The Pattern of Variation between Diarrhea and Malaria Coexistence with Corresponding Risk Factors in, Chikhwawa, Malawi: A Bivariate Multilevel Analysis
Identifieur interne : 003202 ( Ncbi/Checkpoint ); précédent : 003201; suivant : 003203The Pattern of Variation between Diarrhea and Malaria Coexistence with Corresponding Risk Factors in, Chikhwawa, Malawi: A Bivariate Multilevel Analysis
Auteurs : Salule Masangwi [Malawi] ; Neil Ferguson ; Anthony Grimason [Afrique du Sud] ; Tracy Morse [Afrique du Sud] ; Lawrence KazembeSource :
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [ 1661-7827 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Developing countries face a huge burden of infectious diseases, a number of which co-exist. This paper estimates the pattern and variation of malaria and diarrhea coexistence in Chikhwawa, a district in Southern Malawi using bivariate multilevel modelling with Bayesian estimation. A probit link was employed to examine hierarchically built data from a survey of individuals (n = 6,727) nested within households (n = 1,380) nested within communities (n = 33). Results show significant malaria [
Url:
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120708526
PubMed: 26197332
PubMed Central: 4515734
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000103
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000103
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 000A00
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 003202
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 003202
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4515734Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The Pattern of Variation between Diarrhea and Malaria Coexistence with Corresponding Risk Factors in, Chikhwawa, Malawi: A Bivariate Multilevel Analysis</title>
<author><name sortKey="Masangwi, Salule" sort="Masangwi, Salule" uniqKey="Masangwi S" first="Salule" last="Masangwi">Salule Masangwi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijerph-12-08526">Centre for Water, Sanitation, Health and Appropriate Technology Development (WASHTED), University of Malawi, The Polytechnic, P/B 303, Blantyre, Malawi; E-Mail:<email>tracythomson@africa-online.net</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-ijerph-12-08526">Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Malawi, The Polytechnic, P/B 303, Blantyre, Malawi</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Malawi</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Malawi, The Polytechnic, P/B 303, Blantyre</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Blantyre</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferguson, Neil" sort="Ferguson, Neil" uniqKey="Ferguson N" first="Neil" last="Ferguson">Neil Ferguson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-ijerph-12-08526">Department of Civil Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK; E-Mail:<email>n.s.ferguson@strath.ac.uk</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grimason, Anthony" sort="Grimason, Anthony" uniqKey="Grimason A" first="Anthony" last="Grimason">Anthony Grimason</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-ijerph-12-08526">Scotland Chikhwawa Health Initiative (SCHI), P.O. Box 30376, Blantyre 3, Malawi; E-Mail:<email>a.m.grimason@strath.ac.uk</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5-ijerph-12-08526">Africa Academy for Environmental Health, P.O. Box 15574, Sinoville 0129, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Africa Academy for Environmental Health, P.O. Box 15574, Sinoville 0129</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Sinoville 0129</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morse, Tracy" sort="Morse, Tracy" uniqKey="Morse T" first="Tracy" last="Morse">Tracy Morse</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijerph-12-08526">Centre for Water, Sanitation, Health and Appropriate Technology Development (WASHTED), University of Malawi, The Polytechnic, P/B 303, Blantyre, Malawi; E-Mail:<email>tracythomson@africa-online.net</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-ijerph-12-08526">Department of Civil Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK; E-Mail:<email>n.s.ferguson@strath.ac.uk</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-ijerph-12-08526">Scotland Chikhwawa Health Initiative (SCHI), P.O. Box 30376, Blantyre 3, Malawi; E-Mail:<email>a.m.grimason@strath.ac.uk</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5-ijerph-12-08526">Africa Academy for Environmental Health, P.O. Box 15574, Sinoville 0129, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Africa Academy for Environmental Health, P.O. Box 15574, Sinoville 0129</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Sinoville 0129</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kazembe, Lawrence" sort="Kazembe, Lawrence" uniqKey="Kazembe L" first="Lawrence" last="Kazembe">Lawrence Kazembe</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af6-ijerph-12-08526">Department of Statistics and Population Studies, 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue, Pionerspark, P/Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia; E-Mail:<email>lkazembe@yahoo.com</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">26197332</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4515734</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4515734</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4515734</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.3390/ijerph120708526</idno>
