A National Baseline Prevalence Survey of Schistosomiasis in the Philippines Using Stratified Two-Step Systematic Cluster Sampling Design
Identifieur interne : 001675 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 001674; suivant : 001676A National Baseline Prevalence Survey of Schistosomiasis in the Philippines Using Stratified Two-Step Systematic Cluster Sampling Design
Auteurs : Lydia Leonardo [Philippines] ; Pilarita Rivera [Philippines] ; Ofelia Saniel [Philippines] ; Elena Villacorte [Philippines] ; May Antonnette Lebanan [Philippines] ; Bobby Crisostomo [Philippines] ; Leda Hernandez [Philippines] ; Mario Baquilod [Philippines] ; Edgardo Erce [Philippines] ; Ruth Martinez [Philippines] ; Raman Velayudhan [Philippines]Source :
- Journal of Tropical Medicine [ 1687-9686 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
For the first time in the country, a national baseline prevalence survey using a well-defined sampling design such as a stratified two-step systematic cluster sampling was conducted in 2005 to 2008. The purpose of the survey was to stratify the provinces according to prevalence of schistosomiasis such as high, moderate, and low prevalence which in turn would be used as basis for the intervention program to be implemented. The national survey was divided into four phases. Results of the first two phases conducted in Mindanao and the Visayas were published in 2008. Data from the last two phases showed three provinces with prevalence rates higher than endemic provinces surveyed in the first two phases thus changing the overall ranking of endemic provinces at the national level. Age and sex distribution of schistosomiasis remained the same in Luzon and Maguindanao. Soil-transmitted and food-borne helminthes were also recorded in these surveys. This paper deals with the results of the last 2 phases done in Luzon and Maguindanao and integrates all four phases in the discussion.
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2012/936128
PubMed: 22518170
PubMed Central: 3306976
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Rivera</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, 625 Pedro Gil Street, Manila 1000, Philippines</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Philippines</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, 625 Pedro Gil Street, Manila 1000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Manila 1000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saniel, Ofelia" sort="Saniel, Ofelia" uniqKey="Saniel O" first="Ofelia" last="Saniel">Ofelia Saniel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, 625 Pedro Gil Street, Manila 1000, Philippines</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Philippines</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, 625 Pedro Gil Street, Manila 1000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Manila 1000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villacorte, Elena" sort="Villacorte, Elena" uniqKey="Villacorte E" first="Elena" last="Villacorte">Elena Villacorte</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, 625 Pedro Gil Street, Manila 1000, Philippines</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Philippines</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, 625 Pedro Gil Street, Manila 1000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Manila 1000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lebanan, May Antonnette" sort="Lebanan, May Antonnette" uniqKey="Lebanan M" first="May Antonnette" last="Lebanan">May Antonnette Lebanan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, 625 Pedro Gil Street, Manila 1000, Philippines</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Philippines</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, 625 Pedro Gil Street, Manila 1000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Manila 1000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crisostomo, Bobby" sort="Crisostomo, Bobby" uniqKey="Crisostomo B" first="Bobby" last="Crisostomo">Bobby Crisostomo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Philippine Health Insurance Incorporated, Quezon City, Philippines</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Philippines</country><wicri:regionArea>Philippine Health Insurance Incorporated, Quezon City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Quezon City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hernandez, Leda" sort="Hernandez, Leda" uniqKey="Hernandez L" first="Leda" last="Hernandez">Leda Hernandez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">National Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Philippine Department of Health, Santa Cruz, Manila, Philippines</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Philippines</country><wicri:regionArea>National Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Philippine Department of Health, Santa Cruz, Manila</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Manila</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baquilod, Mario" sort="Baquilod, Mario" uniqKey="Baquilod M" first="Mario" last="Baquilod">Mario Baquilod</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">National Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Philippine Department of Health, Santa Cruz, Manila, Philippines</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Philippines</country><wicri:regionArea>National Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Philippine Department of Health, Santa Cruz, Manila</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Manila</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erce, Edgardo" sort="Erce, Edgardo" uniqKey="Erce E" first="Edgardo" last="Erce">Edgardo Erce</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">National Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Philippine Department of Health, Santa Cruz, Manila, Philippines</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Philippines</country><wicri:regionArea>National Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Philippine Department of Health, Santa Cruz, Manila</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Manila</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez, Ruth" sort="Martinez, Ruth" uniqKey="Martinez R" first="Ruth" last="Martinez">Ruth Martinez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">National Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Philippine Department of Health, Santa Cruz, Manila, Philippines</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Philippines</country><wicri:regionArea>National Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Philippine Department of Health, Santa Cruz, Manila</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Manila</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Velayudhan, Raman" sort="Velayudhan, Raman" uniqKey="Velayudhan R" first="Raman" last="Velayudhan">Raman Velayudhan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">World Health Organization, San Lazaro Compound, Santa Cruz, Manila, Philippines</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Philippines</country><wicri:regionArea>World Health Organization, San Lazaro Compound, Santa Cruz, Manila</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Manila</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Tropical Medicine</title><idno type="ISSN">1687-9686</idno><idno type="eISSN">1687-9694</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>For the first time in the country, a national baseline prevalence survey using a well-defined sampling design such as a stratified two-step systematic cluster sampling was conducted in 2005 to 2008. The purpose of the survey was to stratify the provinces according to prevalence of schistosomiasis such as high, moderate, and low prevalence which in turn would be used as basis for the intervention program to be implemented. The national survey was divided into four phases. Results of the first two phases conducted in Mindanao and the Visayas were published in 2008. Data from the last two phases showed three provinces with prevalence rates higher than endemic provinces surveyed in the first two phases thus changing the overall ranking of endemic provinces at the national level. Age and sex distribution of schistosomiasis remained the same in Luzon and Maguindanao. Soil-transmitted and food-borne helminthes were also recorded in these surveys. This paper deals with the results of the last 2 phases done in Luzon and Maguindanao and integrates all four phases in the discussion.