Severe acute respiratory infection in children in a densely populated urban slum in Kenya, 2007–2011
Identifieur interne : 002F95 ( Ncbi/Checkpoint ); précédent : 002F94; suivant : 002F96Severe acute respiratory infection in children in a densely populated urban slum in Kenya, 2007–2011
Auteurs : Robert F. Breiman [Kenya, États-Unis] ; Leonard Cosmas [Kenya] ; M Kariuki Njenga [Kenya, États-Unis] ; John Williamson [Kenya, États-Unis] ; Joshua A. Mott [Kenya] ; Mark A. Katz [Kenya, États-Unis] ; Dean D. Erdman [États-Unis] ; Eileen Schneider [États-Unis] ; M Steven Oberste [États-Unis] ; John C. Neatherlin [Kenya, États-Unis] ; Henry Njuguna [Kenya, États-Unis] ; Daniel M. Ondari [Kenya] ; Kennedy Odero [Kenya] ; George O. Okoth [Kenya] ; Beatrice Olack [Kenya] ; Newton Wamola [Kenya] ; Joel M. Montgomery [Kenya, États-Unis] ; Barry S. Fields [Kenya, États-Unis] ; Daniel R. Feikin [Kenya, États-Unis]Source :
- BMC Infectious Diseases [ 1471-2334 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Reducing acute respiratory infection burden in children in Africa remains a major priority and challenge. We analyzed data from population-based infectious disease surveillance for severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) among children <5 years of age in Kibera, a densely populated urban slum in Nairobi, Kenya.
Surveillance was conducted among a monthly mean of 5,874 (range = 5,778-6,411) children <5 years old in two contiguous villages in Kibera. Participants had free access to the study clinic and their health events and utilization were noted during biweekly home visits. Patients meeting criteria for SARI (WHO-defined severe or very severe pneumonia, or oxygen saturation <90%) from March 1, 2007-February 28, 2011 had blood cultures processed for bacteria, and naso- and oro- pharyngeal swabs collected for quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing for influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses (PIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, and human metapneumovirus (hMPV). Swabs collected during January 1, 2009 – February 28, 2010 were also tested for rhinoviruses, enterovirus, parechovirus,
SARI overall incidence was 12.4 cases/100 person-years of observation (PYO) and 30.4 cases/100 PYO in infants. When comparing detection frequency in swabs from 815 SARI cases and 115 healthy controls, only RSV and influenza A virus were significantly more frequently detected in cases, although similar trends neared statistical significance for PIV, adenovirus and hMPV. The incidence for RSV was 2.8 cases/100 PYO and for influenza A was 1.0 cases/100 PYO. When considering all PIV, the rate was 1.1 case/100 PYO and the rate per 100 PYO for SARI-associated disease was 1.5 for adenovirus and 0.9 for hMPV. RSV and influenza A and B viruses were estimated to account for 16.2% and 6.7% of SARI cases, respectively; when taken together, PIV, adenovirus, and hMPV may account for >20% additional cases.
Influenza viruses and RSV (and possibly PIV, hMPV and adenoviruses) are important pathogens to consider when developing technologies and formulating strategies to treat and prevent SARI in children.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-0827-x
PubMed: 25879805
PubMed Central: 4351931
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000605
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000604
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 000A63
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 002F95
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 002F95
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4351931Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Severe acute respiratory infection in children in a densely populated urban slum in Kenya, 2007–2011</title><author><name sortKey="Breiman, Robert F" sort="Breiman, Robert F" uniqKey="Breiman R" first="Robert F" last="Breiman">Robert F. Breiman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Current address: Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, 1599 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Current address: Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, 1599 Clifton Road, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cosmas, Leonard" sort="Cosmas, Leonard" uniqKey="Cosmas L" first="Leonard" last="Cosmas">Leonard Cosmas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Njenga, M Kariuki" sort="Njenga, M Kariuki" uniqKey="Njenga M" first="M Kariuki" last="Njenga">M Kariuki Njenga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williamson, John" sort="Williamson, John" uniqKey="Williamson J" first="John" last="Williamson">John Williamson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mott, Joshua A" sort="Mott, Joshua A" uniqKey="Mott J" first="Joshua A" last="Mott">Joshua A. Mott</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Katz, Mark A" sort="Katz, Mark A" uniqKey="Katz M" first="Mark A" last="Katz">Mark A. Katz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erdman, Dean D" sort="Erdman, Dean D" uniqKey="Erdman D" first="Dean D" last="Erdman">Dean D. Erdman</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schneider, Eileen" sort="Schneider, Eileen" uniqKey="Schneider E" first="Eileen" last="Schneider">Eileen Schneider</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oberste, M Steven" sort="Oberste, M Steven" uniqKey="Oberste M" first="M Steven" last="Oberste">M Steven Oberste</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neatherlin, John C" sort="Neatherlin, John C" uniqKey="Neatherlin J" first="John C" last="Neatherlin">John C. Neatherlin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Njuguna, Henry" sort="Njuguna, Henry" uniqKey="Njuguna H" first="Henry" last="Njuguna">Henry Njuguna</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ondari, Daniel M" sort="Ondari, Daniel