<date when="2015">2015</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000103</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000103</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000103</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000103</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000A00</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000A00</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">003202</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">003202</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">003202</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The Pattern of Variation between Diarrhea and Malaria Coexistence with Corresponding Risk Factors in, Chikhwawa, Malawi: A Bivariate Multilevel Analysis</title>
<author><name sortKey="Masangwi, Salule" sort="Masangwi, Salule" uniqKey="Masangwi S" first="Salule" last="Masangwi">Salule Masangwi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijerph-12-08526">Centre for Water, Sanitation, Health and Appropriate Technology Development (WASHTED), University of Malawi, The Polytechnic, P/B 303, Blantyre, Malawi; E-Mail:<email>tracythomson@africa-online.net</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-ijerph-12-08526">Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Malawi, The Polytechnic, P/B 303, Blantyre, Malawi</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Malawi</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Malawi, The Polytechnic, P/B 303, Blantyre</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Blantyre</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferguson, Neil" sort="Ferguson, Neil" uniqKey="Ferguson N" first="Neil" last="Ferguson">Neil Ferguson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-ijerph-12-08526">Department of Civil Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK; E-Mail:<email>n.s.ferguson@strath.ac.uk</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grimason, Anthony" sort="Grimason, Anthony" uniqKey="Grimason A" first="Anthony" last="Grimason">Anthony Grimason</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-ijerph-12-08526">Scotland Chikhwawa Health Initiative (SCHI), P.O. Box 30376, Blantyre 3, Malawi; E-Mail:<email>a.m.grimason@strath.ac.uk</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5-ijerph-12-08526">Africa Academy for Environmental Health, P.O. Box 15574, Sinoville 0129, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Africa Academy for Environmental Health, P.O. Box 15574, Sinoville 0129</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Sinoville 0129</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morse, Tracy" sort="Morse, Tracy" uniqKey="Morse T" first="Tracy" last="Morse">Tracy Morse</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijerph-12-08526">Centre for Water, Sanitation, Health and Appropriate Technology Development (WASHTED), University of Malawi, The Polytechnic, P/B 303, Blantyre, Malawi; E-Mail:<email>tracythomson@africa-online.net</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-ijerph-12-08526">Department of Civil Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK; E-Mail:<email>n.s.ferguson@strath.ac.uk</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-ijerph-12-08526">Scotland Chikhwawa Health Initiative (SCHI), P.O. Box 30376, Blantyre 3, Malawi; E-Mail:<email>a.m.grimason@strath.ac.uk</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5-ijerph-12-08526">Africa Academy for Environmental Health, P.O. Box 15574, Sinoville 0129, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Africa Academy for Environmental Health, P.O. Box 15574, Sinoville 0129</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Sinoville 0129</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kazembe, Lawrence" sort="Kazembe, Lawrence" uniqKey="Kazembe L" first="Lawrence" last="Kazembe">Lawrence Kazembe</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af6-ijerph-12-08526">Department of Statistics and Population Studies, 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue, Pionerspark, P/Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia; E-Mail:<email>lkazembe@yahoo.com</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1661-7827</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1660-4601</idno>
