Trends in childhood mortality in Kenya: The urban advantage has seemingly been wiped out
Identifieur interne : 001973 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001972; suivant : 001974Trends in childhood mortality in Kenya: The urban advantage has seemingly been wiped out
Auteurs : E. W. Kimani-Murage [Kenya] ; J. C. Fotso [États-Unis] ; T. Egondi [Kenya] ; B. Abuya [Kenya] ; P. Elungata [Kenya] ; A. K. Ziraba [Kenya] ; C. W. Kabiru [Kenya] ; N. Madise [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Health & Place [ 1353-8292 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
We describe trends in childhood mortality in Kenya, paying attention to the urban–rural and intra-urban differentials.
We use data from the Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys (KDHS) collected between 1993 and 2008 and the Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS) collected in two Nairobi slums between 2003 and 2010, to estimate infant mortality rate (IMR), child mortality rate (CMR) and under-five mortality rate (U5MR).
Between 1993 and 2008, there was a downward trend in IMR, CMR and U5MR in both rural and urban areas. The decline was more rapid and statistically significant in rural areas but not in urban areas, hence the gap in urban–rural differentials narrowed over time. There was also a downward trend in childhood mortality in the slums between 2003 and 2010 from 83 to 57 for IMR, 33 to 24 for CMR, and 113 to 79 for U5MR, although the rates remained higher compared to those for rural and non-slum urban areas in Kenya.
The narrowing gap between urban and rural areas may be attributed to the deplorable living conditions in urban slums. To reduce childhood mortality, extra emphasis is needed on the urban slums.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.06.003
PubMed: 25024120
PubMed Central: 4158907
Affiliations:
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Fotso</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff0010">Concern Worldwide, New York, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Concern Worldwide, New York</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Egondi, T" sort="Egondi, T" uniqKey="Egondi T" first="T." last="Egondi">T. Egondi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0005">African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. 10787, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. 10787, 00100 Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>00100 Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abuya, B" sort="Abuya, B" uniqKey="Abuya B" first="B." last="Abuya">B. Abuya</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0005">African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. 10787, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. 10787, 00100 Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>00100 Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elungata, P" sort="Elungata, P" uniqKey="Elungata P" first="P." last="Elungata">P. Elungata</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0005">African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. 10787, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. 10787, 00100 Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>00100 Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ziraba, A K" sort="Ziraba, A K" uniqKey="Ziraba A" first="A. K." last="Ziraba">A. K. 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Madise</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0015">Centre for Global Health, Population, Poverty, Policy University of Southampton, Southampton, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Global Health, Population, Poverty, Policy University of Southampton, Southampton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25024120</idno><idno type="pmc">4158907</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4158907</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4158907</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.06.003</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002472</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002472</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002471</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002471</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001004</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001004</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002A48</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">002A48</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">002A48</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">1353-8292:2014:Kimani Murage E:trends:in:childhood</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">001975</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001973</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">001973</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Trends in childhood mortality in Kenya: The urban advantage has seemingly been wiped out</title><author><name sortKey="Kimani Murage, E W" sort="Kimani Murage, E W" uniqKey="Kimani Murage E" first="E. W." last="Kimani-Murage">E. W. Kimani-Murage</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0005">African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. 10787, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. 10787, 00100 Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>00100 Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fotso, J C" sort="Fotso, J C" uniqKey="Fotso J" first="J. C." last="Fotso">J. C. Fotso</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff0010">Concern Worldwide, New York, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Concern Worldwide, New York</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Egondi, T" sort="Egondi, T" uniqKey="Egondi T" first="T." last="Egondi">T. Egondi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0005">African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. 10787, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. 10787, 00100 Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>00100 Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abuya, B" sort="Abuya, B" uniqKey="Abuya B" first="B." last="Abuya">B. Abuya</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0005">African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. 10787, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. 10787, 00100 Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>00100 Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elungata, P" sort="Elungata, P" uniqKey="Elungata P" first="P." last="Elungata">P. Elungata</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0005">African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. 10787, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. 