M" uniqKey="Ondari D" first="Daniel M" last="Ondari">Daniel M. Ondari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Odero, Kennedy" sort="Odero, Kennedy" uniqKey="Odero K" first="Kennedy" last="Odero">Kennedy Odero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Okoth, George O" sort="Okoth, George O" uniqKey="Okoth G" first="George O" last="Okoth">George O. Okoth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olack, Beatrice" sort="Olack, Beatrice" uniqKey="Olack B" first="Beatrice" last="Olack">Beatrice Olack</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wamola, Newton" sort="Wamola, Newton" uniqKey="Wamola N" first="Newton" last="Wamola">Newton Wamola</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Montgomery, Joel M" sort="Montgomery, Joel M" uniqKey="Montgomery J" first="Joel M" last="Montgomery">Joel M. Montgomery</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fields, Barry S" sort="Fields, Barry S" uniqKey="Fields B" first="Barry S" last="Fields">Barry S. Fields</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feikin, Daniel R" sort="Feikin, Daniel R" uniqKey="Feikin D" first="Daniel R" last="Feikin">Daniel R. Feikin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25879805</idno><idno type="pmc">4351931</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4351931</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4351931</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s12879-015-0827-x</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000605</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000605</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000604</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000604</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000A63</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000A63</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002F95</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">002F95</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">002F95</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Severe acute respiratory infection in children in a densely populated urban slum in Kenya, 2007–2011</title><author><name sortKey="Breiman, Robert F" sort="Breiman, Robert F" uniqKey="Breiman R" first="Robert F" last="Breiman">Robert F. Breiman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Current address: Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, 1599 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Current address: Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, 1599 Clifton Road, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cosmas, Leonard" sort="Cosmas, Leonard" uniqKey="Cosmas L" first="Leonard" last="Cosmas">Leonard Cosmas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Njenga, M Kariuki" sort="Njenga, M Kariuki" uniqKey="Njenga M" first="M Kariuki" last="Njenga">M Kariuki Njenga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williamson, John" sort="Williamson, John" uniqKey="Williamson J" first="John" last="Williamson">John Williamson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mott, Joshua A" sort="Mott, Joshua A" uniqKey="Mott J" first="Joshua A" last="Mott">Joshua A. Mott</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Katz, Mark A" sort="Katz, Mark A" uniqKey="Katz M" first="Mark A" last="Katz">Mark A. Katz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erdman, Dean D" sort="Erdman, Dean D" uniqKey="Erdman D" first="Dean D" last="Erdman">Dean D. Erdman</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schneider, Eileen" sort="Schneider, Eileen" uniqKey="Schneider E" first="Eileen" last="Schneider">Eileen Schneider</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oberste, M Steven" sort="Oberste, M Steven" uniqKey="Oberste M" first="M Steven" last="Oberste">M Steven Oberste</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neatherlin, John C" sort="Neatherlin, John C" uniqKey="Neatherlin J" first="John C" last="Neatherlin">John C. Neatherlin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Njuguna, Henry" sort="Njuguna, Henry" uniqKey="Njuguna H" first="Henry" last="Njuguna">Henry Njuguna</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ondari, Daniel M" sort="Ondari, Daniel M" uniqKey="Ondari D" first="Daniel M" last="Ondari">Daniel M. Ondari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Odero, Kennedy" sort="Odero, Kennedy" uniqKey="Odero K" first="Kennedy" last="Odero">Kennedy Odero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Okoth, George O" sort="Okoth, George O" uniqKey="Okoth G" first="George O" last="Okoth">George O. Okoth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olack, Beatrice" sort="Olack, Beatrice" uniqKey="Olack B" first="Beatrice" last="Olack">Beatrice Olack</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wamola, Newton" sort="Wamola, Newton" uniqKey="Wamola N" first="Newton" last="Wamola">Newton Wamola</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Montgomery, Joel M" sort="Montgomery, Joel M" uniqKey="Montgomery J" first="Joel M" last="Montgomery">Joel M. Montgomery</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fields, Barry S" sort="Fields, Barry S" uniqKey="Fields B" first="Barry S" last="Fields">Barry S. Fields</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feikin, Daniel R" sort="Feikin, Daniel R" uniqKey="Feikin D" first="Daniel R" last="Feikin">Daniel R. Feikin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Division and Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Kenya office), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC Infectious Diseases</title><idno type="eISSN">1471-2334</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Reducing acute respiratory infection burden in children in Africa remains a major priority and challenge. We analyzed data from population-based infectious disease surveillance for severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) among children <5 years of age in Kibera, a densely populated urban slum in Nairobi, Kenya.