<imprint><date when="2015">2015</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Developing countries face a huge burden of infectious diseases, a number of which co-exist. This paper estimates the pattern and variation of malaria and diarrhea coexistence in Chikhwawa, a district in Southern Malawi using bivariate multilevel modelling with Bayesian estimation. A probit link was employed to examine hierarchically built data from a survey of individuals (n = 6,727) nested within households (n = 1,380) nested within communities (n = 33). Results show significant malaria [<inline-formula><mml:math id="mm1"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>σ</mml:mi>
<mml:mrow><mml:mi>u</mml:mi>
<mml:mn>1</mml:mn>
</mml:mrow>
<mml:mn>2</mml:mn>
</mml:msubsup>
<mml:mo>=</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>0.901</mml:mn>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula>
<inline-formula><mml:math id="mm2"><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>95</mml:mn>
<mml:mi>%</mml:mi>
<mml:mtext> </mml:mtext>
<mml:mi>C</mml:mi>
<mml:mi>I</mml:mi>
<mml:mo>:</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>0.746</mml:mn>
<mml:mo>,</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>1.056</mml:mn>
<mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula>
] and diarrhea [<inline-formula><mml:math id="mm3"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>σ</mml:mi>
<mml:mrow><mml:mi>u</mml:mi>
<mml:mn>2</mml:mn>
</mml:mrow>
<mml:mn>2</mml:mn>
</mml:msubsup>
<mml:mo>=</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>1.009</mml:mn>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula>
<inline-formula><mml:math id="mm4"><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>95</mml:mn>
<mml:mi>%</mml:mi>
<mml:mtext> </mml:mtext>
<mml:mi>C</mml:mi>
<mml:mi>I</mml:mi>
<mml:mo>:</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>0.860</mml:mn>
<mml:mo>,</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>1.158</mml:mn>
<mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula>
] variations with a strong correlation between them [<inline-formula><mml:math id="mm5"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mtext>r</mml:mtext>
<mml:mtext>u</mml:mtext>
<mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>1</mml:mn>
<mml:mo>,</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>2</mml:mn>
<mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:msubsup>
<mml:mo>=</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>0.565</mml:mn>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula>
] at household level. There are significant malaria [<inline-formula><mml:math id="mm6"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>σ</mml:mi>
<mml:mrow><mml:mi>v</mml:mi>
<mml:mn>1</mml:mn>
</mml:mrow>
<mml:mn>2</mml:mn>
</mml:msubsup>
<mml:mo>=</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>0.053</mml:mn>
<mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>95</mml:mn>
<mml:mi>%</mml:mi>
<mml:mtext> </mml:mtext>
<mml:mi>C</mml:mi>
<mml:mi>I</mml:mi>
<mml:mo>:</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>0.018</mml:mn>
<mml:mo>,</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>0.088</mml:mn>
<mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula>
] and diarrhea [<inline-formula><mml:math id="mm7"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>σ</mml:mi>
<mml:mrow><mml:mi>v</mml:mi>
<mml:mn>2</mml:mn>
</mml:mrow>
<mml:mn>2</mml:mn>
</mml:msubsup>
<mml:mo>=</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>0.099</mml:mn>
<mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>95</mml:mn>
<mml:mi>%</mml:mi>
<mml:mtext> </mml:mtext>
<mml:mi>C</mml:mi>
<mml:mi>I</mml:mi>
<mml:mo>:</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>0.030</mml:mn>
<mml:mo>,</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>0.168</mml:mn>
<mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula>
] variations at community level but with a small correlation [<inline-formula><mml:math id="mm8"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>r</mml:mi>
<mml:mi>v</mml:mi>
<mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>1</mml:mn>
<mml:mo>,</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>2</mml:mn>
<mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:msubsup>
<mml:mo>=</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>0.124</mml:mn>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula>
] between them. There is also significant correlation between malaria and diarrhea at individual level [<inline-formula><mml:math id="mm9"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mtext>r</mml:mtext>
<mml:mtext>e</mml:mtext>
<mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>1</mml:mn>
<mml:mo>,</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>2</mml:mn>
<mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:msubsup>
<mml:mo>=</mml:mo>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula>
