Le SIDA en Afrique subsaharienne (serveur d'exploration)

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Utilization of Healthcare in the Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program

Identifieur interne : 000D03 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000D02; suivant : 000D04

Utilization of Healthcare in the Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program

Auteurs : Ursula Panzner [Corée du Sud] ; Gi Deok Pak [Corée du Sud] ; Peter Aaby [Guinée-Bissau] ; Yaw Adu-Sarkodie [Ghana] ; Mohammad Ali [Corée du Sud, États-Unis] ; Abraham Aseffa [Éthiopie] ; Stephen Baker [Viêt Nam] ; Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen [Guinée-Bissau, Danemark] ; John A. Crump [Tanzanie, Nouvelle-Zélande, États-Unis] ; Jessica Deerin [Corée du Sud] ; Ligia Maria Cruz Espinoza [Corée du Sud] ; Nagla Gasmelseed [Soudan] ; Jean Noël Heriniaina [Madagascar] ; Julian T. Hertz [Tanzanie, États-Unis] ; Justin Im [Corée du Sud] ; Vera Von Kalckreuth [Corée du Sud] ; Karen H. Keddy [Afrique du Sud] ; Bruno Lankoande [Burkina Faso] ; Sandra L Fberg [Guinée-Bissau] ; Christian G. Meyer [Allemagne] ; Michael Munishi Oresto [Tanzanie] ; Jin Kyung Park [Corée du Sud] ; Se Eun Park [Corée du Sud] ; Raphaël Rakotozandrindrainy [Madagascar] ; Nimako Sarpong ; Abdramane Bassiahi Soura [Burkina Faso] ; Amy Gassama Sow [Sénégal] ; Adama Tall ; Mekonnen Teferi [Éthiopie] ; Alemayehu Worku [Éthiopie] ; Biruk Yeshitela [Éthiopie] ; Thomas F. Wierzba [Corée du Sud] ; Florian Marks [Corée du Sud]

Source :

RBID : PMC:4772834

Abstract

Background. Assessing healthcare utilization is important to identify weaknesses of healthcare systems, to outline action points for preventive measures and interventions, and to more accurately estimate the disease burden in a population.

Methods. A healthcare utilization survey was developed for the Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program (TSAP) to adjust incidences of salmonellosis determined through passive, healthcare facility–based surveillance. This cross-sectional survey was conducted at 11 sites in 9 sub-Saharan African countries. Demographic data and healthcare-seeking behavior were assessed at selected households. Overall and age-stratified percentages of each study population that sought healthcare at a TSAP healthcare facility and elsewhere were determined.

Results. Overall, 88% (1007/1145) and 81% (1811/2238) of the population in Polesgo and Nioko 2, Burkina Faso, respectively, and 63% (1636/2590) in Butajira, Ethiopia, sought healthcare for fever at any TSAP healthcare facility. A far smaller proportion—namely, 20%–45% of the population in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau (1743/3885), Pikine, Senegal (1473/4659), Wad-Medani, Sudan (861/3169), and Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (667/2819); 18% (483/2622) and 9% (197/2293) in Imerintsiatosika and Isotry, Madagascar, respectively; and 4% (127/3089) in Moshi, Tanzania—sought healthcare at a TSAP healthcare facility. Patients with fever preferred to visit pharmacies in Imerintsiatosika and Isotry, and favored self-management of fever in Moshi. Age-dependent differences in healthcare utilization were also observed within and across sites.

Conclusions. Healthcare utilization for fever varied greatly across sites, and revealed that not all studied populations were under optimal surveillance. This demonstrates the importance of assessing healthcare utilization. Survey data were pivotal for the adjustment of the program's estimates of salmonellosis and other conditions associated with fever.


Url:
DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ891
PubMed: 26933023
PubMed Central: 4772834


Affiliations:


Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


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<name sortKey="Adu Sarkodie, Yaw" sort="Adu Sarkodie, Yaw" uniqKey="Adu Sarkodie Y" first="Yaw" last="Adu-Sarkodie">Yaw Adu-Sarkodie</name>
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<addr-line>Ho Chi Minh City</addr-line>
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<name sortKey="Bjerregaard Andersen, Morten" sort="Bjerregaard Andersen, Morten" uniqKey="Bjerregaard Andersen M" first="Morten" last="Bjerregaard-Andersen">Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen</name>
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<addr-line>Seoul</addr-line>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
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<name sortKey="Cruz Espinoza, Ligia Maria" sort="Cruz Espinoza, Ligia Maria" uniqKey="Cruz Espinoza L" first="Ligia Maria" last="Cruz Espinoza">Ligia Maria Cruz Espinoza</name>
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<institution>International Vaccine Institute</institution>
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<addr-line>Seoul</addr-line>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
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<name sortKey="Gasmelseed, Nagla" sort="Gasmelseed, Nagla" uniqKey="Gasmelseed N" first="Nagla" last="Gasmelseed">Nagla Gasmelseed</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Madagascar</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Hertz, Julian T" sort="Hertz, Julian T" uniqKey="Hertz J" first="Julian T." last="Hertz">Julian T. Hertz</name>
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<institution>Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre</institution>
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<addr-line>Moshi</addr-line>
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<country>Tanzania</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country>
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<nlm:aff id="af1">
<institution>International Vaccine Institute</institution>
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<addr-line>Seoul</addr-line>
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<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Keddy, Karen H" sort="Keddy, Karen H" uniqKey="Keddy K" first="Karen H." last="Keddy">Karen H. Keddy</name>
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<nlm:aff id="af14">
<institution>National Institute for Communicable Diseases</institution>
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</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
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<addr-line>Faculty of Health Sciences</addr-line>
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<institution>University of the Witwatersrand</institution>
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<addr-line>Johannesburg</addr-line>
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<country>South Africa</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Lankoande, Bruno" sort="Lankoande, Bruno" uniqKey="Lankoande B" first="Bruno" last="Lankoande">Bruno Lankoande</name>
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<institution>University of Ouagadougou</institution>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Burkina Faso</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="L Fberg, Sandra" sort="L Fberg, Sandra" uniqKey="L Fberg S" first="Sandra" last="L Fberg">Sandra L Fberg</name>
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<nlm:aff id="af2">
<addr-line>Bandim Health Project, Bissau</addr-line>
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<country>Guinea-Bissau</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Guinée-Bissau</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Meyer, Christian G" sort="Meyer, Christian G" uniqKey="Meyer C" first="Christian G." last="Meyer">Christian G. Meyer</name>
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<nlm:aff id="af17">
<institution>Institute of Tropical Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University</institution>
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<addr-line>Tübingen</addr-line>
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<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Oresto, Michael Munishi" sort="Oresto, Michael Munishi" uniqKey="Oresto M" first="Michael Munishi" last="Oresto">Michael Munishi Oresto</name>
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<nlm:aff id="af9">
<institution>Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre</institution>
,
<addr-line>Moshi</addr-line>
,
<country>Tanzania</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Park, Jin Kyung" sort="Park, Jin Kyung" uniqKey="Park J" first="Jin Kyung" last="Park">Jin Kyung Park</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af1">
<institution>International Vaccine Institute</institution>
,
<addr-line>Seoul</addr-line>
,
<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Park, Se Eun" sort="Park, Se Eun" uniqKey="Park S" first="Se Eun" last="Park">Se Eun Park</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af1">
<institution>International Vaccine Institute</institution>
,
<addr-line>Seoul</addr-line>
,
<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael" sort="Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael" uniqKey="Rakotozandrindrainy R" first="Raphaël" last="Rakotozandrindrainy">Raphaël Rakotozandrindrainy</name>