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Surveillance was conducted among a monthly mean of 5,874 (range = 5,778-6,411) children <5 years old in two contiguous villages in Kibera. Participants had free access to the study clinic and their health events and utilization were noted during biweekly home visits. Patients meeting criteria for SARI (WHO-defined severe or very severe pneumonia, or oxygen saturation <90%) from March 1, 2007-February 28, 2011 had blood cultures processed for bacteria, and naso- and oro- pharyngeal swabs collected for quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing for influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses (PIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, and human metapneumovirus (hMPV). Swabs collected during January 1, 2009 – February 28, 2010 were also tested for rhinoviruses, enterovirus, parechovirus, <italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</italic>, and <italic>Legionella</italic> species. Swabs were collected for simultaneous testing from a selected group of control-children visiting the clinic without recent respiratory or diarrheal illnesses.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>SARI overall incidence was 12.4 cases/100 person-years of observation (PYO) and 30.4 cases/100 PYO in infants. When comparing detection frequency in swabs from 815 SARI cases and 115 healthy controls, only RSV and influenza A virus were significantly more frequently detected in cases, although similar trends neared statistical significance for PIV, adenovirus and hMPV. The incidence for RSV was 2.8 cases/100 PYO and for influenza A was 1.0 cases/100 PYO. When considering all PIV, the rate was 1.1 case/100 PYO and the rate per 100 PYO for SARI-associated disease was 1.5 for adenovirus and 0.9 for hMPV. RSV and influenza A and B viruses were estimated to account for 16.2% and 6.7% of SARI cases, respectively; when taken together, PIV, adenovirus, and hMPV may account for >20% additional cases.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Influenza viruses and RSV (and possibly PIV, hMPV and adenoviruses) are important pathogens to consider when developing technologies and formulating strategies to treat and prevent SARI in children.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Black, Re" uniqKey="Black R">RE Black</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cousens, S" uniqKey="Cousens S">S Cousens</name></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Hl" uniqKey="Johnson H">HL Johnson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lawn, Je" uniqKey="Lawn J">JE Lawn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rudan, I" uniqKey="Rudan I">I Rudan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bassani, Dg" uniqKey="Bassani D">DG Bassani</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Greenwood, Bm" uniqKey="Greenwood B">BM Greenwood</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weber, Mw" uniqKey="Weber M">MW Weber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mulholland, K" uniqKey="Mulholland K">K Mulholland</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rudan, I" uniqKey="Rudan I">I Rudan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boschi Pinto, C" uniqKey="Boschi Pinto C">C Boschi-Pinto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Biloglav, Z" uniqKey="Biloglav Z">Z Biloglav</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mulholland, K" uniqKey="Mulholland K">K Mulholland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, H" uniqKey="Campbell H">H Campbell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rudan, I" uniqKey="Rudan I">I Rudan</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Arifeen, S" uniqKey="El Arifeen S">S El Arifeen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bhutta, Za" uniqKey="Bhutta Z">ZA Bhutta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Black, Re" uniqKey="Black R">RE Black</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brooks, A" uniqKey="Brooks A">A Brooks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Ky" uniqKey="Chan K">KY Chan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Berman, S" uniqKey="Berman S">S Berman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Denny, Fw" uniqKey="Denny F">FW Denny</name></author><author><name sortKey="Loda, Fa" uniqKey="Loda F">FA Loda</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liu, L" uniqKey="Liu L">L Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Hl" uniqKey="Johnson H">HL Johnson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cousens, S" uniqKey="Cousens S">S Cousens</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perin, J" uniqKey="Perin J">J Perin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, S" uniqKey="Scott S">S Scott</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lawn, Je" uniqKey="Lawn J">JE Lawn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lozano, R" uniqKey="Lozano R">R Lozano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naghavi, M" uniqKey="Naghavi M">M Naghavi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Foreman, K" uniqKey="Foreman K">K Foreman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, S" uniqKey="Lim S">S Lim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shibuya, K" uniqKey="Shibuya K">K Shibuya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aboyans, V" uniqKey="Aboyans V">V Aboyans</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shann, F" uniqKey="Shann F">F Shann</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Selwyn, Bj" uniqKey="Selwyn B">BJ Selwyn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scott, Ja" uniqKey="Scott