The Burden of Oral Disease among Perinatally HIV-Infected and HIV-Exposed Uninfected Youth
Identifieur interne : 003830 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 003829; suivant : 003831The Burden of Oral Disease among Perinatally HIV-Infected and HIV-Exposed Uninfected Youth
Auteurs : Anna-Barbara Moscicki [États-Unis] ; Tzy-Jyun Yao [États-Unis] ; Mark I. Ryder [États-Unis] ; Jonathan S. Russell [États-Unis] ; Stephen S. Dominy [États-Unis] ; Kunjal Patel [États-Unis] ; Matt Mckenna [États-Unis] ; Russell B. Van Dyke [États-Unis] ; George R. Seage [États-Unis] ; Rohan Hazra [États-Unis]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
To compare oral health parameters in perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) and perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected youth (PHEU).
In a cross-sectional substudy within the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study, participants were examined for number of decayed teeth (DT), Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT), oral mucosal disease, and periodontal disease (PD). Covariates for oral health parameters were examined using zero-inflated negative binomial regression and ordinal logistic regression models.
Eleven sites enrolled 209 PHIV and 126 PHEU. Higher DT scores were observed in participants who were PHIV [Adjusted Mean Ratio (aMR) = 1.7 (95% CI 1.2–2.5)], female [aMR = 1.4 (1.0–1.9)], had no source of regular dental care [aMR = 2.3 (1.5–3.4)], and had a high frequency of meals/snacks [≥5 /day vs 0–3, aMR = 1.9 (1.1–3.1)] and juice/soda [≥5 /day vs 0–3, aMR = 1.6 (1.1–2.4)]. Higher DMFT scores were observed in participants who were older [≥19, aMR = 1.9 (1.2–2.9)], had biological parent as caregiver [aMR = 1.2 (1.0–1.3)], had a high frequency of juice/soda [≥5 /day vs 0–3, aMR = 1.4 (1.1–1.7)] and a low saliva flow rate [mL/min, aMR = 0.8 per unit higher (0.6–1.0)]. Eighty percent had PD; no differences were seen by HIV status using the patient-based classifications of health, gingivitis or mild, moderate, or severe periodontitis. No associations were observed of CD4 count and viral load with oral health outcomes after adjustment.
Oral health was poor in PHIV and PHEU youth. This was dismaying since most HIV infected children in the U.S. are carefully followed at medical health care clinics. This data underscore the need for regular dental care. As PHIV youth were at higher risk for cavities, it will be important to better understand this relationship in order to develop targeted interventions.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156459
PubMed: 27299992
PubMed Central: 4907464
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Ryder</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Russell, Jonathan S" sort="Russell, Jonathan S" uniqKey="Russell J" first="Jonathan S." last="Russell">Jonathan S. Russell</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research (CBAR), Harvard T.H. 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Dominy</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patel, Kunjal" sort="Patel, Kunjal" uniqKey="Patel K" first="Kunjal" last="Patel">Kunjal Patel</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research (CBAR), Harvard T.H. 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Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hazra, Rohan" sort="Hazra, Rohan" uniqKey="Hazra R" first="Rohan" last="Hazra">Rohan Hazra</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Maternal and Pediatric Infectious Disease Branch at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Maternal and Pediatric Infectious Disease Branch at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27299992</idno><idno type="pmc">4907464</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4907464</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4907464</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0156459</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000425</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000425</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000425</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000425</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000451</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000451</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">003830</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The Burden of Oral Disease among Perinatally HIV-Infected and HIV-Exposed Uninfected Youth</title><author><name sortKey="Moscicki, Anna Barbara" sort="Moscicki, Anna Barbara" uniqKey="Moscicki A" first="Anna-Barbara" last="Moscicki">Anna-Barbara Moscicki</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yao, Tzy Jyun" sort="Yao, Tzy Jyun" uniqKey="Yao T" first="Tzy-Jyun" last="Yao">Tzy-Jyun Yao</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research (CBAR), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research (CBAR), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ryder, Mark I" sort="Ryder, Mark I" uniqKey="Ryder M" first="Mark I." last="Ryder">Mark I. Ryder</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Russell, Jonathan S" sort="Russell, Jonathan S" uniqKey="Russell J" first="Jonathan S." last="Russell">Jonathan S. Russell</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research (CBAR), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research (CBAR), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dominy, Stephen S" sort="Dominy, Stephen S" uniqKey="Dominy S" first="Stephen S." last="Dominy">Stephen S. Dominy</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patel, Kunjal" sort="Patel, Kunjal" uniqKey="Patel K" first="Kunjal" last="Patel">Kunjal Patel</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research (CBAR), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research (CBAR), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckenna, Matt" sort="Mckenna, Matt" uniqKey="Mckenna M" first="Matt" last="Mckenna">Matt Mckenna</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research (CBAR), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research (CBAR), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Dyke, Russell B" sort="Van Dyke, Russell B" uniqKey="Van Dyke R" first="Russell B." last="Van Dyke">Russell B. Van Dyke</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seage, George R" sort="Seage, George R" uniqKey="Seage G" first="George R." last="Seage">George R. Seage</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hazra, Rohan" sort="Hazra, Rohan" uniqKey="Hazra R" first="Rohan" last="Hazra">Rohan Hazra</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Maternal and Pediatric Infectious Disease Branch at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Maternal and Pediatric Infectious Disease Branch at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="sec001"><title>Objective</title><p>To compare oral health parameters in perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) and perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected youth (PHEU).</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Methods</title><p>In a cross-sectional substudy within the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study, participants were examined for number of decayed teeth (DT), Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT), oral mucosal disease, and periodontal disease (PD). Covariates for oral health parameters were examined using zero-inflated negative binomial regression and ordinal logistic regression models.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Results</title><p>Eleven sites enrolled 209 PHIV and 126 PHEU. Higher DT scores were observed in participants who were PHIV [Adjusted Mean Ratio (aMR) = 1.7 (95% CI 1.2–2.5)], female [aMR = 1.4 (1.0–1.9)], had no source of regular dental care [aMR = 2.3 (1.5–3.4)], and had a high frequency of meals/snacks [≥5 /day vs 0–3, aMR = 1.9 (1.1–3.1)] and juice/soda [≥5 /day vs 0–3, aMR = 1.6 (1.1–2.4)]. Higher DMFT scores were observed in participants who were older [≥19, aMR = 1.9 (1.2–2.9)], had biological parent as caregiver [aMR = 1.2 (1.0–1.3)], had a high frequency of juice/soda [≥5 /day vs 0–3, aMR = 1.4 (1.1–1.7)] and a low saliva flow rate [mL/min, aMR = 0.8 per unit higher (0.6–1.0)]. Eighty percent had PD; no differences were seen by HIV status using the patient-based classifications of health, gingivitis or mild, moderate, or severe periodontitis. No associations were observed of CD4 count and viral load with oral health outcomes after adjustment.</p></sec><sec id="sec004"><title>Conclusions</title><p>Oral health was poor in PHIV and PHEU youth. This was dismaying since most HIV infected children in the U.S. are carefully followed at medical health care clinics. This data underscore the need for regular dental care. As PHIV youth were at higher risk for cavities, it will be important to better understand this relationship in order to develop targeted interventions.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="General, Surgeon" uniqKey="General S">Surgeon General</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pari, A" uniqKey="Pari A">A Pari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ilango, P" uniqKey="Ilango P">P Ilango</name></author><author><name sortKey="Subbareddy, V" uniqKey="Subbareddy V">V Subbareddy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Katamreddy, V" uniqKey="Katamreddy V">V Katamreddy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parthasarthy, H" uniqKey="Parthasarthy H">H Parthasarthy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jeganathan, S" uniqKey="Jeganathan S">S 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, CA USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27299992</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4907464</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0156459</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-15-53824</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Infectious Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Bacterial Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Caries</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Physiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Digestive Physiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Dentition</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Physiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Digestive Physiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Dentition</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Oral Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Oral Health</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Oral Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Oral Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Periodontal Diseases</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Oral Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Oral Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Periodontal Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Periodontitis</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Oral Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Oral Diseases</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Pediatrics</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Medical Microbiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbial Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Immunodeficiency Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Pathology and Laboratory Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbial Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Immunodeficiency Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Organisms</subject><subj-group><subject>Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Immunodeficiency Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Organisms</subject><subj-group><subject>Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Immunodeficiency Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and life sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Organisms</subject><subj-group><subject>Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>RNA viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Retroviruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Lentivirus</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Medical Microbiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbial Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Retroviruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Lentivirus</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Pathology and Laboratory Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbial Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Retroviruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Lentivirus</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Organisms</subject><subj-group><subject>Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Retroviruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Lentivirus</subject><subj-group><subject>HIV</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The Burden of Oral Disease among Perinatally HIV-Infected and HIV-Exposed Uninfected Youth</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Oral Disease among Perinatally HIV-Infected and HIV-Exposed Uninfected Youth</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id authenticated="true" contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6317-5233</contrib-id><name><surname>Moscicki</surname><given-names>Anna-Barbara</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor001">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yao</surname><given-names>Tzy-Jyun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ryder</surname><given-names>Mark I.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Russell</surname><given-names>Jonathan S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dominy</surname><given-names>Stephen S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff004"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Patel</surname><given-names>Kunjal</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff005"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McKenna</surname><given-names>Matt</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Van Dyke</surname><given-names>Russell B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff006"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Seage</surname><given-names>George R.</given-names><suffix>III</suffix></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff007"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hazra</surname><given-names>Rohan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff008"><sup>8</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>Shiboski</collab><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn001"><sup>¶</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff001"><label>1</label><addr-line>Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff002"><label>2</label><addr-line>Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research (CBAR), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff003"><label>3</label><addr-line>Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff004"><label>4</label><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff005"><label>5</label><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research (CBAR), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff006"><label>6</label><addr-line>Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff007"><label>7</label><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff008"><label>8</label><addr-line>Maternal and Pediatric Infectious Disease Branch at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Thorne</surname><given-names>Claire</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, UNITED KINGDOM</addr-line></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="conflict" id="coi001"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors received support from Westat, Inc. Westat, Inc. provided regulatory services and logistical support but had no additional role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con" id="contrib001"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: ABM CHS MIR SSD RBVD RH. Performed the experiments: CHS MIR. Analyzed the data: TJY GRS JSR MM KP. Wrote the paper: ABM CHS MIR RBVD RH KP TJY JSR GRS.</p></fn><fn fn-type="other" id="fn001"><p>¶ Complete membership of the study group can be found in the Acknowledgments.</p></fn><corresp id="cor001">* E-mail: <email>amoscicki@mednet.ucla.edu</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>6</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>6</issue><elocation-id>e0156459</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>13</day><month>5</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">Creative Commons CC0</ext-link> public domain dedication.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="pone.0156459.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><sec id="sec001"><title>Objective</title><p>To compare oral health parameters in perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) and perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected youth (PHEU).</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Methods</title><p>In a cross-sectional substudy within the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study, participants were examined for number of decayed teeth (DT), Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT), oral mucosal disease, and periodontal disease (PD). Covariates for oral health parameters were examined using zero-inflated negative binomial regression and ordinal logistic regression models.