10787, 00100 Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>00100 Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ziraba, A K" sort="Ziraba, A K" uniqKey="Ziraba A" first="A. K." last="Ziraba">A. K. Ziraba</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0005">African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. 10787, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. 10787, 00100 Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>00100 Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kabiru, C W" sort="Kabiru, C W" uniqKey="Kabiru C" first="C. W." last="Kabiru">C. W. Kabiru</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0005">African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. 10787, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. 10787, 00100 Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>00100 Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Madise, N" sort="Madise, N" uniqKey="Madise N" first="N." last="Madise">N. Madise</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0015">Centre for Global Health, Population, Poverty, Policy University of Southampton, Southampton, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Global Health, Population, Poverty, Policy University of Southampton, Southampton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Health & Place</title><idno type="ISSN">1353-8292</idno><idno type="eISSN">1873-2054</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>We describe trends in childhood mortality in Kenya, paying attention to the urban–rural and intra-urban differentials.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We use data from the Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys (KDHS) collected between 1993 and 2008 and the Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS) collected in two Nairobi slums between 2003 and 2010, to estimate infant mortality rate (IMR), child mortality rate (CMR) and under-five mortality rate (U5MR).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Between 1993 and 2008, there was a downward trend in IMR, CMR and U5MR in both rural and urban areas. The decline was more rapid and statistically significant in rural areas but not in urban areas, hence the gap in urban–rural differentials narrowed over time. There was also a downward trend in childhood mortality in the slums between 2003 and 2010 from 83 to 57 for IMR, 33 to 24 for CMR, and 113 to 79 for U5MR, although the rates remained higher compared to those for rural and non-slum urban areas in Kenya.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>The narrowing gap between urban and rural areas may be attributed to the deplorable living conditions in urban slums. To reduce childhood mortality, extra emphasis is needed on the urban slums.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="African Population And Health Research Center" uniqKey="African Population And Health Research Center">African Population and Health Research Center</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="African Population And Health Research Center" uniqKey="African Population And Health Research Center">African Population and Health Research Center</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bocquier, P" uniqKey="Bocquier P">P. Bocquier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Madise, N J" uniqKey="Madise N">N.J. Madise</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zulu, E M" uniqKey="Zulu E">E.M. Zulu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brockerhoff, M" uniqKey="Brockerhoff M">M. 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Ettarh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="National Research Council" uniqKey="National Research Council">National Research Council</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ndirangu, J" uniqKey="Ndirangu J">J. Ndirangu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rutstein, S O" uniqKey="Rutstein S">S.O. Rutstein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rojas, G" uniqKey="Rojas G">G. Rojas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sampson, R J" uniqKey="Sampson R">R.J. Sampson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morenoff, J D" uniqKey="Morenoff J">J.D. Morenoff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gannon Rowley, T" uniqKey="Gannon Rowley T">T. Gannon-Rowley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sastry, N" uniqKey="Sastry N">N. Sastry</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sastry, N" uniqKey="Sastry N">N. Sastry</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Unhabitat" uniqKey="Unhabitat">Unhabitat</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Unhabitat" uniqKey="Unhabitat">Unhabitat</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Walker, N" uniqKey="Walker N">N. Walker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hill, K" uniqKey="Hill K">K. Hill</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, F" uniqKey="Zhao F">F. Zhao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weeks, J R" uniqKey="Weeks J">J.R. Weeks</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="World Bank" uniqKey="World Bank">World Bank</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zaba, B" uniqKey="Zaba B">B Zaba</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marston, M" uniqKey="Marston M">M Marston</name></author><author><name sortKey="Floyd, S" uniqKey="Floyd S">S Floyd</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van De Poel, E" uniqKey="Van De Poel E">E. Van de Poel</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Donnell, O" uniqKey="O Donnell O">O. O׳Donnell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Doorslaer, E" uniqKey="Van Doorslaer E">E. Van Doorslaer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Kenya</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>État de New York</li></region></list><tree><country name="Kenya"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kimani Murage, E W" sort="Kimani Murage, E W" uniqKey="Kimani Murage E" first="E. W." last="Kimani-Murage">E. W. Kimani-Murage</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Abuya, B" sort="Abuya, B" uniqKey="Abuya B" first="B." last="Abuya">B. Abuya</name><name sortKey="Egondi, T" sort="Egondi, T" uniqKey="Egondi T" first="T." last="Egondi">T. Egondi</name><name sortKey="Elungata, P" sort="Elungata, P" uniqKey="Elungata P" first="P." last="Elungata">P. Elungata</name><name sortKey="Kabiru, C W" sort="Kabiru, C W" uniqKey="Kabiru C" first="C. W." last="Kabiru">C. W. Kabiru</name><name sortKey="Ziraba, A K" sort="Ziraba, A K" uniqKey="Ziraba A" first="A. K." last="Ziraba">A. K. Ziraba</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="État de New York"><name sortKey="Fotso, J C" sort="Fotso, J C" uniqKey="Fotso J" first="J. C." last="Fotso">J. C. Fotso</name></region></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Madise, N" sort="Madise, N" uniqKey="Madise N" first="N." last="Madise">N. Madise</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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