THE PREVALENCE LIVER FUNCTION AND IMMUNOLOGIC STATUS OF CHILDREN WITH HIV AND HEPATITIS B VIRUS COINFECTION IN ENUGU, NIGERIA
Identifieur interne : 000D74 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 000D73; suivant : 000D75THE PREVALENCE LIVER FUNCTION AND IMMUNOLOGIC STATUS OF CHILDREN WITH HIV AND HEPATITIS B VIRUS COINFECTION IN ENUGU, NIGERIA
Auteurs : Uleanya Nwachinemere Davidson [Nigeria] ; Nwokoye Ikenna Chidiebele [Nigeria] ; Emodi Ifeoma Josephine [Nigeria] ; Obidike Egbuna Olakunle [Nigeria] ; Ikefuna Anthony Nnaemeka [Nigeria] ; Eze Jude Chijioke ; Ndu Ikenna Kingsley [Nigeria]Source :
- African Journal of Infectious Diseases [ 2006-0165 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) co-infection is prevalent among HIV infected individuals because of shared routes and mechanisms of transmission. The multidimensional immunosuppression from HIV infection causes impaired spontaneous recovery from an acute HBV infection, predisposing to chronic infection which is worsened by younger age at infection. Co-infection increases the risk of HBV replication, hepatotoxicity and liver related deaths from Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). The study was undertaken to highlight the burden of co-infection among HIV positive children in Enugu, determine the associated risk factors and compare the effect of co-infection between co-infected and non-co-infected children using liver enzyme and CD4 counts.
A cross sectional study was carried out among HIV positive children attending the Paediatric ARV clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla. A total of 140 HIV infected children aged 18 months to 15 years were recruited. An interviewer questionnaire was administered. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was determined using Determine test Kit. Baseline and recent CD4 counts/CD4% were retrieved from the patients’ folders.
Fourteen (10%) were positive for HBsAg. The highest prevalence of HBsAg was observed among children aged 11- 15 years. The higher the socioeconomic class the less likely the HBsAg positivity. Seven (50%) of the co-infected children had elevated baseline ALT compared with 57 (45.2%) of non-co-infected children though the difference was not statistically significant (t = 0.6, P = 0.56). After the initiation of HAART, 10 (76.9%) of the co-infected and 18 (15.1%) of the non-co-infected children had elevated ALT. The baseline median CD4 count among children ≥ 6 years was 230 cells/mm3 and 360 cells/mm3 respectively among the co-infected and non- co-infected, (
HBV co-infection among HIV infected children is common in our environment, and co-infection is associated with impaired immunity and probably liver enzyme derangement.
Url:
DOI: 10.21010/ajid.v10i2.1
PubMed: 28331915
PubMed Central: 5349760
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Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakiliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakiliki, Ebonyi State</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ebonyi State</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Josephine, Emodi Ifeoma" sort="Josephine, Emodi Ifeoma" uniqKey="Josephine E" first="Emodi Ifeoma" last="Josephine">Emodi Ifeoma Josephine</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Pediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State, Nigeria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Enugu State</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olakunle, Obidike Egbuna" sort="Olakunle, Obidike Egbuna" uniqKey="Olakunle O" first="Obidike Egbuna" last="Olakunle">Obidike Egbuna Olakunle</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Pediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State, Nigeria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Enugu State</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nnaemeka, Ikefuna Anthony" sort="Nnaemeka, Ikefuna Anthony" uniqKey="Nnaemeka I" first="Ikefuna Anthony" last="Nnaemeka">Ikefuna Anthony Nnaemeka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Pediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State, Nigeria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Enugu 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type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000D74</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">THE PREVALENCE LIVER FUNCTION AND IMMUNOLOGIC STATUS OF CHILDREN WITH HIV AND HEPATITIS B VIRUS COINFECTION IN ENUGU, NIGERIA</title><author><name sortKey="Davidson, Uleanya Nwachinemere" sort="Davidson, Uleanya Nwachinemere" uniqKey="Davidson U" first="Uleanya Nwachinemere" last="Davidson">Uleanya Nwachinemere Davidson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">department of Pediatrics, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea>department of Pediatrics, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Enugu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chidiebele, Nwokoye Ikenna" sort="Chidiebele, Nwokoye Ikenna" uniqKey="Chidiebele N" first="Nwokoye Ikenna" last="Chidiebele">Nwokoye Ikenna Chidiebele</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Pediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakiliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakiliki, Ebonyi State</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ebonyi State</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Josephine, Emodi Ifeoma" sort="Josephine, Emodi Ifeoma" uniqKey="Josephine E" first="Emodi Ifeoma" last="Josephine">Emodi Ifeoma Josephine</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Pediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State, Nigeria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Enugu State</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olakunle, Obidike Egbuna" sort="Olakunle, Obidike Egbuna" uniqKey="Olakunle O" first="Obidike Egbuna" last="Olakunle">Obidike Egbuna Olakunle</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Pediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State, Nigeria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Enugu State</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nnaemeka, Ikefuna Anthony" sort="Nnaemeka, Ikefuna Anthony" uniqKey="Nnaemeka I" first="Ikefuna Anthony" last="Nnaemeka">Ikefuna Anthony Nnaemeka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Pediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State, Nigeria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Enugu State</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chijioke, Eze Jude" sort="Chijioke, Eze Jude" uniqKey="Chijioke E" first="Eze Jude" last="Chijioke">Eze Jude Chijioke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Pediatrics, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesborough, England.