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<nlm:aff id="af13">
<institution>University of Antananarivo</institution>
,
<country>Madagascar</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Madagascar</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sarpong, Nimako" sort="Sarpong, Nimako" uniqKey="Sarpong N" first="Nimako" last="Sarpong">Nimako Sarpong</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af3">
<institution>Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine</institution>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Soura, Abdramane Bassiahi" sort="Soura, Abdramane Bassiahi" uniqKey="Soura A" first="Abdramane Bassiahi" last="Soura">Abdramane Bassiahi Soura</name>
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<nlm:aff id="af16">
<institution>University of Ouagadougou</institution>
,
<country>Burkina Faso</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Burkina Faso</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gassama Sow, Amy" sort="Gassama Sow, Amy" uniqKey="Gassama Sow A" first="Amy" last="Gassama Sow">Amy Gassama Sow</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af18">
<institution>Institute Pasteur de Dakar</institution>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af19">
<institution>Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar</institution>
,
<country>Senegal</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Sénégal</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tall, Adama" sort="Tall, Adama" uniqKey="Tall A" first="Adama" last="Tall">Adama Tall</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af18">
<institution>Institute Pasteur de Dakar</institution>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Teferi, Mekonnen" sort="Teferi, Mekonnen" uniqKey="Teferi M" first="Mekonnen" last="Teferi">Mekonnen Teferi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af6">
<institution>Armauer Hansen Research Institute</institution>
,
<addr-line>Addis Ababa</addr-line>
,
<country>Ethiopia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Worku, Alemayehu" sort="Worku, Alemayehu" uniqKey="Worku A" first="Alemayehu" last="Worku">Alemayehu Worku</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af20">
<institution>School of Public Health</institution>
,
<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>
,
<country>Ethiopia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yeshitela, Biruk" sort="Yeshitela, Biruk" uniqKey="Yeshitela B" first="Biruk" last="Yeshitela">Biruk Yeshitela</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af6">
<institution>Armauer Hansen Research Institute</institution>
,
<addr-line>Addis Ababa</addr-line>
,
<country>Ethiopia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wierzba, Thomas F" sort="Wierzba, Thomas F" uniqKey="Wierzba T" first="Thomas F." last="Wierzba">Thomas F. Wierzba</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af1">
<institution>International Vaccine Institute</institution>
,
<addr-line>Seoul</addr-line>
,
<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Marks, Florian" sort="Marks, Florian" uniqKey="Marks F" first="Florian" last="Marks">Florian Marks</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af1">
<institution>International Vaccine Institute</institution>
,
<addr-line>Seoul</addr-line>
,
<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
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<idno type="pmc">4772834</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4772834</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4772834</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1093/cid/civ891</idno>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000305</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000305</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000305</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000305</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000390</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000390</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">003643</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">003643</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">003643</idno>
<idno type="wicri:doubleKey">1058-4838:2016:Panzner U:utilization:of:healthcare</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000D03</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000D03</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000D03</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Utilization of Healthcare in the Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Panzner, Ursula" sort="Panzner, Ursula" uniqKey="Panzner U" first="Ursula" last="Panzner">Ursula Panzner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af1">
<institution>International Vaccine Institute</institution>
,
<addr-line>Seoul</addr-line>
,
<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pak, Gi Deok" sort="Pak, Gi Deok" uniqKey="Pak G" first="Gi Deok" last="Pak">Gi Deok Pak</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af1">
<institution>International Vaccine Institute</institution>
,
<addr-line>Seoul</addr-line>
,
<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Aaby, Peter" sort="Aaby, Peter" uniqKey="Aaby P" first="Peter" last="Aaby">Peter Aaby</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af2">
