Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV-1 Coinfection in Two Informal Urban Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya
Identifieur interne : 001613 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001612; suivant : 001614Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV-1 Coinfection in Two Informal Urban Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya
Auteurs : Glennah Kerubo [Kenya] ; Samoel Khamadi [Kenya] ; Vincent Okoth [Kenya] ; Nyovani Madise [Kenya] ; Alex Ezeh [Kenya] ; Ziraba Abdalla [Kenya] ; Matilu Mwau [Kenya]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
HIV-1 and Hepatitis B and C viruses coinfection is common in Sub-Saharan Africa due to similar routes of transmission and high levels of poverty. Most studies on HIV-1 and Hepatitis B and C viruses have occurred in hospital settings and blood transfusion units. Data on Hepatitis B and C viruses and HIV-1 coinfection in informal urban settlements in Kenya are scanty, yet they could partly explain the disproportionately high morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 infections in these slums.
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV and Hepatitis B and C dual infection in urban slums in Nairobi.
Blood samples were collected from residents of Viwandani and Korogocho between 2006 and 2007. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic data from participants. Samples were screened for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV and anti-HIV-1. Statistical analysis was done using STATA.
Samples were successfully collected from 418 (32%) men and 890 (68%) females. The HIV-1, HBV and HCV prevalence was 20.4%, 13.3% and 0.76% respectively at the time of the study. Of the 268 (20.4%) HIV-1 positive participants, 56 (4.26%) had HBV while 6 (0.46%) had HCV. Of the 1041 HIV-1 negative participants, 117 (8.9%) had HBV while 4 (0.31%) had HCV. Only two people (0.15%) were co-infected with all the three viruses together.
The odds of getting hepatitis infection were higher in HIV-1 participants (for HBV OR 2.08,p<0.005 and for HCV OR 5.93, p<0.005). HIV prevalence rates were similar in both informal settlements. HIV infection was highest in age group 35-39 years and among the divorced/separated or widowed. Prevalence of all viruses was highest in those who did not have any formal education.
The HIV prevalence in these informal settlements suggests a higher rate than what is observed nationally. The prevalence rates of HBV are significantly higher in the HIV-1 positive and negative populations. HCV as well as triple HIV-1, HBV and HCV coinfection are uncommon in Korogocho and Viwandani. This clearly indicates the need for HIV-1 control programmes and hepatitis B virus vaccination to be promoted through public awareness as preventive strategy.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129247
PubMed: 26068212
PubMed Central: 4466314
Affiliations:
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Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Okoth, Vincent" sort="Okoth, Vincent" uniqKey="Okoth V" first="Vincent" last="Okoth">Vincent Okoth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Madise, Nyovani" sort="Madise, Nyovani" uniqKey="Madise N" first="Nyovani" last="Madise">Nyovani Madise</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>African Population Health Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>African Population Health Research Centre, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ezeh, Alex" sort="Ezeh, Alex" uniqKey="Ezeh A" first="Alex" last="Ezeh">Alex Ezeh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>African Population Health Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>African Population Health Research Centre, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdalla, Ziraba" sort="Abdalla, Ziraba" uniqKey="Abdalla Z" first="Ziraba" last="Abdalla">Ziraba Abdalla</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>African Population Health Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>African Population Health Research Centre, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mwau, Matilu" sort="Mwau, Matilu" uniqKey="Mwau M" first="Matilu" last="Mwau">Matilu Mwau</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Centre for Infectious and Parasitic Disease Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Busia, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Infectious and Parasitic Disease Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Busia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Busia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26068212</idno><idno type="pmc">4466314</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4466314</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4466314</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0129247</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno 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first="Glennah" last="Kerubo">Glennah Kerubo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Institute of Tropical Medicine and infectious Diseases, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and technology, Nairobi, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Tropical Medicine and infectious Diseases, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and technology, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khamadi, Samoel" sort="Khamadi, Samoel" uniqKey="Khamadi S" first="Samoel" last="Khamadi">Samoel Khamadi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Okoth, Vincent" sort="Okoth, Vincent" uniqKey="Okoth V" first="Vincent" last="Okoth">Vincent Okoth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Madise, Nyovani" sort="Madise, Nyovani" uniqKey="Madise N" first="Nyovani" last="Madise">Nyovani Madise</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>African Population Health Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>African Population Health Research Centre, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ezeh, Alex" sort="Ezeh, Alex" uniqKey="Ezeh A" first="Alex" last="Ezeh">Alex Ezeh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>African Population Health Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>African Population Health Research Centre, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdalla, Ziraba" sort="Abdalla, Ziraba" uniqKey="Abdalla Z" first="Ziraba" last="Abdalla">Ziraba Abdalla</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>African Population Health Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>African Population Health Research Centre, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mwau, Matilu" sort="Mwau, Matilu" uniqKey="Mwau M" first="Matilu" last="Mwau">Matilu Mwau</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Centre for Infectious and Parasitic Disease Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Busia, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Infectious and Parasitic Disease Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Busia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Busia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="sec001"><title>Background</title><p>HIV-1 and Hepatitis B and C viruses coinfection is common in Sub-Saharan Africa due to similar routes of transmission and high levels of poverty. Most studies on HIV-1 and Hepatitis B and C viruses have occurred in hospital settings and blood transfusion units. Data on Hepatitis B and C viruses and HIV-1 coinfection in informal urban settlements in Kenya are scanty, yet they could partly explain the disproportionately high morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 infections in these slums.