Prevalence of HIV-associated ophthalmic disease among patients enrolling for antiretroviral treatment in India: A cross-sectional study
Identifieur interne : 005248 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 005247; suivant : 005249Prevalence of HIV-associated ophthalmic disease among patients enrolling for antiretroviral treatment in India: A cross-sectional study
Auteurs : Sophia Pathai [Royaume-Uni] ; Alaka Deshpande [Inde] ; Clare Gilbert [Royaume-Uni] ; Stephen D. Lawn [Afrique du Sud, Royaume-Uni]Source :
- BMC Infectious Diseases [ 1471-2334 ] ; 2009.
Abstract
The ocular manifestations of HIV may lead to visual impairment or blindness. In India, patients typically initiate antiretroviral treatment (ART) with low CD4 cell counts when the risk of ocular complications may be high. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and types of HIV-associated ocular conditions in patients referred for ART in India.
This cross-sectional study was undertaken at a large public sector ART centre in Mumbai, India. Data collection including a standardised symptom screen, and an ophthalmic examination were performed on all consecutive patients satisfying the criteria for enrolment into the ART clinic irrespective of the presence or absence of ophthalmic/visual symptoms.
Enrolled patients (n = 149) had a median CD4 cell count of 180 cell/μL (inter-quartile range [IQR], 106-253 cells/μL). The prevalence of HIV-associated ocular disease was 17.5% (95% CI, 11.2-23.6%) in all participants and 23.8% (95% CI: 14.5-33.1) in those with CD4 cell counts <200 cells/μL (n = 84). Only 7.7% of patients with HIV-associated ocular disease reported any eye symptoms in the standardised symptom screen. Objective visual impairment was detected in 20% of those with HIV-associated ocular disease compared to 6% in those without ocular manifestations (p = 0.02). Vitreoretinal disease was the most common manifestation, of which cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) was the most frequent retinal infection (overall prevalence 8.7%, 95% CI: 4.1-13.3%). In a multivariable analysis, HIV-associated ocular disease was independently associated with a CD4 count <100 cells/μL (odds ratio [OR], 6.3, 95% CI: 1.5-25.9) and WHO clinical stages 3 and 4 (OR 9.4, 95% CI: 2.4-37.2). However, symptoms were not independently predictive of ocular disease. Sensitivity of ocular symptom screening was 7.7%, with a positive predictive value of 18% in this population.
Over a fifth of unselected patients who are eligible for ART in this setting have HIV-related ocular disease of which CMVR is the most common form. Such patients may be at risk of developing ocular immune reconstitution phenomena during ART. Screening for ocular symptoms is not a reliable method to identify those with ocular morbidity and this highlights the need for routine ophthalmic screening prior to commencement of ART.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-9-158
PubMed: 19775470
PubMed Central: 2759932
Affiliations:
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Lawn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I4">Clinical Research Unit, Department of infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Research Unit, Department of infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC Infectious Diseases</title><idno type="eISSN">1471-2334</idno><imprint><date when="2009">2009</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>The ocular manifestations of HIV may lead to visual impairment or blindness. In India, patients typically initiate antiretroviral treatment (ART) with low CD4 cell counts when the risk of ocular complications may be high. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and types of HIV-associated ocular conditions in patients referred for ART in India.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>This cross-sectional study was undertaken at a large public sector ART centre in Mumbai, India. Data collection including a standardised symptom screen, and an ophthalmic examination were performed on all consecutive patients satisfying the criteria for enrolment into the ART clinic irrespective of the presence or absence of ophthalmic/visual symptoms.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Enrolled patients (n = 149) had a median CD4 cell count of 180 cell/μL (inter-quartile range [IQR], 106-253 cells/μL). The prevalence of HIV-associated ocular disease was 17.5% (95% CI, 11.2-23.6%) in all participants and 23.8% (95% CI: 14.5-33.1) in those with CD4 cell counts <200 cells/μL (n = 84). Only 7.7% of patients with HIV-associated ocular disease reported any eye symptoms in the standardised symptom screen. Objective visual impairment was detected in 20% of those with HIV-associated ocular disease compared to 6% in those without ocular manifestations (p = 0.02). Vitreoretinal disease was the most common manifestation, of which cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) was the most frequent retinal infection (overall prevalence 8.7%, 95% CI: 4.1-13.3%). In a multivariable analysis, HIV-associated ocular disease was independently associated with a CD4 count <100 cells/μL (odds ratio [OR], 6.3, 95% CI: 1.5-25.9) and WHO clinical stages 3 and 4 (OR 9.4, 95% CI: 2.4-37.2). However, symptoms were not independently predictive of ocular disease. Sensitivity of ocular symptom screening was 7.7%, with a positive predictive value of 18% in this population.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Over a fifth of unselected patients who are eligible for ART in this setting have HIV-related ocular disease of which CMVR is the most common form. Such patients may be at risk of developing ocular immune reconstitution phenomena during ART. Screening for ocular symptoms is not a reliable method to identify those with ocular morbidity and this highlights the need for routine ophthalmic screening prior to commencement of ART.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kestelyn, Pg" uniqKey="Kestelyn P">PG Kestelyn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cunningham, Et" uniqKey="Cunningham E">ET Cunningham</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jaffar, S" uniqKey="Jaffar S">S Jaffar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ariyoshi, K" uniqKey="Ariyoshi K">K Ariyoshi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frith, P" uniqKey="Frith P">P Frith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Okouchi, Y" uniqKey="Okouchi Y">Y Okouchi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sabally, S" uniqKey="Sabally S">S Sabally</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ajewole, T" uniqKey="Ajewole T">T Ajewole</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bailey, 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uniqKey="Rodriguez W">WR Rodriguez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Margolis, T" uniqKey="Margolis T">T Margolis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Janssens, B" uniqKey="Janssens B">B Janssens</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bedelu, M" uniqKey="Bedelu M">M Bedelu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tun, N" uniqKey="Tun N">N Tun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goemaere, E" uniqKey="Goemaere E">E Goemaere</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saranchuk, P" uniqKey="Saranchuk P">P Saranchuk</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li><li>Inde</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Grand Londres</li></region><settlement><li>Londres</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Pathai, Sophia" sort="Pathai, Sophia" uniqKey="Pathai S" first="Sophia" last="Pathai">Sophia Pathai</name></region><name sortKey="Gilbert, Clare" sort="Gilbert, Clare" uniqKey="Gilbert C" first="Clare" last="Gilbert">Clare Gilbert</name><name sortKey="Gilbert, Clare" sort="Gilbert, Clare" uniqKey="Gilbert C" first="Clare" last="Gilbert">Clare Gilbert</name><name sortKey="Lawn, Stephen D" sort="Lawn, Stephen D" uniqKey="Lawn S" first="Stephen D" last="Lawn">Stephen D. Lawn</name></country><country name="Inde"><noRegion><name sortKey="Deshpande, Alaka" sort="Deshpande, Alaka" uniqKey="Deshpande A" first="Alaka" last="Deshpande">Alaka Deshpande</name></noRegion></country><country name="Afrique du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lawn, Stephen D" sort="Lawn, Stephen D" uniqKey="Lawn S" first="Stephen D" last="Lawn">Stephen D. Lawn</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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