<addr-line>Bandim Health Project, Bissau</addr-line>
,
<country>Guinea-Bissau</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Guinée-Bissau</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Adu Sarkodie, Yaw" sort="Adu Sarkodie, Yaw" uniqKey="Adu Sarkodie Y" first="Yaw" last="Adu-Sarkodie">Yaw Adu-Sarkodie</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af3">
<institution>Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine</institution>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af4">
<institution>School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology</institution>
,
<addr-line>Kumasi</addr-line>
,
<country>Ghana</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ali, Mohammad" sort="Ali, Mohammad" uniqKey="Ali M" first="Mohammad" last="Ali">Mohammad Ali</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af1">
<institution>International Vaccine Institute</institution>
,
<addr-line>Seoul</addr-line>
,
<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="af5">
<institution>Johns Hopkins University</institution>
,
<addr-line>Baltimore, Maryland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Baltimore</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Aseffa, Abraham" sort="Aseffa, Abraham" uniqKey="Aseffa A" first="Abraham" last="Aseffa">Abraham Aseffa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af6">
<institution>Armauer Hansen Research Institute</institution>
,
<addr-line>Addis Ababa</addr-line>
,
<country>Ethiopia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Baker, Stephen" sort="Baker, Stephen" uniqKey="Baker S" first="Stephen" last="Baker">Stephen Baker</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af7">
<institution>Oxford University Clinical Research Unit</institution>
,
<addr-line>Ho Chi Minh City</addr-line>
,
<country>Vietnam</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Viêt Nam</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bjerregaard Andersen, Morten" sort="Bjerregaard Andersen, Morten" uniqKey="Bjerregaard Andersen M" first="Morten" last="Bjerregaard-Andersen">Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af2">
<addr-line>Bandim Health Project, Bissau</addr-line>
,
<country>Guinea-Bissau</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Guinée-Bissau</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af8">
<institution>Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Statens Serum Institut</institution>
,
<addr-line>Copenhagen</addr-line>
,
<country>Denmark</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Crump, John A" sort="Crump, John A" uniqKey="Crump J" first="John A." last="Crump">John A. Crump</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af9">
<institution>Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre</institution>
,
<addr-line>Moshi</addr-line>
,
<country>Tanzania</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af10">
<institution>Centre for International Health, University of Otago</institution>
,
<addr-line>Dunedin</addr-line>
,
<country>New Zealand</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="af11">
<addr-line>Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health</addr-line>
,
<institution>Duke University Medical Center</institution>
,
<addr-line>Durham, North Carolina</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Durham</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Deerin, Jessica" sort="Deerin, Jessica" uniqKey="Deerin J" first="Jessica" last="Deerin">Jessica Deerin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af1">
<institution>International Vaccine Institute</institution>
,
<addr-line>Seoul</addr-line>
,
<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cruz Espinoza, Ligia Maria" sort="Cruz Espinoza, Ligia Maria" uniqKey="Cruz Espinoza L" first="Ligia Maria" last="Cruz Espinoza">Ligia Maria Cruz Espinoza</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af1">
<institution>International Vaccine Institute</institution>
,
<addr-line>Seoul</addr-line>
,
<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gasmelseed, Nagla" sort="Gasmelseed, Nagla" uniqKey="Gasmelseed N" first="Nagla" last="Gasmelseed">Nagla Gasmelseed</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af12">
<addr-line>Faculty of Medicine</addr-line>
,
<institution>University of Gezira</institution>
,
<addr-line>Wad Medani</addr-line>
,
<country>Sudan</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Soudan</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Heriniaina, Jean Noel" sort="Heriniaina, Jean Noel" uniqKey="Heriniaina J" first="Jean Noël" last="Heriniaina">Jean Noël Heriniaina</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af13">
<institution>University of Antananarivo</institution>
,
<country>Madagascar</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Madagascar</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hertz, Julian T" sort="Hertz, Julian T" uniqKey="Hertz J" first="Julian T." last="Hertz">Julian T. Hertz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af9">
<institution>Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre</institution>
,
<addr-line>Moshi</addr-line>
,
<country>Tanzania</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="af11">
<addr-line>Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health</addr-line>
,
<institution>Duke University Medical Center</institution>
,