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, Ld" uniqKey="Wang L">LD Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Hg" uniqKey="Chen H">HG Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, Jg" uniqKey="Guo J">JG Guo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Blas, Bl" uniqKey="Blas B">BL Blas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rosales, Mi" uniqKey="Rosales M">MI Rosales</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lipayon, Il" uniqKey="Lipayon I">IL Lipayon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yasuraoka, K" uniqKey="Yasuraoka K">K Yasuraoka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Matsuda, H" uniqKey="Matsuda H">H Matsuda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hayashi, M" uniqKey="Hayashi M">M 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Trop Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Trop Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JTM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Tropical Medicine</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1687-9686</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1687-9694</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22518170</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3306976</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2012/936128</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>A National Baseline Prevalence Survey of Schistosomiasis in the Philippines Using Stratified Two-Step Systematic Cluster Sampling Design</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Leonardo</surname><given-names>Lydia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rivera</surname><given-names>Pilarita</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Saniel</surname><given-names>Ofelia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Villacorte</surname><given-names>Elena</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lebanan</surname><given-names>May Antonnette</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Crisostomo</surname><given-names>Bobby</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hernandez</surname><given-names>Leda</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baquilod</surname><given-names>Mario</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Erce</surname><given-names>Edgardo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Martinez</surname><given-names>Ruth</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Velayudhan</surname><given-names>Raman</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, 625 Pedro Gil Street, Manila 1000, Philippines</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Philippine Health Insurance Incorporated, Quezon City, Philippines</aff><aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>National Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Philippine Department of Health, Santa Cruz, Manila, Philippines</aff><aff id="I4"><sup>4</sup>World Health Organization, San Lazaro Compound, Santa Cruz, Manila, Philippines</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Lydia Leonardo: <email>leonardolydia7@gmail.com</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Hans Peter Beck</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>2</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>2012</volume><elocation-id>936128</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>28</day><month>7</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>5</day><month>11</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>9</day><month>11</month><year>2011</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012 Lydia Leonardo et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>For the first time in the country, a national baseline prevalence survey using a well-defined sampling design such as a stratified two-step systematic cluster sampling was conducted in 2005 to 2008. The purpose of the survey was to stratify the provinces according to prevalence of schistosomiasis such as high, moderate, and low prevalence which in turn would be used as basis for the intervention program to be implemented. The national survey was divided into four phases. Results of the first two phases conducted in Mindanao and the Visayas were published in 2008. Data from the last two phases showed three provinces with prevalence rates higher than endemic provinces surveyed in the first two phases thus changing the overall ranking of endemic provinces at the national level. Age and sex distribution of schistosomiasis remained the same in Luzon and Maguindanao. Soil-transmitted and food-borne helminthes were also recorded in these surveys. This paper deals with the results of the last 2 phases done in Luzon and Maguindanao and integrates all four phases in the discussion.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Prevalence of schistosomiasis in Luzon, 2007.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JTM2012-936128.001"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Prevalence of schistosomiasis in Maguindanao by municipalities, 2008.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JTM2012-936128.002"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig3" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Age-specific prevalence of schistosomiasis in Luzon, 2007.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JTM2012-936128.003"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig4" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Field data collected by the schistosomiasis research team, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila 2005–2008.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JTM2012-936128.004"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Prevalence of other helminthic infections in Luzon and Maguindanao, 2007 and 2008.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other helminthic infections</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Luzon</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Maguindanao</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ascariasis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Trichuriasis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hookworm infection</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Heterophyidiasis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taeniasis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Paragonimiasis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Ranking of provinces in Mindanao according to prevalence of schistosomiasis, 2005 and 2008. </p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Rank</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Province</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prevalence</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Region</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Agusan del Sur</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Caraga</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Maguindanao</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ARMM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bukidnon</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Surigao del Sur</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Caraga</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lanao del Norte</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Davao del Norte</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Compostela Valley</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cotabato + Kidapawan</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Marawi City</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ARMM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Surigao del Norte</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Caraga</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Cotabato</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sultan Kudarat</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Davao del Sur + Digos</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Agusan del Norte</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Caraga</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab3" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Prevalence of schistosomiasis in endemic provinces 2005–2008.