Impact of Domestic Care Environment on Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Orphans in Western Kenya
Identifieur interne : 002788 ( Ncbi/Checkpoint ); précédent : 002787; suivant : 002789Impact of Domestic Care Environment on Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Orphans in Western Kenya
Auteurs : Lukoye Atwoli [Kenya] ; David Ayuku [Kenya] ; Joseph Hogan [États-Unis, Kenya] ; Julius Koech [Kenya] ; Rachel Christine Vreeman [Kenya, États-Unis] ; Samuel Ayaya [Kenya] ; Paula Braitstein [Kenya, États-Unis, Canada]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the domestic care environment on the prevalence of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among orphaned and separated children in Uasin Gishu County, western Kenya.
A total of 1565 (55.5% male) orphaned and separated adolescents aged 10–18 years (mean 13.8 years, sd 2.2), were assessed for PTSD and PTEs including bullying, physical abuse and sexual abuse. In this sample, 746 lived in extended family households, 746 in Charitable Children's Institutions (CCIs), and 73 on the street. Posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) scores and PTSD were assessed using the Child PTSD Checklist.
Bullying was the commonest PTE in all domestic care environments, followed by physical and sexual abuse. All PTEs were commonest among the street youth followed by CCIs. However, sexual abuse was more prevalent in households than in CCIs. Prevalence of PTSD was highest among street youth (28.8%), then households (15.0%) and CCIs (11.5%). PTSS scores were also highest among street youth, followed by CCIs and households. Bullying was associated with higher PTSS scores and PTSD odds than either sexual or physical abuse.
This study demonstrated differences in distribution of trauma and PTSD among orphaned and separated children in different domestic care environments, with street youth suffering more than those in CCIs or households. Interventions are needed to address bullying and sexual abuse, especially in extended family households. Street youth, a heretofore neglected population, are urgently in need of dedicated mental health services and support.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089937
PubMed: 24625395
PubMed Central: 3953071
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 002A89
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 002A88
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 001296
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 002788
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 002788
Links to Exploration step
PMC:3953071Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Impact of Domestic Care Environment on Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Orphans in Western Kenya</title><author><name sortKey="Atwoli, Lukoye" sort="Atwoli, Lukoye" uniqKey="Atwoli L" first="Lukoye" last="Atwoli">Lukoye Atwoli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eldoret</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayuku, David" sort="Ayuku, David" uniqKey="Ayuku D" first="David" last="Ayuku">David Ayuku</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Behavioural Sciences, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Behavioural Sciences, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eldoret</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hogan, Joseph" sort="Hogan, Joseph" uniqKey="Hogan J" first="Joseph" last="Hogan">Joseph Hogan</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biostatistics, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Rhode Island</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>USAID- Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH) Consortium, Eldoret, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>USAID- Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH) Consortium, Eldoret</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eldoret</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koech, Julius" sort="Koech, Julius" uniqKey="Koech J" first="Julius" last="Koech">Julius Koech</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>USAID- Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH) Consortium, Eldoret, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>USAID- Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH) Consortium, Eldoret</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eldoret</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vreeman, Rachel Christine" sort="Vreeman, Rachel Christine" uniqKey="Vreeman R" first="Rachel Christine" last="Vreeman">Rachel Christine Vreeman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>USAID- Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH) Consortium, Eldoret, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>USAID- Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH) Consortium, Eldoret</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eldoret</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Department of Children's Health Services Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Children's Health Services Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Indiana</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayaya, Samuel" sort="Ayaya, Samuel" uniqKey="Ayaya S" first="Samuel" last="Ayaya">Samuel Ayaya</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Department of Child Health and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Child Health and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eldoret</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Braitstein, Paula" sort="Braitstein, Paula" uniqKey="Braitstein P" first="Paula" last="Braitstein">Paula Braitstein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>USAID- Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH) Consortium, Eldoret, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>USAID- Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH) Consortium, Eldoret</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eldoret</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Indiana</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eldoret</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Indiana</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24625395</idno><idno type="pmc">3953071</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3953071</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3953071</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0089937</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002A89</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002A89</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002A88</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002A88</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001296</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001296</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002788</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">002788</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">002788</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Impact