Nevirapine pharmacokinetics and risk of rash and hepatitis among HIV-infected sub-Saharan African women
Identifieur interne : 000717 ( PascalFrancis/Curation ); précédent : 000716; suivant : 000718Nevirapine pharmacokinetics and risk of rash and hepatitis among HIV-infected sub-Saharan African women
Auteurs : Betty J. Dong [États-Unis] ; YU ZHENG [États-Unis] ; Michael D. Hughes [États-Unis] ; Adam Frymoyer [États-Unis] ; Davide Verotta [États-Unis] ; Patricia Lizak [États-Unis] ; Frederick Sawe [Kenya] ; Judith S. Currier [États-Unis] ; Shahin Lockman [États-Unis] ; Francesca T. Aweeka [États-Unis]Source :
- AIDS : (London) [ 0269-9370 ] ; 2012.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- Wicri :
- topic : Femme.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
Objectives: To estimate nevirapine (NVP) pharmacokinetics and examine its association with rash and/or hepatotoxicity in women starting antiretroviral treatment in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5208/OCTANE study in Africa. Design: In HIV-infected, nonpregnant women with screening CD4 cell count less than 200cells/μI randomized to NVP (twice daily, after 14-day once-daily lead-in period) and tenofovir/emtricitabine, single NVP blood samples were collected 14 and 28 days following randomization. Rash and hepatotoxicity that occurred during therapy, or within 7 days after the last dose of NVP, were defined as toxicity. Methods: NVP pharmacokinetics were modeled by population pharmacokinetic analysis. Individual Bayesian pharmacokinetic estimates were used to calculate clearance, 24-h area under the curve, and predicted plasma concentrations. Results: Median week 4 NVP clearance was 21/h. Among the 359 women, 194 (54%) developed a rash of any grade; 82 (23%) had grade 2+ and nine (3%) had grade 3+ rash. Median clearance was 1.7l/h for participants exhibiting 3+ rash versus 2 l/h in women without 3+ rash (P= 0.046). The odds of developing 3+ rash was 50% higher for every 20% decrease in clearance (P = 0.046). NVP discontinuation due to rash/liver toxicity was significantly more common among women with pretreatment CD4 cell count more than 250cells/μl (P=0.003). Conclusion: In this study, HIV-infected African women starting a NVP-based antiretroviral regimen had a lower NVP clearance compared to previous reports. Severe rash, but not hepatotoxicity, was associated with higher NVP exposure. Albeit observed in a small number of women, baseline CD4 cell count at least 250 celis/μl was significantly associated with NVP toxicity.
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Dong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>University of California</s1><s2>San Francisco, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu Zheng" sort="Yu Zheng" uniqKey="Yu Zheng" last="Yu Zheng">YU ZHENG</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Brigham and Women's Hospital</s1><s2>Boston, Massachusetts</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hughes, Michael D" sort="Hughes, Michael D" uniqKey="Hughes M" first="Michael D." last="Hughes">Michael D. 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Aweeka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>University of California</s1><s2>San Francisco, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">12-0196708</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 12-0196708 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:12-0196708</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000190</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">000717</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Nevirapine pharmacokinetics and risk of rash and hepatitis among HIV-infected sub-Saharan African women</title><author><name sortKey="Dong, Betty J" sort="Dong, Betty J" uniqKey="Dong B" first="Betty J." last="Dong">Betty J. Dong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>University of California</s1><s2>San Francisco, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu Zheng" sort="Yu Zheng" uniqKey="Yu Zheng" last="Yu Zheng">YU ZHENG</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Brigham and Women's Hospital</s1><s2>Boston, Massachusetts</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hughes, Michael D" sort="Hughes, Michael D" uniqKey="Hughes M" first="Michael D." last="Hughes">Michael D. Hughes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Brigham and Women's Hospital</s1><s2>Boston, Massachusetts</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frymoyer, Adam" sort="Frymoyer, Adam" uniqKey="Frymoyer A" first="Adam" last="Frymoyer">Adam Frymoyer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>University of California, Department of Pediatrics</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verotta, Davide" sort="Verotta, Davide" uniqKey="Verotta D" first="Davide" last="Verotta">Davide Verotta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>University of California, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences</s1><s2>San Francisco, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lizak, Patricia" sort="Lizak, Patricia" uniqKey="Lizak P" first="Patricia" last="Lizak">Patricia Lizak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>University of California</s1><s2>San Francisco, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sawe, Frederick" sort="Sawe, Frederick" uniqKey="Sawe F" first="Frederick" last="Sawe">Frederick Sawe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Kenya Medical Research Institute/Walter Reed Project and and US Military