J">JA Scott</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brooks, Wa" uniqKey="Brooks W">WA Brooks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peiris, Js" uniqKey="Peiris J">JS Peiris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Holtzman, D" uniqKey="Holtzman D">D Holtzman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mulholland, Ek" uniqKey="Mulholland E">EK Mulholland</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Levine, Os" uniqKey="Levine O">OS Levine</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Brien, Kl" uniqKey="O Brien K">KL O'Brien</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deloria Knoll, M" uniqKey="Deloria Knoll M">M Deloria-Knoll</name></author><author><name sortKey="Murdoch, Dr" uniqKey="Murdoch D">DR Murdoch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feikin, Dr" uniqKey="Feikin D">DR Feikin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deluca, An" uniqKey="Deluca A">AN DeLuca</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ruuskanen, O" uniqKey="Ruuskanen O">O Ruuskanen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lahti, E" uniqKey="Lahti E">E Lahti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jennings, Lc" uniqKey="Jennings L">LC Jennings</name></author><author><name sortKey="Murdoch, Dr" uniqKey="Murdoch D">DR Murdoch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Murdoch, Dr" uniqKey="Murdoch D">DR Murdoch</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Brien, Kl" uniqKey="O Brien K">KL O'Brien</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, Ja" uniqKey="Scott J">JA Scott</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karron, Ra" uniqKey="Karron R">RA Karron</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bhat, N" uniqKey="Bhat N">N Bhat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Driscoll, Aj" uniqKey="Driscoll A">AJ Driscoll</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kim, Cy" uniqKey="Kim C">CY Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Breiman, Rf" uniqKey="Breiman R">RF Breiman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cosmas, L" uniqKey="Cosmas L">L Cosmas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Audi, A" uniqKey="Audi A">A Audi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aura, B" uniqKey="Aura B">B Aura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bigogo, G" uniqKey="Bigogo G">G Bigogo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Burton, Dc" uniqKey="Burton D">DC Burton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Flannery, B" uniqKey="Flannery B">B Flannery</name></author><author><name sortKey="Onyango, B" uniqKey="Onyango B">B Onyango</name></author><author><name sortKey="Larson, C" uniqKey="Larson C">C Larson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alaii, J" uniqKey="Alaii J">J Alaii</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, X" uniqKey="Zhang X">X Zhang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breiman, Rf" uniqKey="Breiman R">RF Breiman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olack, B" uniqKey="Olack B">B Olack</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shultz, A" uniqKey="Shultz A">A Shultz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roder, S" uniqKey="Roder S">S Roder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kimani, K" uniqKey="Kimani K">K Kimani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feikin, Dr" uniqKey="Feikin D">DR Feikin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Feikin, Dr" uniqKey="Feikin D">DR Feikin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olack, B" uniqKey="Olack B">B Olack</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bigogo, Gm" uniqKey="Bigogo G">GM Bigogo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Audi, A" uniqKey="Audi A">A Audi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cosmas, L" uniqKey="Cosmas L">L Cosmas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aura, B" uniqKey="Aura B">B Aura</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Njuguna, Hn" uniqKey="Njuguna H">HN Njuguna</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cosmas, L" uniqKey="Cosmas L">L Cosmas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Williamson, J" uniqKey="Williamson J">J Williamson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nyachieo, D" uniqKey="Nyachieo D">D Nyachieo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olack, B" uniqKey="Olack B">B Olack</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ochieng, Jb" uniqKey="Ochieng J">JB Ochieng</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Olack, B" uniqKey="Olack B">B Olack</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feikin, Dr" uniqKey="Feikin D">DR Feikin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cosmas, Lo" uniqKey="Cosmas L">LO Cosmas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Odero, Ko" uniqKey="Odero K">KO Odero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Okoth, Go" uniqKey="Okoth G">GO Okoth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Montgomery, Jm" uniqKey="Montgomery J">JM Montgomery</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcnarry, Af" uniqKey="Mcnarry A">AF McNarry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goldhill, Dr" uniqKey="Goldhill D">DR Goldhill</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kodani, M" uniqKey="Kodani M">M Kodani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, G" uniqKey="Yang G">G Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Conklin, Lm" uniqKey="Conklin L">LM Conklin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Travis, Tc" uniqKey="Travis T">TC Travis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Whitney, Cg" uniqKey="Whitney C">CG Whitney</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Lj" uniqKey="Anderson