<bold>E-mail:</bold><email xlink:href="nulesa2001@yahoo.com">nulesa2001@yahoo.com</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kingsley, Ndu Ikenna" sort="Kingsley, Ndu Ikenna" uniqKey="Kingsley N" first="Ndu Ikenna" last="Kingsley">Ndu Ikenna Kingsley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">department of Pediatrics, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea>department of Pediatrics, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Enugu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">African Journal of Infectious Diseases</title><idno type="ISSN">2006-0165</idno><idno type="eISSN">2505-0419</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="st1"><title>Background:</title><p>Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) co-infection is prevalent among HIV infected individuals because of shared routes and mechanisms of transmission. The multidimensional immunosuppression from HIV infection causes impaired spontaneous recovery from an acute HBV infection, predisposing to chronic infection which is worsened by younger age at infection. Co-infection increases the risk of HBV replication, hepatotoxicity and liver related deaths from Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). The study was undertaken to highlight the burden of co-infection among HIV positive children in Enugu, determine the associated risk factors and compare the effect of co-infection between co-infected and non-co-infected children using liver enzyme and CD4 counts.</p></sec><sec id="st2"><title>Materials and Methods:</title><p>A cross sectional study was carried out among HIV positive children attending the Paediatric ARV clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla. A total of 140 HIV infected children aged 18 months to 15 years were recruited. An interviewer questionnaire was administered. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was determined using Determine test Kit. Baseline and recent CD4 counts/CD4% were retrieved from the patients’ folders.</p></sec><sec id="st3"><title>Results:</title><p>Fourteen (10%) were positive for HBsAg. The highest prevalence of HBsAg was observed among children aged 11- 15 years. The higher the socioeconomic class the less likely the HBsAg positivity. Seven (50%) of the co-infected children had elevated baseline ALT compared with 57 (45.2%) of non-co-infected children though the difference was not statistically significant (t = 0.6, P = 0.56). After the initiation of HAART, 10 (76.9%) of the co-infected and 18 (15.1%) of the non-co-infected children had elevated ALT. The baseline median CD4 count among children ≥ 6 years was 230 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> and 360 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> respectively among the co-infected and non- co-infected, (<italic>P</italic> = 0.67). However, in children ≤ 5 years, it was 25% and 15 % respectively (<italic>P</italic> = 0.06).</p></sec><sec id="st4"><title>Conclusion:</title><p>HBV co-infection among HIV infected children is common in our environment, and co-infection is associated with impaired immunity and probably liver enzyme derangement.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alexander, J" uniqKey="Alexander J">J Alexander</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kowdley, Kv" uniqKey="Kowdley K">KV Kowdley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Fawaz, I" uniqKey="Al Fawaz I">I Al-Fawaz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ramia, S" uniqKey="Ramia S">S Ramia</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Anigilaje, Ea" uniqKey="Anigilaje E">EA Anigilaje</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olutola, A" uniqKey="Olutola A">A 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Munubhi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thio, Cl" uniqKey="Thio C">CL Thio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seaberg, Ec" uniqKey="Seaberg E">EC Seaberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Skolasky, R" uniqKey="Skolasky R">R Skolasky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phair, J" uniqKey="Phair J">J Phair</name></author><author><name sortKey="Visscher, B" uniqKey="Visscher B">B Visscher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Munoz, A" uniqKey="Munoz A">A Munoz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Dl" uniqKey="Thomas D">DL Thomas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thio, Cl" uniqKey="Thio C">CL Thio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sulkowski, Ms" uniqKey="Sulkowski M">MS Sulkowski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Dl" uniqKey="Thomas D">DL Thomas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Uleanya, Nd" uniqKey="Uleanya N">ND Uleanya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Obidike, Eo" uniqKey="Obidike E">EO Obidike</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yazigi, N" uniqKey="Yazigi N">N Yazigi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Balistrere, Wf" uniqKey="Balistrere W">WF Balistrere</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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