<addr-line>Durham, North Carolina</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Durham</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Im, Justin" sort="Im, Justin" uniqKey="Im J" first="Justin" last="Im">Justin Im</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af1">
<institution>International Vaccine Institute</institution>
,
<addr-line>Seoul</addr-line>
,
<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Von Kalckreuth, Vera" sort="Von Kalckreuth, Vera" uniqKey="Von Kalckreuth V" first="Vera" last="Von Kalckreuth">Vera Von Kalckreuth</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af1">
<institution>International Vaccine Institute</institution>
,
<addr-line>Seoul</addr-line>
,
<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Keddy, Karen H" sort="Keddy, Karen H" uniqKey="Keddy K" first="Karen H." last="Keddy">Karen H. Keddy</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af14">
<institution>National Institute for Communicable Diseases</institution>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af15">
<addr-line>Faculty of Health Sciences</addr-line>
,
<institution>University of the Witwatersrand</institution>
,
<addr-line>Johannesburg</addr-line>
,
<country>South Africa</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lankoande, Bruno" sort="Lankoande, Bruno" uniqKey="Lankoande B" first="Bruno" last="Lankoande">Bruno Lankoande</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af16">
<institution>University of Ouagadougou</institution>
,
<country>Burkina Faso</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Burkina Faso</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="L Fberg, Sandra" sort="L Fberg, Sandra" uniqKey="L Fberg S" first="Sandra" last="L Fberg">Sandra L Fberg</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af2">
<addr-line>Bandim Health Project, Bissau</addr-line>
,
<country>Guinea-Bissau</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Guinée-Bissau</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Meyer, Christian G" sort="Meyer, Christian G" uniqKey="Meyer C" first="Christian G." last="Meyer">Christian G. Meyer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af17">
<institution>Institute of Tropical Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University</institution>
,
<addr-line>Tübingen</addr-line>
,
<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Oresto, Michael Munishi" sort="Oresto, Michael Munishi" uniqKey="Oresto M" first="Michael Munishi" last="Oresto">Michael Munishi Oresto</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af9">
<institution>Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre</institution>
,
<addr-line>Moshi</addr-line>
,
<country>Tanzania</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Park, Jin Kyung" sort="Park, Jin Kyung" uniqKey="Park J" first="Jin Kyung" last="Park">Jin Kyung Park</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af1">
<institution>International Vaccine Institute</institution>
,
<addr-line>Seoul</addr-line>
,
<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Park, Se Eun" sort="Park, Se Eun" uniqKey="Park S" first="Se Eun" last="Park">Se Eun Park</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af1">
<institution>International Vaccine Institute</institution>
,
<addr-line>Seoul</addr-line>
,
<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael" sort="Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael" uniqKey="Rakotozandrindrainy R" first="Raphaël" last="Rakotozandrindrainy">Raphaël Rakotozandrindrainy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af13">
<institution>University of Antananarivo</institution>
,
<country>Madagascar</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Madagascar</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sarpong, Nimako" sort="Sarpong, Nimako" uniqKey="Sarpong N" first="Nimako" last="Sarpong">Nimako Sarpong</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af3">
<institution>Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine</institution>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Soura, Abdramane Bassiahi" sort="Soura, Abdramane Bassiahi" uniqKey="Soura A" first="Abdramane Bassiahi" last="Soura">Abdramane Bassiahi Soura</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af16">
<institution>University of Ouagadougou</institution>
,
<country>Burkina Faso</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Burkina Faso</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gassama Sow, Amy" sort="Gassama Sow, Amy" uniqKey="Gassama Sow A" first="Amy" last="Gassama Sow">Amy Gassama Sow</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af18">
<institution>Institute Pasteur de Dakar</institution>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af19">
<institution>Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar</institution>
,
<country>Senegal</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Sénégal</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tall, Adama" sort="Tall, Adama" uniqKey="Tall A" first="Adama" last="Tall">Adama Tall</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af18">
<institution>Institute Pasteur de Dakar</institution>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Teferi, Mekonnen" sort="Teferi, Mekonnen" uniqKey="Teferi M" first="Mekonnen" last="Teferi">Mekonnen Teferi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af6">
<institution>Armauer Hansen Research Institute</institution>
,
<addr-line>Addis Ababa</addr-line>
,