HIV Research Program</s1><s2>Kericho</s2><s3>KEN</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Kenya</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Currier, Judith S" sort="Currier, Judith S" uniqKey="Currier J" first="Judith S." last="Currier">Judith S. Currier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>University of California</s1><s2>Los Angeles, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lockman, Shahin" sort="Lockman, Shahin" uniqKey="Lockman S" first="Shahin" last="Lockman">Shahin Lockman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Department of Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health</s1><s2>Boston, Massachusetts</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aweeka, Francesca T" sort="Aweeka, Francesca T" uniqKey="Aweeka F" first="Francesca T." last="Aweeka">Francesca T. Aweeka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>University of California</s1><s2>San Francisco, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">AIDS : (London)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">AIDS : (Lond.)</title><idno type="ISSN">0269-9370</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">AIDS : (London)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">AIDS : (Lond.)</title><idno type="ISSN">0269-9370</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>AIDS</term><term>Antiretroviral agent</term><term>Antiviral</term><term>Dermatitis</term><term>Female</term><term>Hepatitis</term><term>Hepatotoxicity</term><term>Nevirapine</term><term>Pharmacokinetics</term><term>Risk factor</term><term>Sub-Saharan Africa</term><term>Toxicity</term><term>Woman</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Dermatite</term><term>Hépatite</term><term>SIDA</term><term>Névirapine</term><term>Pharmacocinétique</term><term>Facteur risque</term><term>Afrique subsaharienne</term><term>Femme</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Toxicité</term><term>Hépatotoxicité</term><term>Antiviral</term><term>Antirétroviral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Femme</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Objectives: To estimate nevirapine (NVP) pharmacokinetics and examine its association with rash and/or hepatotoxicity in women starting antiretroviral treatment in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5208/OCTANE study in Africa. Design: In HIV-infected, nonpregnant women with screening CD4 cell count less than 200cells/μI randomized to NVP (twice daily, after 14-day once-daily lead-in period) and tenofovir/emtricitabine, single NVP blood samples were collected 14 and 28 days following randomization. Rash and hepatotoxicity that occurred during therapy, or within 7 days after the last dose of NVP, were defined as toxicity. Methods: NVP pharmacokinetics were modeled by population pharmacokinetic analysis. Individual Bayesian pharmacokinetic estimates were used to calculate clearance, 24-h area under the curve, and predicted plasma concentrations. Results: Median week 4 NVP clearance was 21/h. Among the 359 women, 194 (54%) developed a rash of any grade; 82 (23%) had grade 2+ and nine (3%) had grade 3+ rash. Median clearance was 1.7l/h for participants exhibiting 3+ rash versus 2 l/h in women without 3+ rash (P= 0.<sub>046</sub>). The odds of developing 3+ rash was 50% higher for every 20% decrease in clearance (P = 0.046). NVP discontinuation due to rash/liver toxicity was significantly more common among women with pretreatment CD4 cell count more than 250cells/μl (P=0.003). Conclusion: In this study, HIV-infected African women starting a NVP-based antiretroviral regimen had a lower NVP clearance compared to previous reports. Severe rash, but not hepatotoxicity, was associated with higher NVP exposure. Albeit observed in a small number of women, baseline CD4 cell count at least 250 celis/μl was significantly associated with NVP toxicity.</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0269-9370</s0></fA01><fA03 i2="1"><s0>AIDS : (Lond.)</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>26</s2></fA05><fA06><s2>7</s2></fA06><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Nevirapine pharmacokinetics and risk of rash and hepatitis among HIV-infected sub-Saharan African women</s1></fA08><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>DONG (Betty J.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>YU ZHENG</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>HUGHES (Michael D.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>FRYMOYER (Adam)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>VEROTTA (Davide)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>LIZAK (Patricia)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>SAWE (Frederick)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="08" i2="1"><s1>CURRIER (Judith S.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="09" i2="1"><s1>LOCKMAN (Shahin)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="10" i2="1"><s1>AWEEKA (Francesca T.)