of Domestic Care Environment on Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Orphans in Western Kenya</title><author><name sortKey="Atwoli, Lukoye" sort="Atwoli, Lukoye" uniqKey="Atwoli L" first="Lukoye" last="Atwoli">Lukoye Atwoli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eldoret</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayuku, David" sort="Ayuku, David" uniqKey="Ayuku D" first="David" last="Ayuku">David Ayuku</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Behavioural Sciences, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Behavioural Sciences, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eldoret</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hogan, Joseph" sort="Hogan, Joseph" uniqKey="Hogan J" first="Joseph" last="Hogan">Joseph Hogan</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biostatistics, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Rhode Island</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>USAID- Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH) Consortium, Eldoret, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>USAID- Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH) Consortium, Eldoret</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eldoret</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koech, Julius" sort="Koech, Julius" uniqKey="Koech J" first="Julius" last="Koech">Julius Koech</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>USAID- Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH) Consortium, Eldoret, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>USAID- Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH) Consortium, Eldoret</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eldoret</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vreeman, Rachel Christine" sort="Vreeman, Rachel Christine" uniqKey="Vreeman R" first="Rachel Christine" last="Vreeman">Rachel Christine Vreeman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>USAID- Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH) Consortium, Eldoret, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>USAID- Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH) Consortium, Eldoret</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eldoret</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Department of Children's Health Services Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Children's Health Services Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Indiana</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayaya, Samuel" sort="Ayaya, Samuel" uniqKey="Ayaya S" first="Samuel" last="Ayaya">Samuel Ayaya</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Department of Child Health and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Child Health and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eldoret</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Braitstein, Paula" sort="Braitstein, Paula" uniqKey="Braitstein P" first="Paula" last="Braitstein">Paula Braitstein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>USAID- Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH) Consortium, Eldoret, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>USAID- Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH) Consortium, Eldoret</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eldoret</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Indiana</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eldoret</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Indiana</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the domestic care environment on the prevalence of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among orphaned and separated children in Uasin Gishu County, western Kenya.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A total of 1565 (55.5% male) orphaned and separated adolescents aged 10–18 years (mean 13.8 years, sd 2.2), were assessed for PTSD and PTEs including bullying, physical abuse and sexual abuse. In this sample, 746 lived in extended family households, 746 in Charitable Children's Institutions (CCIs), and 73 on the street. Posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) scores and PTSD were assessed using the Child PTSD Checklist.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Bullying was the commonest PTE in all domestic care environments, followed by physical and sexual abuse. All PTEs were commonest among the street youth followed by CCIs. However, sexual abuse was more prevalent in households than in CCIs. Prevalence of PTSD was highest among street youth (28.8%), then households (15.0%) and CCIs (11.5%). PTSS scores were also highest among street youth, followed by CCIs and households. Bullying was associated with higher PTSS scores and PTSD odds than either sexual or physical abuse.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>This study demonstrated differences in distribution of trauma and PTSD among orphaned and separated children in different domestic care environments, with street youth suffering more than those in CCIs or households. Interventions are needed to address bullying and sexual abuse, especially in extended family households. Street youth, a heretofore neglected population, are urgently in need of dedicated mental health services and support.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lombe, M" uniqKey="Lombe M">M Lombe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ochumbo, A" uniqKey="Ochumbo A">A Ochumbo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Atwoli, L" uniqKey="Atwoli L">L Atwoli</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Harder, Vs" uniqKey="Harder V">VS Harder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mutiso, Vn" uniqKey="Mutiso V">VN Mutiso</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khasakhala, Li" uniqKey="Khasakhala L">LI Khasakhala</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burke, Hm" uniqKey="Burke H">HM Burke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ndetei, Dm" uniqKey="Ndetei D">DM Ndetei</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Karsberg, Sh" uniqKey="Karsberg S">SH Karsberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elklit, A" uniqKey="Elklit A">A Elklit</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cluver, L" uniqKey="Cluver L">L Cluver</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gardner, F" uniqKey="Gardner F">F Gardner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cluver, L" uniqKey="Cluver L">L Cluver</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gardner, F" uniqKey="Gardner F">F Gardner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Operario, D" uniqKey="Operario D">D Operario</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schaal, S" uniqKey="Schaal S">S Schaal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elbert, T" uniqKey="Elbert T">T Elbert</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hasanovic, M" uniqKey="Hasanovic M">M Hasanovic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sinanovic, O" uniqKey="Sinanovic