<country>Ethiopia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Worku, Alemayehu" sort="Worku, Alemayehu" uniqKey="Worku A" first="Alemayehu" last="Worku">Alemayehu Worku</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af20">
<institution>School of Public Health</institution>
,
<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>
,
<country>Ethiopia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yeshitela, Biruk" sort="Yeshitela, Biruk" uniqKey="Yeshitela B" first="Biruk" last="Yeshitela">Biruk Yeshitela</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af6">
<institution>Armauer Hansen Research Institute</institution>
,
<addr-line>Addis Ababa</addr-line>
,
<country>Ethiopia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wierzba, Thomas F" sort="Wierzba, Thomas F" uniqKey="Wierzba T" first="Thomas F." last="Wierzba">Thomas F. Wierzba</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af1">
<institution>International Vaccine Institute</institution>
,
<addr-line>Seoul</addr-line>
,
<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Marks, Florian" sort="Marks, Florian" uniqKey="Marks F" first="Florian" last="Marks">Florian Marks</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af1">
<institution>International Vaccine Institute</institution>
,
<addr-line>Seoul</addr-line>
,
<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1058-4838</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1537-6591</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>
<bold>
<italic>Background.</italic>
</bold>
 Assessing healthcare utilization is important to identify weaknesses of healthcare systems, to outline action points for preventive measures and interventions, and to more accurately estimate the disease burden in a population.</p>
<p>
<bold>
<italic>Methods.</italic>
</bold>
 A healthcare utilization survey was developed for the Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program (TSAP) to adjust incidences of salmonellosis determined through passive, healthcare facility–based surveillance. This cross-sectional survey was conducted at 11 sites in 9 sub-Saharan African countries. Demographic data and healthcare-seeking behavior were assessed at selected households. Overall and age-stratified percentages of each study population that sought healthcare at a TSAP healthcare facility and elsewhere were determined.</p>
<p>
<bold>
<italic>Results.</italic>
</bold>
 Overall, 88% (1007/1145) and 81% (1811/2238) of the population in Polesgo and Nioko 2, Burkina Faso, respectively, and 63% (1636/2590) in Butajira, Ethiopia, sought healthcare for fever at any TSAP healthcare facility. A far smaller proportion—namely, 20%–45% of the population in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau (1743/3885), Pikine, Senegal (1473/4659), Wad-Medani, Sudan (861/3169), and Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (667/2819); 18% (483/2622) and 9% (197/2293) in Imerintsiatosika and Isotry, Madagascar, respectively; and 4% (127/3089) in Moshi, Tanzania—sought healthcare at a TSAP healthcare facility. Patients with fever preferred to visit pharmacies in Imerintsiatosika and Isotry, and favored self-management of fever in Moshi. Age-dependent differences in healthcare utilization were also observed within and across sites.</p>
<p>
<bold>
<italic>Conclusions.</italic>
</bold>
 Healthcare utilization for fever varied greatly across sites, and revealed that not all studied populations were under optimal surveillance. This demonstrates the importance of assessing healthcare utilization. Survey data were pivotal for the adjustment of the program's estimates of salmonellosis and other conditions associated with fever.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
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<list>
<country>
<li>Afrique du Sud</li>
<li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Burkina Faso</li>
<li>Corée du Sud</li>
<li>Danemark</li>
<li>Ghana</li>
<li>Guinée-Bissau</li>
<li>Madagascar</li>
<li>Nouvelle-Zélande</li>
<li>Soudan</li>
<li>Sénégal</li>
<li>Tanzanie</li>
<li>Viêt Nam</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
<li>Éthiopie</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Caroline du Nord</li>
<li>Maryland</li>
</region>
</list>
<tree>
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<name sortKey="Sarpong, Nimako" sort="Sarpong, Nimako" uniqKey="Sarpong N" first="Nimako" last="Sarpong">Nimako Sarpong</name>
<name sortKey="Tall, Adama" sort="Tall, Adama" uniqKey="Tall A" first="Adama" last="Tall">Adama Tall</name>
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<country name="Corée du Sud">
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<name sortKey="Panzner, Ursula" sort="Panzner, Ursula" uniqKey="Panzner U" first="Ursula" last="Panzner">Ursula Panzner</name>
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<name sortKey="Cruz Espinoza, Ligia Maria" sort="Cruz Espinoza, Ligia Maria" uniqKey="Cruz Espinoza L" first="Ligia Maria" last="Cruz Espinoza">Ligia Maria Cruz Espinoza</name>
<name sortKey="Deerin, Jessica" sort="Deerin, Jessica" uniqKey="Deerin J" first="Jessica" last="Deerin">Jessica Deerin</name>
<name sortKey="Im, Justin" sort="Im, Justin" uniqKey="Im J" first="Justin" last="Im">Justin Im</name>
<name sortKey="Marks, Florian" sort="Marks, Florian" uniqKey="Marks F" first="Florian" last="Marks">Florian Marks</name>
<name sortKey="Pak, Gi Deok" sort="Pak, Gi Deok" uniqKey="Pak G" first="Gi Deok" last="Pak">Gi Deok Pak</name>