</s1></fA11><fA14 i1="01"><s1>University of California</s1><s2>San Francisco, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="02"><s1>Brigham and Women's Hospital</s1><s2>Boston, Massachusetts</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="03"><s1>University of California, Department of Pediatrics</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="04"><s1>University of California, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences</s1><s2>San Francisco, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="05"><s1>Kenya Medical Research Institute/Walter Reed Project and and US Military HIV Research Program</s1><s2>Kericho</s2><s3>KEN</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="06"><s1>University of California</s1><s2>Los Angeles, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="07"><s1>Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="08"><s1>Department of Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health</s1><s2>Boston, Massachusetts</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA17 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 5208 Team</s1><s3>INC</s3></fA17><fA20><s1>833-841</s1></fA20><fA21><s1>2012</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>22094</s2><s5>354000509816620080</s5></fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0><s1>© 2012 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA45><s0>53 ref.</s0></fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>12-0196708</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>AIDS : (London)</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>USA</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Objectives: To estimate nevirapine (NVP) pharmacokinetics and examine its association with rash and/or hepatotoxicity in women starting antiretroviral treatment in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5208/OCTANE study in Africa. Design: In HIV-infected, nonpregnant women with screening CD4 cell count less than 200cells/μI randomized to NVP (twice daily, after 14-day once-daily lead-in period) and tenofovir/emtricitabine, single NVP blood samples were collected 14 and 28 days following randomization. Rash and hepatotoxicity that occurred during therapy, or within 7 days after the last dose of NVP, were defined as toxicity. Methods: NVP pharmacokinetics were modeled by population pharmacokinetic analysis. Individual Bayesian pharmacokinetic estimates were used to calculate clearance, 24-h area under the curve, and predicted plasma concentrations. Results: Median week 4 NVP clearance was 21/h. Among the 359 women, 194 (54%) developed a rash of any grade; 82 (23%) had grade 2+ and nine (3%) had grade 3+ rash. Median clearance was 1.7l/h for participants exhibiting 3+ rash versus 2 l/h in women without 3+ rash (P= 0.<sub>046</sub>). The odds of developing 3+ rash was 50% higher for every 20% decrease in clearance (P = 0.046). NVP discontinuation due to rash/liver toxicity was significantly more common among women with pretreatment CD4 cell count more than 250cells/μl (P=0.003). Conclusion: In this study, HIV-infected African women starting a NVP-based antiretroviral regimen had a lower NVP clearance compared to previous reports. Severe rash, but not hepatotoxicity, was associated with higher NVP exposure. Albeit observed in a small number of women, baseline CD4 cell count at least 250 celis/μl was significantly associated with NVP toxicity.</s0></fC01><fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>002B05C02D</s0></fC02><fC02 i1="02" i2="X"><s0>002B08J</s0></fC02><fC02 i1="03" i2="X"><s0>002B13C03</s0></fC02><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Dermatite</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Dermatitis</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Dermatitis</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Hépatite</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Hepatitis</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hepatitis</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>SIDA</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>AIDS</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>SIDA</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Névirapine</s0><s2>NK</s2><s2>FR</s2><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Nevirapine</s0><s2>NK</s2><s2>FR</s2><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Nevirapina</s0><s2>NK</s2><s2>FR</s2><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Pharmacocinétique</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Pharmacokinetics</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Farmacocinética</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Facteur risque</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Risk factor</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Factor riesgo</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Afrique subsaharienne</s0><s2>NG</s2><s5>09</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Sub-Saharan Africa</s0><s2>NG</s2><s5>09</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Africa subsahariana</s0><s2>NG</s2><s5>09</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Femme</s0><s5>10</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Woman</s0><s5>10</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Mujer</s0><s5>10</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Femelle</s0><s5>13</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Female</s0><s5>13</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hembra</s0><s5>13</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Toxicité</s0><s5>14</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Toxicity</s0><s5>14</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Toxicidad</s0><s5>14</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Hépatotoxicité</s0><s5>15</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Hepatotoxicity</s0><s5>15</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hepatotoxicidad</s0><s5>15</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Antiviral</s0><s5>30</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Antiviral</s0><s5>30</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Antiviral</s0><s5>30</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Antirétroviral</s0><s5>31</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Antiretroviral