O">O Sinanovic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Selimbasic, Z" uniqKey="Selimbasic Z">Z Selimbasic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pajevic, I" uniqKey="Pajevic I">I Pajevic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Avdibegovic, E" uniqKey="Avdibegovic E">E Avdibegovic</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ahmad, A" uniqKey="Ahmad A">A Ahmad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mohamad, K" uniqKey="Mohamad K">K Mohamad</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kamanda, A" uniqKey="Kamanda A">A Kamanda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Embleton, L" uniqKey="Embleton L">L Embleton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ayuku, D" uniqKey="Ayuku D">D Ayuku</name></author><author><name sortKey="Atwoli, L" uniqKey="Atwoli L">L Atwoli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gisore, P" uniqKey="Gisore P">P Gisore</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zolotor, Aj" uniqKey="Zolotor A">AJ Zolotor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Runyan, Dk" uniqKey="Runyan D">DK Runyan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dunne, Mp" uniqKey="Dunne M">MP Dunne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jain, D" uniqKey="Jain D">D Jain</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peturs, Hr" uniqKey="Peturs H">HR Peturs</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cluver, L" uniqKey="Cluver L">L Cluver</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boyes, L" uniqKey="Boyes L">L Boyes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gardner, F" uniqKey="Gardner F">F Gardner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boyes, Me" uniqKey="Boyes M">ME Boyes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cluver, Ld" uniqKey="Cluver L">LD Cluver</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gardner, F" uniqKey="Gardner F">F Gardner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Seedat, S" uniqKey="Seedat S">S Seedat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nyamai, C" uniqKey="Nyamai C">C Nyamai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Njenga, F" uniqKey="Njenga F">F Njenga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vythilingum, B" uniqKey="Vythilingum B">B Vythilingum</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stein, Dj" uniqKey="Stein D">DJ Stein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kettrey, Hh" uniqKey="Kettrey H">HH Kettrey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Emery, Bc" uniqKey="Emery B">BC Emery</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tucker, Cj" uniqKey="Tucker C">CJ Tucker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Finkelhor, D" uniqKey="Finkelhor D">D Finkelhor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Turner, H" uniqKey="Turner H">H Turner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shattuck, A" uniqKey="Shattuck A">A Shattuck</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="North, Cs" uniqKey="North C">CS North</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Em" uniqKey="Smith E">EM Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="North, Cs" uniqKey="North C">CS North</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Em" uniqKey="Smith E">EM Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Spitznagel, El" uniqKey="Spitznagel E">EL Spitznagel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Morantz, G" uniqKey="Morantz G">G Morantz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cole, Dc" uniqKey="Cole D">DC Cole</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ayaya, S" uniqKey="Ayaya S">S Ayaya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ayuku, D" uniqKey="Ayuku D">D Ayuku</name></author><author><name sortKey="Braitstein, P" uniqKey="Braitstein P">P Braitstein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cluver, L" uniqKey="Cluver L">L Cluver</name></author><author><name sortKey="Orkin, M" uniqKey="Orkin M">M Orkin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boyes, M" uniqKey="Boyes M">M Boyes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gardner, F" uniqKey="Gardner F">F Gardner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meinck, F" uniqKey="Meinck F">F Meinck</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li><li>Kenya</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Indiana</li><li>Rhode Island</li></region></list><tree><country name="Kenya"><noRegion><name sortKey="Atwoli, Lukoye" sort="Atwoli, Lukoye" uniqKey="Atwoli L" first="Lukoye" last="Atwoli">Lukoye Atwoli</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Ayaya, Samuel" sort="Ayaya, Samuel" uniqKey="Ayaya S" first="Samuel" last="Ayaya">Samuel Ayaya</name><name sortKey="Ayuku, David" sort="Ayuku, David" uniqKey="Ayuku D" first="David" last="Ayuku">David Ayuku</name><name sortKey="Braitstein, Paula" sort="Braitstein, Paula" uniqKey="Braitstein P" first="Paula" last="Braitstein">Paula Braitstein</name><name sortKey="Braitstein, Paula" sort="Braitstein, Paula" uniqKey="Braitstein P" first="Paula" last="Braitstein">Paula Braitstein</name><name sortKey="Hogan, Joseph" sort="Hogan, Joseph" uniqKey="Hogan J" first="Joseph" last="Hogan">Joseph Hogan</name><name sortKey="Koech, Julius" sort="Koech, Julius" uniqKey="Koech J" first="Julius" last="Koech">Julius Koech</name><name sortKey="Vreeman, Rachel Christine" sort="Vreeman, Rachel Christine" uniqKey="Vreeman R" first="Rachel Christine" last="Vreeman">Rachel Christine Vreeman</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Rhode Island"><name sortKey="Hogan, Joseph" sort="Hogan, Joseph" uniqKey="Hogan J" first="Joseph" last="Hogan">Joseph Hogan</name></region><name sortKey="Braitstein, Paula" sort="Braitstein, Paula" uniqKey="Braitstein P" first="Paula" last="Braitstein">Paula Braitstein</name><name sortKey="Braitstein, Paula" sort="Braitstein, Paula" uniqKey="Braitstein P" first="Paula" last="Braitstein">Paula Braitstein</name><name sortKey="Vreeman, Rachel Christine" sort="Vreeman, Rachel Christine" uniqKey="Vreeman R" first="Rachel Christine" last="Vreeman">Rachel Christine Vreeman</name></country><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Braitstein, Paula" sort="Braitstein, Paula" uniqKey="Braitstein P" first="Paula" last="Braitstein">Paula Braitstein</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/SidaSubSaharaV1/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 002788 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 002788 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Sante
|area= SidaSubSaharaV1
|flux= Ncbi
|étape= Checkpoint
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:3953071
|texte= Impact of Domestic Care Environment on Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Orphans in Western Kenya
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:24625395" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a SidaSubSaharaV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. |  |