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Results</title><p>Eleven sites enrolled 209 PHIV and 126 PHEU. Higher DT scores were observed in participants who were PHIV [Adjusted Mean Ratio (aMR) = 1.7 (95% CI 1.2–2.5)], female [aMR = 1.4 (1.0–1.9)], had no source of regular dental care [aMR = 2.3 (1.5–3.4)], and had a high frequency of meals/snacks [≥5 /day vs 0–3, aMR = 1.9 (1.1–3.1)] and juice/soda [≥5 /day vs 0–3, aMR = 1.6 (1.1–2.4)]. Higher DMFT scores were observed in participants who were older [≥19, aMR = 1.9 (1.2–2.9)], had biological parent as caregiver [aMR = 1.2 (1.0–1.3)], had a high frequency of juice/soda [≥5 /day vs 0–3, aMR = 1.4 (1.1–1.7)] and a low saliva flow rate [mL/min, aMR = 0.8 per unit higher (0.6–1.0)]. Eighty percent had PD; no differences were seen by HIV status using the patient-based classifications of health, gingivitis or mild, moderate, or severe periodontitis. No associations were observed of CD4 count and viral load with oral health outcomes after adjustment.</p></sec><sec id="sec004"><title>Conclusions</title><p>Oral health was poor in PHIV and PHEU youth. This was dismaying since most HIV infected children in the U.S. are carefully followed at medical health care clinics. This data underscore the need for regular dental care. As PHIV youth were at higher risk for cavities, it will be important to better understand this relationship in order to develop targeted interventions.</p></sec></abstract><funding-group><award-group id="award001"><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="funder-id">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000071</institution-id><institution>National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>HD052102</award-id><principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Seage</surname><given-names>George R.</given-names></name></principal-award-recipient></award-group><award-group id="award002"><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="funder-id">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000071</institution-id><institution>National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>HD052104</award-id><principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Van Dyke</surname><given-names>Russell B.</given-names></name></principal-award-recipient></award-group><award-group id="award003"><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="funder-id">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000072</institution-id><institution>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>HSPH</award-id><principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Seage</surname><given-names>George R.</given-names></name></principal-award-recipient></award-group><funding-statement>This study was supported by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development with cofunding from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the Office of AIDS Research, the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, through cooperative agreements with the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health (HD052102, 3 U01 HD052102-05S1, and 3 U01 HD052102-06S3) (PI: George Seage; Project Director: Julie Alperen) and the Tulane University School of Medicine (HD052104, 3U01 HD052104-06S1) (PI: Russell Van Dyke; Co-PI: Kenneth Rich; Project Director: Patrick Davis). Data management services were provided by Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (PI: Suzanne Siminski), and regulatory services and logistical support were provided by Westat, Inc (PI: Julie Davidson). The funders NICHD have a significant role in study design, data collection, decision to publish and preparation of manuscript. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. Westat, Inc. provided regulatory services, protocol development support and logistical support but had no additional role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="0"></fig-count><table-count count="5"></table-count><page-count count="15"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name><meta-value>Requests for analysis data sets can be made to the PHACS network by following article-related data request instructions on the PHACS website: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://phacsstudy.org/">https://phacsstudy.org/</ext-link> under the Quick Link "Data requests for published articles" or by request to the PHACS Data and Operations Center, at <email>phacs_datarequest@fstrf.org</email>.</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta><notes><title>Data Availability</title><p>Requests for analysis data sets can be made to the PHACS network by following article-related data request instructions on the PHACS website: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://phacsstudy.org/">https://phacsstudy.org/</ext-link> under the Quick Link "Data requests for published articles" or by request to the PHACS Data and Operations Center, at <email>phacs_datarequest@fstrf.org</email>.</p></notes></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Californie</li><li>Louisiane</li><li>Maryland</li><li>Massachusetts</li></region></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Californie"><name sortKey="Moscicki, Anna Barbara" sort="Moscicki, Anna Barbara" uniqKey="Moscicki A" first="Anna-Barbara" last="Moscicki">Anna-Barbara Moscicki</name></region><name sortKey="Dominy, Stephen S" sort="Dominy, Stephen S" uniqKey="Dominy S" first="Stephen S." last="Dominy">Stephen S. Dominy</name><name sortKey="Hazra, Rohan" sort="Hazra, Rohan" uniqKey="Hazra R" first="Rohan" last="Hazra">Rohan Hazra</name><name sortKey="Mckenna, Matt" sort="Mckenna, Matt" uniqKey="Mckenna M" first="Matt" last="Mckenna">Matt Mckenna</name><name sortKey="Patel, Kunjal" sort="Patel, Kunjal" uniqKey="Patel K" first="Kunjal" last="Patel">Kunjal Patel</name><name sortKey="Russell, Jonathan S" sort="Russell, Jonathan S" uniqKey="Russell J" first="Jonathan S." last="Russell">Jonathan S. Russell</name><name sortKey="Ryder, Mark I" sort="Ryder, Mark I" uniqKey="Ryder M" first="Mark I." last="Ryder">Mark I. Ryder</name><name sortKey="Seage, George R" sort="Seage, George R" uniqKey="Seage G" first="George R." last="Seage">George R. Seage</name><name sortKey="Van Dyke, Russell B" sort="Van Dyke, Russell B" uniqKey="Van Dyke R" first="Russell B." last="Van Dyke">Russell B. Van Dyke</name><name sortKey="Yao, Tzy Jyun" sort="Yao, Tzy Jyun" uniqKey="Yao T" first="Tzy-Jyun" last="Yao">Tzy-Jyun Yao</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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