2014. The sample was 92% male. Seventy-nine (16.4%) participants reported injecting heroin, while 434 (90.4%) reported smoking heroin. Unstable housing and cohabitation status were the only socioeconomic characteristics significantly associated with heroin injection. More than half of heroin injectors left syringes in common locations, and half reported sharing needles and syringes. Other risk behaviors such as lack of condom use during sex, and the use of illicit drugs during sex was widely reported as well. Among the study sample, there was poor awareness of health risks posed by needle/syringe sharing and drug use. Our results show that heroin use and HIV risk related behaviors are pressing problems that should not be ignored in Mwanza. Harm reduction programs are urgently needed in this population.</p>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>San Francisco, CA USA</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26701616</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4689416</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0145578</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-15-30032</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Epidemiology of Drug Use and HIV-Related Risk Behaviors among People Who Inject Drugs in Mwanza, Tanzania</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Drug Use and HIV-Related Risk Behaviors among PWID in Mwanza, Tanzania</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tan</surname>
<given-names>Annabel Xulin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref rid="cor001" ref-type="corresp">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kapiga</surname>
<given-names>Saidi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Khoshnood</surname>
<given-names>Kaveh</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bruce</surname>
<given-names>R. Douglas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff004"><sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff001"><label>1</label>
<addr-line>Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff002"><label>2</label>
<addr-line>Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff003"><label>3</label>
<addr-line>Cornell Scott-Hill Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff004"><label>4</label>
<addr-line>Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Okulicz</surname>
<given-names>Jason F</given-names>
</name>
<role>Editor</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="edit1"><addr-line>Infectious Disease Service, UNITED STATES</addr-line>
</aff>
<author-notes><fn fn-type="conflict" id="coi001"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="con" id="contrib001"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: AXT SK RDB. Performed the experiments: AXT. Analyzed the data: AXT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AXT SK. Wrote the paper: AXT SK RDB KK.</p>
</fn>
<corresp id="cor001">* E-mail: <email>xulin.tan@yale.edu</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<issue>12</issue>
<elocation-id>e0145578</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>10</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>4</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2015 Tan et al</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Tan et al</copyright-holder>
<license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>
, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pone.0145578.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><p>Heroin trafficking and consumption has increased steadily over the past decade in Tanzania, but limited information regarding HIV and drug use exists for the city of Mwanza. Our study investigates the epidemiology of drug use, and HIV risk behaviors among drug users in the northwestern city of Mwanza. Using a combination of targeted sampling and participant referral, we recruited 480 participants in Mwanza between June and August 2014. The sample was 92% male. Seventy-nine (16.4%) participants reported injecting heroin, while 434 (90.4%) reported smoking heroin. Unstable housing and cohabitation status were the only socioeconomic characteristics significantly associated with heroin injection. More than half of heroin injectors left syringes in common locations, and half reported sharing needles and syringes. Other risk behaviors such as lack of condom use during sex, and the use of illicit drugs during sex was widely reported as well. Among the study sample, there was poor awareness of health risks posed by needle/syringe sharing and drug use. Our results show that heroin use and HIV risk related behaviors are pressing problems that should not be ignored in Mwanza. Harm reduction programs are urgently needed in this population.</p>
</abstract>
<funding-group><funding-statement>The study was funded by the Yale Global Health Initiative Field Experience Award. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<counts><fig-count count="0"></fig-count>
<table-count count="5"></table-count>
<page-count count="15"></page-count>
</counts>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name>
<meta-value>All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
<notes><title>Data Availability</title>
<p>All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.</p>
</notes>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Tanzanie</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Connecticut</li>
</region>
</list>
<tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Connecticut"><name sortKey="Tan, Annabel Xulin" sort="Tan, Annabel Xulin" uniqKey="Tan A" first="Annabel Xulin" last="Tan">Annabel Xulin Tan</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Bruce, R Douglas" sort="Bruce, R Douglas" uniqKey="Bruce R" first="R. Douglas" last="Bruce">R. Douglas Bruce</name>
<name sortKey="Bruce, R Douglas" sort="Bruce, R Douglas" uniqKey="Bruce R" first="R. Douglas" last="Bruce">R. Douglas Bruce</name>
<name sortKey="Khoshnood, Kaveh" sort="Khoshnood, Kaveh" uniqKey="Khoshnood K" first="Kaveh" last="Khoshnood">Kaveh Khoshnood</name>
</country>
<country name="Tanzanie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kapiga, Saidi" sort="Kapiga, Saidi" uniqKey="Kapiga S" first="Saidi" last="Kapiga">Saidi Kapiga</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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