L">LJ Anderson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lu, X" uniqKey="Lu X">X Lu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Holloway, B" uniqKey="Holloway B">B Holloway</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dare, Rk" uniqKey="Dare R">RK Dare</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kuypers, J" uniqKey="Kuypers J">J Kuypers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yagi, S" uniqKey="Yagi S">S Yagi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Jv" uniqKey="Williams J">JV Williams</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nix, Wa" uniqKey="Nix W">WA Nix</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maher, K" uniqKey="Maher K">K Maher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Johansson, Es" uniqKey="Johansson E">ES Johansson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Niklasson, B" uniqKey="Niklasson B">B Niklasson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lindberg, Am" uniqKey="Lindberg A">AM Lindberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pallansch, Ma" uniqKey="Pallansch M">MA Pallansch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gikunju, S" uniqKey="Gikunju S">S Gikunju</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schneider, E" uniqKey="Schneider E">E Schneider</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feikin, D" uniqKey="Feikin D">D Feikin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mailu, E" uniqKey="Mailu E">E Mailu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ochieng, M" uniqKey="Ochieng M">M Ochieng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Whitaker, B" uniqKey="Whitaker B">B Whitaker</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thurman, Ka" uniqKey="Thurman K">KA Thurman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Warner, Ak" uniqKey="Warner A">AK Warner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cowart, Kc" uniqKey="Cowart K">KC Cowart</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benitez, Aj" uniqKey="Benitez A">AJ Benitez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Winchell, Jm" uniqKey="Winchell J">JM Winchell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bickel, Pj" uniqKey="Bickel P">PJ Bickel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Singleton, Rj" uniqKey="Singleton R">RJ Singleton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bulkow, Lr" uniqKey="Bulkow L">LR Bulkow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miernyk, K" uniqKey="Miernyk K">K Miernyk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Debyle, C" uniqKey="Debyle C">C DeByle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pruitt, L" uniqKey="Pruitt L">L Pruitt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hummel, Kb" uniqKey="Hummel K">KB Hummel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breiman, Rf" uniqKey="Breiman R">RF Breiman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cosmas, L" uniqKey="Cosmas L">L Cosmas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Njuguna, H" uniqKey="Njuguna H">H Njuguna</name></author><author><name sortKey="Audi, A" uniqKey="Audi A">A Audi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olack, B" uniqKey="Olack B">B Olack</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ochieng, Jb" uniqKey="Ochieng J">JB Ochieng</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miettinen, Os" uniqKey="Miettinen O">OS Miettinen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Blackwelder, Wc" uniqKey="Blackwelder W">WC Blackwelder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Biswas, K" uniqKey="Biswas K">K Biswas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Y" uniqKey="Wu Y">Y Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kotloff, Kl" uniqKey="Kotloff K">KL Kotloff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farag, Th" uniqKey="Farag T">TH Farag</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nasrin, D" uniqKey="Nasrin D">D Nasrin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thompson, Mg" uniqKey="Thompson M">MG Thompson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Breiman, Rf" uniqKey="Breiman R">RF Breiman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hamel, Mj" uniqKey="Hamel M">MJ Hamel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Desai, M" uniqKey="Desai M">M Desai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Emukule, G" uniqKey="Emukule G">G Emukule</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khagayi, S" uniqKey="Khagayi S">S Khagayi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weber, Mw" uniqKey="Weber M">MW Weber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mulholland, Ek" uniqKey="Mulholland E">EK Mulholland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greenwood, Bm" uniqKey="Greenwood B">BM Greenwood</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nair, H" uniqKey="Nair H">H Nair</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nokes, Dj" uniqKey="Nokes D">DJ Nokes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gessner, Bd" uniqKey="Gessner B">BD Gessner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dherani, M" uniqKey="Dherani M">M Dherani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Madhi, Sa" uniqKey="Madhi S">SA Madhi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Singleton, Rj" uniqKey="Singleton R">RJ Singleton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Katz, Ma" uniqKey="Katz M">MA Katz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schoub, Bd" uniqKey="Schoub B">BD Schoub</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heraud, Jm" uniqKey="Heraud J">JM Heraud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Breiman, Rf" uniqKey="Breiman R">RF Breiman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Njenga, Mk" uniqKey="Njenga