<name sortKey="Park, Jin Kyung" sort="Park, Jin Kyung" uniqKey="Park J" first="Jin Kyung" last="Park">Jin Kyung Park</name>
<name sortKey="Park, Se Eun" sort="Park, Se Eun" uniqKey="Park S" first="Se Eun" last="Park">Se Eun Park</name>
<name sortKey="Von Kalckreuth, Vera" sort="Von Kalckreuth, Vera" uniqKey="Von Kalckreuth V" first="Vera" last="Von Kalckreuth">Vera Von Kalckreuth</name>
<name sortKey="Wierzba, Thomas F" sort="Wierzba, Thomas F" uniqKey="Wierzba T" first="Thomas F." last="Wierzba">Thomas F. Wierzba</name>
</country>
<country name="Guinée-Bissau">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Aaby, Peter" sort="Aaby, Peter" uniqKey="Aaby P" first="Peter" last="Aaby">Peter Aaby</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Bjerregaard Andersen, Morten" sort="Bjerregaard Andersen, Morten" uniqKey="Bjerregaard Andersen M" first="Morten" last="Bjerregaard-Andersen">Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen</name>
<name sortKey="L Fberg, Sandra" sort="L Fberg, Sandra" uniqKey="L Fberg S" first="Sandra" last="L Fberg">Sandra L Fberg</name>
</country>
<country name="Ghana">
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<name sortKey="Adu Sarkodie, Yaw" sort="Adu Sarkodie, Yaw" uniqKey="Adu Sarkodie Y" first="Yaw" last="Adu-Sarkodie">Yaw Adu-Sarkodie</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis">
<region name="Maryland">
<name sortKey="Ali, Mohammad" sort="Ali, Mohammad" uniqKey="Ali M" first="Mohammad" last="Ali">Mohammad Ali</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Crump, John A" sort="Crump, John A" uniqKey="Crump J" first="John A." last="Crump">John A. Crump</name>
<name sortKey="Hertz, Julian T" sort="Hertz, Julian T" uniqKey="Hertz J" first="Julian T." last="Hertz">Julian T. Hertz</name>
</country>
<country name="Éthiopie">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Aseffa, Abraham" sort="Aseffa, Abraham" uniqKey="Aseffa A" first="Abraham" last="Aseffa">Abraham Aseffa</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Teferi, Mekonnen" sort="Teferi, Mekonnen" uniqKey="Teferi M" first="Mekonnen" last="Teferi">Mekonnen Teferi</name>
<name sortKey="Worku, Alemayehu" sort="Worku, Alemayehu" uniqKey="Worku A" first="Alemayehu" last="Worku">Alemayehu Worku</name>
<name sortKey="Yeshitela, Biruk" sort="Yeshitela, Biruk" uniqKey="Yeshitela B" first="Biruk" last="Yeshitela">Biruk Yeshitela</name>
</country>
<country name="Viêt Nam">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Baker, Stephen" sort="Baker, Stephen" uniqKey="Baker S" first="Stephen" last="Baker">Stephen Baker</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Danemark">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Bjerregaard Andersen, Morten" sort="Bjerregaard Andersen, Morten" uniqKey="Bjerregaard Andersen M" first="Morten" last="Bjerregaard-Andersen">Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Tanzanie">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Crump, John A" sort="Crump, John A" uniqKey="Crump J" first="John A." last="Crump">John A. Crump</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Hertz, Julian T" sort="Hertz, Julian T" uniqKey="Hertz J" first="Julian T." last="Hertz">Julian T. Hertz</name>
<name sortKey="Oresto, Michael Munishi" sort="Oresto, Michael Munishi" uniqKey="Oresto M" first="Michael Munishi" last="Oresto">Michael Munishi Oresto</name>
</country>
<country name="Nouvelle-Zélande">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Crump, John A" sort="Crump, John A" uniqKey="Crump J" first="John A." last="Crump">John A. Crump</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Soudan">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Gasmelseed, Nagla" sort="Gasmelseed, Nagla" uniqKey="Gasmelseed N" first="Nagla" last="Gasmelseed">Nagla Gasmelseed</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Madagascar">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Heriniaina, Jean Noel" sort="Heriniaina, Jean Noel" uniqKey="Heriniaina J" first="Jean Noël" last="Heriniaina">Jean Noël Heriniaina</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael" sort="Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael" uniqKey="Rakotozandrindrainy R" first="Raphaël" last="Rakotozandrindrainy">Raphaël Rakotozandrindrainy</name>
</country>
<country name="Afrique du Sud">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Keddy, Karen H" sort="Keddy, Karen H" uniqKey="Keddy K" first="Karen H." last="Keddy">Karen H. Keddy</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Burkina Faso">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Lankoande, Bruno" sort="Lankoande, Bruno" uniqKey="Lankoande B" first="Bruno" last="Lankoande">Bruno Lankoande</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Soura, Abdramane Bassiahi" sort="Soura, Abdramane Bassiahi" uniqKey="Soura A" first="Abdramane Bassiahi" last="Soura">Abdramane Bassiahi Soura</name>
</country>
<country name="Allemagne">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Meyer, Christian G" sort="Meyer, Christian G" uniqKey="Meyer C" first="Christian G." last="Meyer">Christian G. Meyer</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Sénégal">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Gassama Sow, Amy" sort="Gassama Sow, Amy" uniqKey="Gassama Sow A" first="Amy" last="Gassama Sow">Amy Gassama Sow</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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