HIV viral load as an independent risk factor for tuberculosis in South Africa: collaborative analysis of cohort studies.
Identifieur interne : 004367 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 004366; suivant : 004368HIV viral load as an independent risk factor for tuberculosis in South Africa: collaborative analysis of cohort studies.
Auteurs : Lukas Fenner [Suisse] ; Andrew Atkinson [Suisse] ; Andrew Boulle [Afrique du Sud] ; Matthew P. Fox [Afrique du Sud] ; Hans Prozesky [Afrique du Sud] ; Kathrin Zürcher [Suisse] ; Marie Ballif [Suisse] ; Hansjakob Furrer [Suisse] ; Marcel Zwahlen [Suisse] ; Mary-Ann Davies [Afrique du Sud] ; Matthias Egger [Suisse]Source :
- Journal of the International AIDS Society [ 1758-2652 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
Chronic immune activation due to ongoing HIV replication may lead to impaired immune responses against opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis (TB). We studied the role of HIV replication as a risk factor for incident TB after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART).
DOI: 10.7448/IAS.20.1.21327
PubMed: 28691438
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Fox</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prozesky, Hans" sort="Prozesky, Hans" uniqKey="Prozesky H" first="Hans" last="Prozesky">Hans Prozesky</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of 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Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement><region type="région" nuts="3">Canton de Berne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zwahlen, Marcel" sort="Zwahlen, Marcel" uniqKey="Zwahlen M" first="Marcel" last="Zwahlen">Marcel Zwahlen</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement><region type="région" nuts="3">Canton de Berne</region><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davies, Mary Ann" sort="Davies, Mary Ann" uniqKey="Davies M" first="Mary-Ann" last="Davies">Mary-Ann Davies</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research (CIDER), School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research (CIDER), School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Egger, Matthias" sort="Egger, Matthias" uniqKey="Egger M" first="Matthias" last="Egger">Matthias Egger</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country 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Andrew" uniqKey="Atkinson A" first="Andrew" last="Atkinson">Andrew Atkinson</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement><region type="région" nuts="3">Canton de Berne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boulle, Andrew" sort="Boulle, Andrew" uniqKey="Boulle A" first="Andrew" last="Boulle">Andrew Boulle</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Khayelitsha ART Programme, Médecins Sans Frontières, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Khayelitsha ART Programme, Médecins Sans Frontières, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, Matthew P" sort="Fox, Matthew P" uniqKey="Fox M" first="Matthew P" last="Fox">Matthew P. Fox</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prozesky, Hans" sort="Prozesky, Hans" uniqKey="Prozesky H" first="Hans" last="Prozesky">Hans Prozesky</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zurcher, Kathrin" sort="Zurcher, Kathrin" uniqKey="Zurcher K" first="Kathrin" last="Zürcher">Kathrin Zürcher</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement><region type="région" nuts="3">Canton de Berne</region><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ballif, Marie" sort="Ballif, Marie" uniqKey="Ballif M" first="Marie" last="Ballif">Marie Ballif</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement><region type="région" nuts="3">Canton de Berne</region><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Furrer, Hansjakob" sort="Furrer, Hansjakob" uniqKey="Furrer H" first="Hansjakob" last="Furrer">Hansjakob Furrer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement><region type="région" nuts="3">Canton de Berne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zwahlen, Marcel" sort="Zwahlen, Marcel" uniqKey="Zwahlen M" first="Marcel" last="Zwahlen">Marcel Zwahlen</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement><region type="région" nuts="3">Canton de Berne</region><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davies, Mary Ann" sort="Davies, Mary Ann" uniqKey="Davies M" first="Mary-Ann" last="Davies">Mary-Ann Davies</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research (CIDER), School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research (CIDER), School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Egger, Matthias" sort="Egger, Matthias" uniqKey="Egger M" first="Matthias" last="Egger">Matthias Egger</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement><region type="région" nuts="3">Canton de Berne</region><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of the International AIDS Society</title><idno type="eISSN">1758-2652</idno><imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Chronic immune activation due to ongoing HIV replication may lead to impaired immune responses against opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis (TB). We studied the role of HIV replication as a risk factor for incident TB after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART).</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Process" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">28691438</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2017</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>10</Day></DateCreated><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>27</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1758-2652</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>20</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2017</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>23</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of the International AIDS Society</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Int AIDS Soc</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>HIV viral load as an independent risk factor for tuberculosis in South Africa: collaborative analysis of cohort studies.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>21327</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.7448/IAS.20.1.21327</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="INTRODUCTION">Chronic immune activation due to ongoing HIV replication may lead to impaired immune responses against opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis (TB). We studied the role of HIV replication as a risk factor for incident TB after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS">We included all HIV-positive adult patients (≥16 years) in care between 2000 and 2014 at three ART programmes in South Africa. Patients with previous TB were excluded. Missing CD4 cell counts and HIV-RNA viral loads at ART start (baseline) and during follow-up were imputed. We used parametric survival models to assess TB incidence (pulmonary and extrapulmonary) by CD4 cell and HIV-RNA levels, and estimated the rate ratios for TB by including age, sex, baseline viral loads, CD4 cell counts, and WHO clinical stage in the model. We also used Poisson general additive regression models with time-updated CD4 and HIV-RNA values, adjusting for age and sex.