M">MK Njenga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Widdowson, Ma" uniqKey="Widdowson M">MA Widdowson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Radin, Jm" uniqKey="Radin J">JM Radin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Katz, Ma" uniqKey="Katz M">MA Katz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tempia, S" uniqKey="Tempia S">S Tempia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Talla Nzussouo, N" uniqKey="Talla Nzussouo N">N Talla Nzussouo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Davis, R" uniqKey="Davis R">R Davis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Duque, J" uniqKey="Duque J">J Duque</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nair, H" uniqKey="Nair H">H Nair</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brooks, Wa" uniqKey="Brooks W">WA Brooks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Katz, M" uniqKey="Katz M">M Katz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roca, A" uniqKey="Roca A">A Roca</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berkley, Ja" uniqKey="Berkley J">JA Berkley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Madhi, Sa" uniqKey="Madhi S">SA Madhi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Viboud, C" uniqKey="Viboud C">C Viboud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alonso, Wj" uniqKey="Alonso W">WJ Alonso</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonsen, L" uniqKey="Simonsen L">L Simonsen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hai, Lt" uniqKey="Hai L">LT Hai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bich, Vtn" uniqKey="Bich V">VTN Bich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ngai, Lk" uniqKey="Ngai L">LK Ngai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Diep, Ntn" uniqKey="Diep N">NTN Diep</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phuc, Ph" uniqKey="Phuc P">PH Phuc</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hung, Vp" uniqKey="Hung V">VP Hung</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Briese, T" uniqKey="Briese T">T Briese</name></author><author><name sortKey="Renwick, N" uniqKey="Renwick N">N Renwick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Venter, M" uniqKey="Venter M">M Venter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jarman, Rg" uniqKey="Jarman R">RG Jarman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ghosh, D" uniqKey="Ghosh D">D Ghosh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kondgen, S" uniqKey="Kondgen S">S Kondgen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, Wm" uniqKey="Lee W">WM Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kiesner, C" uniqKey="Kiesner C">C Kiesner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pappas, T" uniqKey="Pappas T">T Pappas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, I" uniqKey="Lee I">I Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grindle, K" uniqKey="Grindle K">K Grindle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jartti, T" uniqKey="Jartti T">T Jartti</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoffmann, J" uniqKey="Hoffmann J">J Hoffmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rabezanahary, H" uniqKey="Rabezanahary H">H Rabezanahary</name></author><author><name sortKey="Randriamarotia, M" uniqKey="Randriamarotia M">M Randriamarotia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ratsimbasoa, A" uniqKey="Ratsimbasoa A">A Ratsimbasoa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Najjar, J" uniqKey="Najjar J">J Najjar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vernet, G" uniqKey="Vernet G">G Vernet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Touati, A" uniqKey="Touati A">A Touati</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pereyre, S" uniqKey="Pereyre S">S Pereyre</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bouziri, A" uniqKey="Bouziri A">A Bouziri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Achour, W" uniqKey="Achour W">W Achour</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khaldi, A" uniqKey="Khaldi A">A Khaldi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ben Jaballah, N" uniqKey="Ben Jaballah N">N Ben Jaballah</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Garnett, Ct" uniqKey="Garnett C">CT Garnett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Erdman, D" uniqKey="Erdman D">D Erdman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, W" uniqKey="Xu W">W Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gooding, Lr" uniqKey="Gooding L">LR Gooding</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hammitt, Ll" uniqKey="Hammitt L">LL Hammitt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kazungu, S" uniqKey="Kazungu S">S Kazungu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morpeth, Sc" uniqKey="Morpeth S">SC Morpeth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gibson, Dg" uniqKey="Gibson D">DG Gibson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mvera, B" uniqKey="Mvera B">B Mvera</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brent, Aj" uniqKey="Brent A">AJ Brent</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="O Rien, Kl" uniqKey="O Rien K">KL O’Brien</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wolfson, Lj" uniqKey="Wolfson L">LJ Wolfson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Watt, Jp" uniqKey="Watt J">JP Watt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Henkle, E" uniqKey="Henkle E">E Henkle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deloria Knoll, M" uniqKey="Deloria Knoll M">M Deloria-Knoll</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mccall, N" uniqKey="Mccall N">N McCall</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tabu, C" uniqKey="Tabu C">C Tabu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Breiman, Rf" uniqKey="Breiman