agent</s0><s5>31</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Antiretroviral</s0><s5>31</s5></fC03><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virose</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Viral disease</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Virosis</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Infection</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Infection</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Infección</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Afrique</s0><s2>NG</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Africa</s0><s2>NG</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Africa</s0><s2>NG</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Homme</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Human</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hombre</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Composé non nucléoside</s0><s5>37</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Non nucleoside compound</s0><s5>37</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Compuesto no nucleósido</s0><s5>37</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Inhibiteur enzyme</s0><s5>38</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Enzyme inhibitor</s0><s5>38</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Inhibidor enzima</s0><s5>38</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Inhibiteur reverse transcriptase</s0><s2>NK</s2><s2>FR</s2><s5>39</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Reverse transcriptase inhibitor</s0><s2>NK</s2><s2>FR</s2><s5>39</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Inhibitor reverse transcriptase</s0><s2>NK</s2><s2>FR</s2><s5>39</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>RNA-directed DNA polymerase</s0><s2>FE</s2><s5>40</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>RNA-directed DNA polymerase</s0><s2>FE</s2><s5>40</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>RNA-directed DNA polymerase</s0><s2>FE</s2><s5>40</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Nucleotidyltransferases</s0><s2>FE</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Nucleotidyltransferases</s0><s2>FE</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Nucleotidyltransferases</s0><s2>FE</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Transferases</s0><s2>FE</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Transferases</s0><s2>FE</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Transferases</s0><s2>FE</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Enzyme</s0><s2>FE</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Enzyme</s0><s2>FE</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Enzima</s0><s2>FE</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="12" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Pathologie de la peau</s0><s5>41</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="12" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Skin disease</s0><s5>41</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="12" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Piel patología</s0><s5>41</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="13" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Pathologie de l'appareil digestif</s0><s5>42</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="13" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Digestive diseases</s0><s5>42</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="13" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Aparato digestivo patología</s0><s5>42</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="14" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Pathologie du foie</s0><s5>43</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="14" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Hepatic disease</s0><s5>43</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="14" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hígado patología</s0><s5>43</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="15" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Immunodéficit</s0><s5>44</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="15" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Immune deficiency</s0><s5>44</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="15" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Inmunodeficiencia</s0><s5>44</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="16" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Immunopathologie</s0><s5>46</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="16" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Immunopathology</s0><s5>46</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="16" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Inmunopatología</s0><s5>46</s5></fC07><fN21><s1>149</s1></fN21><fN44 i1="01"><s1>OTO</s1></fN44><fN82><s1>OTO</s1></fN82></pA></standard></inist></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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|texte= Nevirapine pharmacokinetics and risk of rash and hepatitis among HIV-infected sub-Saharan African women
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