</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Objectives</title><p>The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV and Hepatitis B and C dual infection in urban slums in Nairobi.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Methods</title><p>Blood samples were collected from residents of Viwandani and Korogocho between 2006 and 2007. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic data from participants. Samples were screened for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV and anti-HIV-1. Statistical analysis was done using STATA.</p></sec><sec id="sec004"><title>Results</title><p>Samples were successfully collected from 418 (32%) men and 890 (68%) females. The HIV-1, HBV and HCV prevalence was 20.4%, 13.3% and 0.76% respectively at the time of the study. Of the 268 (20.4%) HIV-1 positive participants, 56 (4.26%) had HBV while 6 (0.46%) had HCV. Of the 1041 HIV-1 negative participants, 117 (8.9%) had HBV while 4 (0.31%) had HCV. Only two people (0.15%) were co-infected with all the three viruses together.</p></sec><sec id="sec005"><title>Discussion</title><p>The odds of getting hepatitis infection were higher in HIV-1 participants (for HBV OR 2.08,p<0.005 and for HCV OR 5.93, p<0.005). HIV prevalence rates were similar in both informal settlements. HIV infection was highest in age group 35-39 years and among the divorced/separated or widowed. Prevalence of all viruses was highest in those who did not have any formal education.</p></sec><sec id="sec006"><title>Conclusion</title><p>The HIV prevalence in these informal settlements suggests a higher rate than what is observed nationally. The prevalence rates of HBV are significantly higher in the HIV-1 positive and negative populations. HCV as well as triple HIV-1, HBV and HCV coinfection are uncommon in Korogocho and Viwandani. 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Jordan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kapembwa, Kc" uniqKey="Kapembwa K">KC Kapembwa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goldman, Jd" uniqKey="Goldman J">JD Goldman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lakhi, S" uniqKey="Lakhi S">S Lakhi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Banda, Y" uniqKey="Banda Y">Y Banda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bowa, K" uniqKey="Bowa K">K Bowa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vermund, Sh" uniqKey="Vermund S">SH Vermund</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mboto, Ci" uniqKey="Mboto C">CI Mboto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fielder, M" uniqKey="Fielder M">M Fielder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Davies Russell, A" uniqKey="Davies Russell A">A Davies-Russell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jewell, Ap" uniqKey="Jewell A">AP Jewell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rouet, F" uniqKey="Rouet F">F Rouet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chaix, Ml" uniqKey="Chaix M">ML Chaix</name></author><author><name sortKey="Inwoley, A" uniqKey="Inwoley A">A Inwoley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Msellati, P" uniqKey="Msellati P">P Msellati</name></author><author><name sortKey="Viho, I" uniqKey="Viho I">I Viho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Combe, P" uniqKey="Combe P">P Combe</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Otegbayo, Ja" uniqKey="Otegbayo J">JA Otegbayo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taiwo, Bo" uniqKey="Taiwo B">BO Taiwo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akingbola, Ts" uniqKey="Akingbola T">TS Akingbola</name></author><author><name sortKey="Odaibo, Gn" uniqKey="Odaibo G">GN Odaibo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adedapo, Ks" uniqKey="Adedapo K">KS Adedapo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Penugonda, S" uniqKey="Penugonda S">S Penugonda</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taiwo Modupe, B" uniqKey="Taiwo Modupe B">B Taiwo Modupe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Samuel Efolorunso, Eo" uniqKey="Samuel Efolorunso E">EO Samuel EFolorunso</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moore, E" uniqKey="Moore E">E Moore</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beadsworth, Mb" uniqKey="Beadsworth M">MB Beadsworth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chaponda, M" uniqKey="Chaponda M">M Chaponda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mhango, B" uniqKey="Mhango B">B Mhango</name></author><author><name sortKey="Faragher, B" uniqKey="Faragher B">B Faragher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Njala, J" uniqKey="Njala J">J Njala</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Kenya</li></country></list><tree><country name="Kenya"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kerubo, Glennah" sort="Kerubo, Glennah" uniqKey="Kerubo G" first="Glennah" last="Kerubo">Glennah Kerubo</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Abdalla, Ziraba" sort="Abdalla, Ziraba" uniqKey="Abdalla Z" first="Ziraba" last="Abdalla">Ziraba Abdalla</name><name sortKey="Ezeh, Alex" sort="Ezeh, Alex" uniqKey="Ezeh A" first="Alex" last="Ezeh">Alex Ezeh</name><name sortKey="Khamadi, Samoel" sort="Khamadi, Samoel" uniqKey="Khamadi S" first="Samoel" last="Khamadi">Samoel Khamadi</name><name sortKey="Madise, Nyovani" sort="Madise, Nyovani" uniqKey="Madise N" first="Nyovani" last="Madise">Nyovani Madise</name><name sortKey="Mwau, Matilu" sort="Mwau, Matilu" uniqKey="Mwau M" first="Matilu" last="Mwau">Matilu Mwau</name><name sortKey="Okoth, Vincent" sort="Okoth, Vincent" uniqKey="Okoth V" first="Vincent" last="Okoth">Vincent Okoth</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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