R">RF Breiman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ochieng, B" uniqKey="Ochieng B">B Ochieng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aura, B" uniqKey="Aura B">B Aura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cosmas, L" uniqKey="Cosmas L">L Cosmas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Audi, A" uniqKey="Audi A">A Audi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Madhi, Sa" uniqKey="Madhi S">SA Madhi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Petersen, K" uniqKey="Petersen K">K Petersen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Madhi, A" uniqKey="Madhi A">A Madhi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khoosal, M" uniqKey="Khoosal M">M Khoosal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klugman, Kp" uniqKey="Klugman K">KP Klugman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Aw" uniqKey="Johnson A">AW Johnson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osinusi, K" uniqKey="Osinusi K">K Osinusi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aderele, Wi" uniqKey="Aderele W">WI Aderele</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gbadero, Da" uniqKey="Gbadero D">DA Gbadero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olaleye, Od" uniqKey="Olaleye O">OD Olaleye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adeyemi Doro, Fa" uniqKey="Adeyemi Doro F">FA Adeyemi-Doro</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cutts, Ft" uniqKey="Cutts F">FT Cutts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zaman, Sm" uniqKey="Zaman S">SM Zaman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Enwere, G" uniqKey="Enwere G">G Enwere</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jaffar, S" uniqKey="Jaffar S">S Jaffar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Levine, Os" uniqKey="Levine O">OS Levine</name></author><author><name sortKey="Okoko, Jb" uniqKey="Okoko J">JB Okoko</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sung, Ry" uniqKey="Sung R">RY Sung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Pk" uniqKey="Chan P">PK Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, Kc" uniqKey="Choi K">KC Choi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yeung, Ac" uniqKey="Yeung A">AC Yeung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Am" uniqKey="Li A">AM Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Jw" uniqKey="Tang J">JW Tang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Martin, Et" uniqKey="Martin E">ET Martin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kuypers, J" uniqKey="Kuypers J">J Kuypers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heugel, J" uniqKey="Heugel J">J Heugel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Englund, Ja" uniqKey="Englund J">JA Englund</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="El Saleeby, Cm" uniqKey="El Saleeby C">CM El Saleeby</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bush, Aj" uniqKey="Bush A">AJ Bush</name></author><author><name sortKey="Harrison, Lm" uniqKey="Harrison L">LM Harrison</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aitken, Ja" uniqKey="Aitken J">JA Aitken</name></author><author><name sortKey="Devincenzo, Jp" uniqKey="Devincenzo J">JP Devincenzo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Lj" uniqKey="Anderson L">LJ Anderson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baric, Rs" uniqKey="Baric R">RS Baric</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Debiaggi, M" uniqKey="Debiaggi M">M Debiaggi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Canducci, F" uniqKey="Canducci F">F Canducci</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ceresola, Er" uniqKey="Ceresola E">ER Ceresola</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clementi, M" uniqKey="Clementi M">M Clementi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Raoult, D" uniqKey="Raoult D">D Raoult</name></author><author><name sortKey="La Scola, B" uniqKey="La Scola B">B La Scola</name></author><author><name sortKey="Birtles, R" uniqKey="Birtles R">R Birtles</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ayieko, P" uniqKey="Ayieko P">P Ayieko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Griffiths, Uk" uniqKey="Griffiths U">UK Griffiths</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ndiritu, M" uniqKey="Ndiritu M">M Ndiritu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moisi, J" uniqKey="Moisi J">J Moisi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mugoya, Ik" uniqKey="Mugoya I">IK Mugoya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kamau, T" uniqKey="Kamau T">T Kamau</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Lj" uniqKey="Anderson L">LJ Anderson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dormitzer, Pr" uniqKey="Dormitzer P">PR Dormitzer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nokes, Dj" uniqKey="Nokes D">DJ Nokes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rappuoli, R" uniqKey="Rappuoli R">R Rappuoli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roca, A" uniqKey="Roca A">A Roca</name></author><author><name sortKey="Graham, Bs" uniqKey="Graham B">BS Graham</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chen, Z" uniqKey="Chen Z">Z Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, P" uniqKey="Xu P">P Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Salyards, Gw" uniqKey="Salyards G">GW Salyards</name></author><author><name sortKey="Harvey, Sb" uniqKey="Harvey S">SB Harvey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rada, B" uniqKey="Rada B">B Rada</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fu, Zf" uniqKey="Fu Z">ZF Fu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Luby, Sp" uniqKey="Luby S">SP Luby</name></author><author><name sortKey="Agboatwalla, M" uniqKey="Agboatwalla M">M