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">We included 44,260 patients with a median follow-up time of 2.7 years (interquartile range [IQR] 1.0-5.0); 3,819 incident TB cases were recorded (8.6%). At baseline, the median age was 34 years (IQR 28-41); 30,675 patients (69.3%) were female. The median CD4 cell count was 156 cells/µL (IQR 79-229) and the median HIV-RNA viral load 58,000 copies/mL (IQR 6,000-240,000). Overall TB incidence was 26.2/1,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.3-27.0). Compared to the lowest viral load category (0-999 copies/mL), the adjusted rate ratio for TB was 1.41 (95% CI 1.15-1.75, p < 0.001) in the highest group (>10,000 copies/mL). Time-updated analyses for CD4/HIV-RNA confirmed the association of viral load with the risk for TB.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS">Our results indicate that ongoing HIV replication is an important risk factor for TB, regardless of CD4 cell counts, and underline the importance of early ART start and retention on ART.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fenner</LastName><ForeName>Lukas</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Atkinson</LastName><ForeName>Andrew</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boulle</LastName><ForeName>Andrew</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Khayelitsha ART Programme, Médecins Sans Frontières, Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fox</LastName><ForeName>Matthew P</ForeName><Initials>MP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Departments of Epidemiology and Global Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Prozesky</LastName><ForeName>Hans</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zürcher</LastName><ForeName>Kathrin</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ballif</LastName><ForeName>Marie</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Furrer</LastName><ForeName>Hansjakob</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zwahlen</LastName><ForeName>Marcel</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Davies</LastName><ForeName>Mary-Ann</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research (CIDER), School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Egger</LastName><ForeName>Matthias</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research (CIDER), School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><CollectiveName>International Epidemiology Database to Evaluate AIDS in Southern Africa (IeDEA-SA)</CollectiveName></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>U01AI069924</GrantID><Agency>US National Institutes of Health (NIAID, NICHD, NCI, NIMH, and NIDA)</Agency><Country>International</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>324730_149792</GrantID><Agency>Swiss National Science Foundation</Agency><Country>International</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Switzerland</Country><MedlineTA>J Int AIDS Soc</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101478566</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1758-2652</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>N Engl J Med. 2011 Jul 7;365(1):21-31</RefSource><PMID Version="1">21732834</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Sep 1;51(5):611-9</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20645862</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Thorax. 2013 Mar;68(3):207-13</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23117980</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Clin Infect Dis. 2002 May 1;34(9):1251-8</RefSource><PMID Version="1">11941552</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>PLoS One. 2016 Apr 13;11(4):e0153243</RefSource><PMID Version="1">27073928</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>N Engl J Med. 2015 Aug 27;373(9):795-807</RefSource><PMID 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treatment</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">incidence</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">opportunistic infection</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">prediction</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">time-updated</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">tuberculosis</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">viral load</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2017</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2017</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2017</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28691438</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.7448/IAS.20.1.21327</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC5515052</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li><li>Suisse</li></country><region><li>Canton de Berne</li><li>Gauteng</li></region><settlement><li>Berne</li><li>Johannesbourg</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Berne</li><li>Université du Witwatersrand</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Suisse"><region name="Canton de Berne"><name sortKey="Fenner, Lukas" sort="Fenner, Lukas" uniqKey="Fenner L" first="Lukas" last="Fenner">Lukas Fenner</name></region><name sortKey="Atkinson, Andrew" sort="Atkinson, Andrew" uniqKey="Atkinson A" first="Andrew" last="Atkinson">Andrew Atkinson</name><name sortKey="Ballif, Marie" sort="Ballif, Marie" uniqKey="Ballif M" first="Marie" last="Ballif">Marie Ballif</name><name sortKey="Egger, Matthias" sort="Egger, Matthias" uniqKey="Egger M" first="Matthias" last="Egger">Matthias Egger</name><name sortKey="Furrer, Hansjakob" sort="Furrer, Hansjakob" uniqKey="Furrer H" first="Hansjakob" last="Furrer">Hansjakob Furrer</name><name sortKey="Zurcher, Kathrin" sort="Zurcher, Kathrin" uniqKey="Zurcher K" first="Kathrin" last="Zürcher">Kathrin Zürcher</name><name sortKey="Zwahlen, Marcel" sort="Zwahlen, Marcel" uniqKey="Zwahlen M" first="Marcel" last="Zwahlen">Marcel Zwahlen</name></country><country name="Afrique du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Boulle, Andrew" sort="Boulle, Andrew" uniqKey="Boulle A" first="Andrew" last="Boulle">Andrew Boulle</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Davies, Mary Ann" sort="Davies, Mary Ann" uniqKey="Davies M" first="Mary-Ann" last="Davies">Mary-Ann Davies</name><name sortKey="Fox, Matthew P" sort="Fox, Matthew P" uniqKey="Fox M" first="Matthew P" last="Fox">Matthew P. Fox</name><name sortKey="Prozesky, Hans" sort="Prozesky, Hans" uniqKey="Prozesky H" first="Hans" last="Prozesky">Hans Prozesky</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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