0.241]. These results suggest a close association between reported malaria-like illness and diarrheal illness especially at household and individual levels in Southern Malawi.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tulloch, J" uniqKey="Tulloch J">J. Tulloch</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Victora, C G" uniqKey="Victora C">C.G. Victora</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adam, T" uniqKey="Adam T">T. Adam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bryce, J" uniqKey="Bryce J">J. Bryce</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Evans, D B" uniqKey="Evans D">D.B. Evans</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kazembe, L N" uniqKey="Kazembe L">L.N. Kazembe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muula, A S" uniqKey="Muula A">A.S. Muula</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Appleton, C C" uniqKey="Appleton C">C.C. Appleton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kleinschmidt, I" uniqKey="Kleinschmidt I">I. Kleinschmidt</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fenn, B" uniqKey="Fenn B">B. Fenn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morris, S" uniqKey="Morris S">S. Morris</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Black, R E" uniqKey="Black R">R.E. Black</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kazembe, L N" uniqKey="Kazembe L">L.N. Kazembe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Namangale, J J" uniqKey="Namangale J">J.J. Namangale</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Langford, I H" uniqKey="Langford I">I.H. Langford</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leyland, A" uniqKey="Leyland A">A. Leyland</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rasbash, J" uniqKey="Rasbash J">J. Rasbash</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goldstein, H" uniqKey="Goldstein H">H. Goldstein</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leyland, A" uniqKey="Leyland A">A. Leyland</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Langford, I H" uniqKey="Langford I">I.H. Langford</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rasbash, J" uniqKey="Rasbash J">J. Rasbash</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goldstein, H" uniqKey="Goldstein H">H. Goldstein</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kim, H" uniqKey="Kim H">H. Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sun, D" uniqKey="Sun D">D. Sun</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tsutakawa, R K" uniqKey="Tsutakawa R">R.K. Tsutakawa</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Downing, A" uniqKey="Downing A">A. Downing</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Forman, D" uniqKey="Forman D">D. Forman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gilthorpe, M S" uniqKey="Gilthorpe M">M.S. Gilthorpe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Edwards, K L" uniqKey="Edwards K">K.L. Edwards</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Manda, S O M" uniqKey="Manda S">S.O.M. Manda</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Manda, S O M" uniqKey="Manda S">S.O.M. Manda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leyland, A" uniqKey="Leyland A">A. Leyland</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Masangwi, S J" uniqKey="Masangwi S">S.J. Masangwi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morse, T D" uniqKey="Morse T">T.D. Morse</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferguson, N" uniqKey="Ferguson N">N. Ferguson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zawdie, G" uniqKey="Zawdie G">G. Zawdie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grimason, A M" uniqKey="Grimason A">A.M. Grimason</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kandala, N B" uniqKey="Kandala N">N.B. Kandala</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Magadi, M A" uniqKey="Magadi M">M.A. Magadi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Madise, N J" uniqKey="Madise N">N.J. Madise</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wright, J A" uniqKey="Wright J">J.A Wright</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gundry, S W" uniqKey="Gundry S">S.W. Gundry</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Conroy, R" uniqKey="Conroy R">R. Conroy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wood, D" uniqKey="Wood D">D. Wood</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Preez, M" uniqKey="Preez M">M. Preez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferro Luzzi, A" uniqKey="Ferro Luzzi A">A. Ferro-Luzzi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Genthe, B" uniqKey="Genthe B">B. Genthe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kirimi, M" uniqKey="Kirimi M">M. Kirimi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moyo, S" uniqKey="Moyo S">S. Moyo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mutisi, C" uniqKey="Mutisi C">C. Mutisi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ndamba, J" uniqKey="Ndamba J">J. Ndamba</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Potgieter, N" uniqKey="Potgieter N">N. Potgieter</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gwatkin, D R" uniqKey="Gwatkin D">D.R. Gwatkin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rustein, S" uniqKey="Rustein S">S. Rustein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnson, K" uniqKey="Johnson K">K. Johnson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pande, R P" uniqKey="Pande