Agboatwalla</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feikin, Dr" uniqKey="Feikin D">DR Feikin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Painter, J" uniqKey="Painter J">J Painter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Billhimer, W" uniqKey="Billhimer W">W Billhimer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Altaf, A" uniqKey="Altaf A">A Altaf</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smith, Kr" uniqKey="Smith K">KR Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mccracken, Jp" uniqKey="Mccracken J">JP McCracken</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weber, Mw" uniqKey="Weber M">MW Weber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hubbard, A" uniqKey="Hubbard A">A Hubbard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jenny, A" uniqKey="Jenny A">A Jenny</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, Lm" uniqKey="Thompson L">LM Thompson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Kenya</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Géorgie (États-Unis)</li></region></list><tree><country name="Kenya"><noRegion><name sortKey="Breiman, Robert F" sort="Breiman, Robert F" uniqKey="Breiman R" first="Robert F" last="Breiman">Robert F. Breiman</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Cosmas, Leonard" sort="Cosmas, Leonard" uniqKey="Cosmas L" first="Leonard" last="Cosmas">Leonard Cosmas</name><name sortKey="Feikin, Daniel R" sort="Feikin, Daniel R" uniqKey="Feikin D" first="Daniel R" last="Feikin">Daniel R. Feikin</name><name sortKey="Fields, Barry S" sort="Fields, Barry S" uniqKey="Fields B" first="Barry S" last="Fields">Barry S. Fields</name><name sortKey="Katz, Mark A" sort="Katz, Mark A" uniqKey="Katz M" first="Mark A" last="Katz">Mark A. Katz</name><name sortKey="Montgomery, Joel M" sort="Montgomery, Joel M" uniqKey="Montgomery J" first="Joel M" last="Montgomery">Joel M. Montgomery</name><name sortKey="Mott, Joshua A" sort="Mott, Joshua A" uniqKey="Mott J" first="Joshua A" last="Mott">Joshua A. Mott</name><name sortKey="Neatherlin, John C" sort="Neatherlin, John C" uniqKey="Neatherlin J" first="John C" last="Neatherlin">John C. Neatherlin</name><name sortKey="Njenga, M Kariuki" sort="Njenga, M Kariuki" uniqKey="Njenga M" first="M Kariuki" last="Njenga">M Kariuki Njenga</name><name sortKey="Njenga, M Kariuki" sort="Njenga, M Kariuki" uniqKey="Njenga M" first="M Kariuki" last="Njenga">M Kariuki Njenga</name><name sortKey="Njuguna, Henry" sort="Njuguna, Henry" uniqKey="Njuguna H" first="Henry" last="Njuguna">Henry Njuguna</name><name sortKey="Odero, Kennedy" sort="Odero, Kennedy" uniqKey="Odero K" first="Kennedy" last="Odero">Kennedy Odero</name><name sortKey="Okoth, George O" sort="Okoth, George O" uniqKey="Okoth G" first="George O" last="Okoth">George O. Okoth</name><name sortKey="Olack, Beatrice" sort="Olack, Beatrice" uniqKey="Olack B" first="Beatrice" last="Olack">Beatrice Olack</name><name sortKey="Ondari, Daniel M" sort="Ondari, Daniel M" uniqKey="Ondari D" first="Daniel M" last="Ondari">Daniel M. Ondari</name><name sortKey="Wamola, Newton" sort="Wamola, Newton" uniqKey="Wamola N" first="Newton" last="Wamola">Newton Wamola</name><name sortKey="Williamson, John" sort="Williamson, John" uniqKey="Williamson J" first="John" last="Williamson">John Williamson</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Géorgie (États-Unis)"><name sortKey="Breiman, Robert F" sort="Breiman, Robert F" uniqKey="Breiman R" first="Robert F" last="Breiman">Robert F. Breiman</name></region><name sortKey="Breiman, Robert F" sort="Breiman, Robert F" uniqKey="Breiman R" first="Robert F" last="Breiman">Robert F. Breiman</name><name sortKey="Erdman, Dean D" sort="Erdman, Dean D" uniqKey="Erdman D" first="Dean D" last="Erdman">Dean D. Erdman</name><name sortKey="Feikin, Daniel R" sort="Feikin, Daniel R" uniqKey="Feikin D" first="Daniel R" last="Feikin">Daniel R. Feikin</name><name sortKey="Feikin, Daniel R" sort="Feikin, Daniel R" uniqKey="Feikin D" first="Daniel R" last="Feikin">Daniel R. Feikin</name><name sortKey="Fields, Barry S" sort="Fields, Barry S" uniqKey="Fields B" first="Barry S" last="Fields">Barry S. Fields</name><name sortKey="Katz, Mark A" sort="Katz, Mark A" uniqKey="Katz M" first="Mark A" last="Katz">Mark A. Katz</name><name sortKey="Montgomery, Joel M" sort="Montgomery, Joel M" uniqKey="Montgomery J" first="Joel M" last="Montgomery">Joel M. Montgomery</name><name sortKey="Neatherlin, John C" sort="Neatherlin, John C" uniqKey="Neatherlin J" first="John C" last="Neatherlin">John C. Neatherlin</name><name sortKey="Njenga, M Kariuki" sort="Njenga, M Kariuki" uniqKey="Njenga M" first="M Kariuki" last="Njenga">M Kariuki Njenga</name><name sortKey="Njuguna, Henry" sort="Njuguna, Henry" uniqKey="Njuguna H" first="Henry" last="Njuguna">Henry Njuguna</name><name sortKey="Oberste, M Steven" sort="Oberste, M Steven" uniqKey="Oberste M" first="M Steven" last="Oberste">M Steven Oberste</name><name sortKey="Schneider, Eileen" sort="Schneider, Eileen" uniqKey="Schneider E" first="Eileen" last="Schneider">Eileen Schneider</name><name sortKey="Williamson, John" sort="Williamson, John" uniqKey="Williamson J" first="John" last="Williamson">John Williamson</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/SidaSubSaharaV1/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 002F95 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 002F95 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Sante
|area= SidaSubSaharaV1
|flux= Ncbi
|étape= Checkpoint
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4351931
|texte= Severe acute respiratory infection in children in a densely populated urban slum in Kenya, 2007–2011
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:25879805" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a SidaSubSaharaV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. |  |