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Rank</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Name of province</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prevalence (%)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">95% CI</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Region</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mindoro Oriental</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.40–8.80</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4B</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Agusan del Sur</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.10–5.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Caraga</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sorsogon</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.20–5.70</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Northern Samar</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.50–3.70</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Eastern Samar</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00–2.90</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Maguindanao</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.90–3.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ARMM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bukidnon</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00–2.60</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Surigao del Sur</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.70–2.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Caraga</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leyte</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.40–1.70</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lanao del Norte</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.40–1.50</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Davao del Norte</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.30–1.50</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Western Samar</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.10–2.76</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Compostela Valley</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.30–1.50</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Caloocan</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00–3.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NCR</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cotabato + Kidapawan</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.20–1.10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Marawi City</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.10–1.50</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ARMM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cagayan Valley</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.10–1.60</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Surigao del Norte</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.10–0.90</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Caraga</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Cotabato</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00–1.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sultan Kudarat</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00–0.90</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Iloilo</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00–0.70</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Davao del Sur + Digos</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00–0.50</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Agusan del Norte</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00–0.40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Caraga</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab4" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>List of other provinces and cities surveyed in 2005–2008. </p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Name of province</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Region</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zamboanga Sibugay</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zamboanga City</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Camiguin</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Iligan City</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Misamis Occidental</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Misamis Oriental</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">General Santos City</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sarangani</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Capiz</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negros Occidental</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bohol</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negros Oriental</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Apayao</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cordillera administrative region</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ilocos Sur</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Aurora</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Rizal</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4-A</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Manila</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">National capital region</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Quezon City</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">National capital region</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pateros</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">National capital region</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Malabon</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">National capital region</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Philippines</li></country></list><tree><country name="Philippines"><noRegion><name sortKey="Leonardo, Lydia" sort="Leonardo, Lydia" uniqKey="Leonardo L" first="Lydia" last="Leonardo">Lydia Leonardo</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Baquilod, Mario" sort="Baquilod, Mario" uniqKey="Baquilod M" first="Mario" last="Baquilod">Mario Baquilod</name><name sortKey="Crisostomo, Bobby" sort="Crisostomo, Bobby" uniqKey="Crisostomo B" first="Bobby" last="Crisostomo">Bobby Crisostomo</name><name sortKey="Erce, Edgardo" sort="Erce, Edgardo" uniqKey="Erce E" first="Edgardo" last="Erce">Edgardo Erce</name><name sortKey="Hernandez, Leda" sort="Hernandez, Leda" uniqKey="Hernandez L" first="Leda" last="Hernandez">Leda Hernandez</name><name sortKey="Lebanan, May Antonnette" sort="Lebanan, May Antonnette" uniqKey="Lebanan M" first="May Antonnette" last="Lebanan">May Antonnette Lebanan</name><name sortKey="Martinez, Ruth" sort="Martinez, Ruth" uniqKey="Martinez R" first="Ruth" last="Martinez">Ruth Martinez</name><name sortKey="Rivera, Pilarita" sort="Rivera, Pilarita" uniqKey="Rivera P" first="Pilarita" last="Rivera">Pilarita Rivera</name><name sortKey="Saniel, Ofelia" sort="Saniel, Ofelia" uniqKey="Saniel O" first="Ofelia" last="Saniel">Ofelia Saniel</name><name sortKey="Velayudhan, Raman" sort="Velayudhan, Raman" uniqKey="Velayudhan R" first="Raman" last="Velayudhan">Raman Velayudhan</name><name sortKey="Villacorte, Elena" sort="Villacorte, Elena" uniqKey="Villacorte E" first="Elena" last="Villacorte">Elena Villacorte</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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|texte= A National Baseline Prevalence Survey of Schistosomiasis in the Philippines Using Stratified Two-Step Systematic Cluster Sampling Design
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