R">R.P. Pande</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wagstaff, A" uniqKey="Wagstaff A">A. Wagstaff</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Masangwi, S J" uniqKey="Masangwi S">S.J. Masangwi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferguson, N" uniqKey="Ferguson N">N. Ferguson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grimason, A M" uniqKey="Grimason A">A.M. Grimason</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morse, T D" uniqKey="Morse T">T.D. Morse</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zawdie, G" uniqKey="Zawdie G">G. Zawdie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kazembe, L N" uniqKey="Kazembe L">L.N. Kazembe</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Spiegelhalter, D J" uniqKey="Spiegelhalter D">D.J. Spiegelhalter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Best, N G" uniqKey="Best N">N.G. Best</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carlin, B P" uniqKey="Carlin B">B.P. Carlin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Linde, A" uniqKey="Van Der Linde A">A. van der Linde</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leyland, A H" uniqKey="Leyland A">A.H. Leyland</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goldstein, H" uniqKey="Goldstein H">H. Goldstein</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rabash, R" uniqKey="Rabash R">R. Rabash</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Steele, F" uniqKey="Steele F">F. Steele</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Browne, W" uniqKey="Browne W">W. Browne</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Prosser, B" uniqKey="Prosser B">B. Prosser</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Browne, W J" uniqKey="Browne W">W.J. Browne</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kazembe, L N" uniqKey="Kazembe L">L.N. Kazembe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muula, A S" uniqKey="Muula A">A.S. Muula</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Appleton, C C" uniqKey="Appleton C">C.C. Appleton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simoonga, C" uniqKey="Simoonga C">C. Simoonga</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Masangwi, S J" uniqKey="Masangwi S">S.J. Masangwi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Escobar, G J" uniqKey="Escobar G">G.J. Escobar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salazar, E" uniqKey="Salazar E">E. Salazar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chuy, M" uniqKey="Chuy M">M. Chuy</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nakao, R M" uniqKey="Nakao R">R.M. Nakao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kennedy, K I" uniqKey="Kennedy K">K.I. Kennedy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Savina, G" uniqKey="Savina G">G. Savina</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Perera, B J" uniqKey="Perera B">B.J. Perera</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ganesan, S" uniqKey="Ganesan S">S. Ganesan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jayarasa, J" uniqKey="Jayarasa J">J. Jayarasa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ranaweera, S" uniqKey="Ranaweera S">S. Ranaweera</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Morse, T D" uniqKey="Morse T">T.D. Morse</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Agtini, M D" uniqKey="Agtini M">M.D. Agtini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Soeharno, R" uniqKey="Soeharno R">R. Soeharno</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lesmana, M" uniqKey="Lesmana M">M. Lesmana</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Punjabi, N H" uniqKey="Punjabi N">N.H. Punjabi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simanjuntak, C" uniqKey="Simanjuntak C">C. Simanjuntak</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wangsasaputra, F" uniqKey="Wangsasaputra F">F. Wangsasaputra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nurdin, D" uniqKey="Nurdin D">D. Nurdin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pulungsih, P" uniqKey="Pulungsih P">P. Pulungsih</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rofiq, A" uniqKey="Rofiq A">A. Rofiq</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santoso, H" uniqKey="Santoso H">H. Santoso</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pujarwoto, H" uniqKey="Pujarwoto H">H. Pujarwoto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sjahrurachman, A" uniqKey="Sjahrurachman A">A. Sjahrurachman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sudarmono, P" uniqKey="Sudarmono P">P. Sudarmono</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seidlein, L" uniqKey="Seidlein L">L. Seidlein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deen, J L" uniqKey="Deen J">J.L. Deen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ali, M" uniqKey="Ali M">M. Ali</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, H" uniqKey="Lee H">H. Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, D R" uniqKey="Kim D">D.R. Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Han, O" uniqKey="Han O">O. Han</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Park, J K" uniqKey="Park J">J.K. Park</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Suwandono, A" uniqKey="Suwandono A">A. Suwandono</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ingerani1" uniqKey="Ingerani1">Ingerani1</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oyofo, B A" uniqKey="Oyofo B">B.A. Oyofo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Campbell, J R" uniqKey="Campbell J">J.R. Campbell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Beecham, H J" uniqKey="Beecham H">H.J. Beecham</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Corwin, A L" uniqKey="Corwin A">A.L. Corwin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Clemens, J D" uniqKey="Clemens J">J.D. Clemens</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pebley, A R" uniqKey="Pebley A">A.R. Pebley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stupp, P W" uniqKey="Stupp P">P.W. Stupp</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hobcraft, J" uniqKey="Hobcraft J">J. Hobcraft</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pongou, R" uniqKey="Pongou R">R. Pongou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ezzati, M" uniqKey="Ezzati M">M. Ezzati</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salomon, J A" uniqKey="Salomon J">J.A. Salomon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cohen, S" uniqKey="Cohen S">S. Cohen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Williamson, G M" uniqKey="Williamson G">G.M. Williamson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leventhal, H" uniqKey="Leventhal H">H. Leventhal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Patrick Miller, L" uniqKey="Patrick Miller L">L. Patrick-Miller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leventhal, E A" uniqKey="Leventhal E">E.A. Leventhal</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Snow, R W" uniqKey="Snow R">R.W. Snow</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Craig, M" uniqKey="Craig M">M. Craig</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deichmann, U" uniqKey="Deichmann U">U. Deichmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marsh, K" uniqKey="Marsh K">K. Marsh</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Luxemburger, C" uniqKey="Luxemburger C">C. Luxemburger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ricci, F" uniqKey="Ricci F">F. Ricci</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nosten, F" uniqKey="Nosten F">F. Nosten</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raimond, D" uniqKey="Raimond D">D. Raimond</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bathet, S" uniqKey="Bathet S">S. Bathet</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="White, N J" uniqKey="White N">N.J. White</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Connolly, M A" uniqKey="Connolly M">M.A. Connolly</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gayer, M" uniqKey="Gayer M">M. Gayer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ryan, M J" uniqKey="Ryan M">M.J. Ryan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salama, P" uniqKey="Salama P">P. Salama</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spiegel, P" uniqKey="Spiegel P">P. Spiegel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heymann, D L" uniqKey="Heymann D">D.L. Heymann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Filmer, D" uniqKey="Filmer D">D. Filmer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li>
<li>Malawi</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Ferguson, Neil" sort="Ferguson, Neil" uniqKey="Ferguson N" first="Neil" last="Ferguson">Neil Ferguson</name>
<name sortKey="Kazembe, Lawrence" sort="Kazembe, Lawrence" uniqKey="Kazembe L" first="Lawrence" last="Kazembe">Lawrence Kazembe</name>
</noCountry>
<country name="Malawi"><noRegion><name sortKey="Masangwi, Salule" sort="Masangwi, Salule" uniqKey="Masangwi S" first="Salule" last="Masangwi">Salule Masangwi</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Afrique du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Grimason, Anthony" sort="Grimason, Anthony" uniqKey="Grimason A" first="Anthony" last="Grimason">Anthony Grimason</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Morse, Tracy" sort="Morse, Tracy" uniqKey="Morse T" first="Tracy" last="Morse">Tracy Morse</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/SidaSubSaharaV1/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 003202 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 003202 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/Sante |area= SidaSubSaharaV1 |flux= Ncbi |étape= Checkpoint |type= RBID |clé= PMC:4515734 |texte= The Pattern of Variation between Diarrhea and Malaria Coexistence with Corresponding Risk Factors in, Chikhwawa, Malawi: A Bivariate Multilevel Analysis }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:26197332" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a SidaSubSaharaV1
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. | ![]() |