Novel simian foamy virus infections from multiple monkey species in women from the Democratic Republic of Congo
Identifieur interne : 003257 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 003256; suivant : 003258Novel simian foamy virus infections from multiple monkey species in women from the Democratic Republic of Congo
Auteurs : William M. Switzer [États-Unis] ; Shaohua Tang [États-Unis] ; Steve Ahuka-Mundeke [France] ; Anupama Shankar [États-Unis] ; Debra L. Hanson [États-Unis] ; Haoqiang Zheng [États-Unis] ; Ahidjo Ayouba [France] ; Nathan D. Wolfe [États-Unis] ; Matthew Lebreton [États-Unis] ; Cyrille F. Djoko [États-Unis] ; Ubald Tamoufe [États-Unis] ; Amandine Esteban [France] ; Walid Heneine [États-Unis] ; Martine Peeters [France] ; Linda L. Wright [États-Unis] ; Jean Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum ; Emile Okitolonda Wemakoy ; Prime Mulembakani ; Nicole A. Hoff [États-Unis] ; Anne W. Rimoin [États-Unis]Source :
- Retrovirology [ 1742-4690 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Zoonotic transmission of simian retroviruses in Central Africa is ongoing and can result in pandemic human infection. While simian foamy virus (SFV) infection was reported in primate hunters in Cameroon and Gabon, little is known about the distribution of SFV in Africa and whether human-to-human transmission and disease occur. We screened 3,334 plasmas from persons living in rural villages in central Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) using SFV-specific EIA and Western blot (WB) tests. PCR amplification of SFV polymerase sequences from DNA extracted from buffy coats was used to measure proviral loads. Phylogenetic analysis was used to define the NHP species origin of SFV. Participants completed questionnaires to capture NHP exposure information.
Sixteen (0.5%) samples were WB-positive; 12 of 16 were from women (75%, 95% confidence limits 47.6%, 92.7%). Sequence analysis detected SFV in three women originating from Angolan colobus or red-tailed monkeys; both monkeys are hunted frequently in DRC. NHP exposure varied and infected women lived in distant villages suggesting a wide and potentially diverse distribution of SFV infections across DRC. Plasmas from 22 contacts of 8 WB-positive participants were all WB negative suggesting no secondary viral transmission. Proviral loads in the three women ranged from 14 – 1,755 copies/105 cells.
Our study documents SFV infection in rural DRC for the first time and identifies infections with novel SFV variants from Colobus and red-tailed monkeys. Unlike previous studies, women were not at lower risk for SFV infection in our population, providing opportunities for spread of SFV both horizontally and vertically. However, limited testing of close contacts of WB-positive persons did not identify human-to-human transmission. Combined with the broad behavioral risk and distribution of NHPs across DRC, our results suggest that SFV infection may have a wider geographic distribution within DRC. These results also reinforce the potential for an increased SFV prevalence throughout the forested regions of Africa where humans and simians co-exist. Our finding of endemic foci of SFV infection in DRC will facilitate longitudinal studies to determine the potential for person-to-person transmissibility and pathogenicity of these zoonotic retroviral infections.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-100
PubMed: 23217108
PubMed Central: 3524035
Affiliations:
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Le document en format XML
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<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I2">Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heneine, Walid" sort="Heneine, Walid" uniqKey="Heneine W" first="Walid" last="Heneine">Walid Heneine</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>30333</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peeters, Martine" sort="Peeters, Martine" uniqKey="Peeters M" first="Martine" last="Peeters">Martine Peeters</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I2">Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wright, Linda L" sort="Wright, Linda L" uniqKey="Wright L" first="Linda L" last="Wright">Linda L. Wright</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, 20892</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>20892</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muyembe Tamfum, Jean Jacques" sort="Muyembe Tamfum, Jean Jacques" uniqKey="Muyembe Tamfum J" first="Jean Jacques" last="Muyembe-Tamfum">Jean Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I3">Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Democratic Republic of Congo</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wemakoy, Emile Okitolonda" sort="Wemakoy, Emile Okitolonda" uniqKey="Wemakoy E" first="Emile Okitolonda" last="Wemakoy">Emile Okitolonda Wemakoy</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I6">Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Democratic Republic of Congo</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mulembakani, Prime" sort="Mulembakani, Prime" uniqKey="Mulembakani P" first="Prime" last="Mulembakani">Prime Mulembakani</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I6">Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Democratic Republic of Congo</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hoff, Nicole A" sort="Hoff, Nicole A" uniqKey="Hoff N" first="Nicole A" last="Hoff">Nicole A. Hoff</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I7">Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>90095</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rimoin, Anne W" sort="Rimoin, Anne W" uniqKey="Rimoin A" first="Anne W" last="Rimoin">Anne W. Rimoin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I7">Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>90095</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Retrovirology</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1742-4690</idno>
<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Zoonotic transmission of simian retroviruses in Central Africa is ongoing and can result in pandemic human infection. While simian foamy virus (SFV) infection was reported in primate hunters in Cameroon and Gabon, little is known about the distribution of SFV in Africa and whether human-to-human transmission and disease occur. We screened 3,334 plasmas from persons living in rural villages in central Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) using SFV-specific EIA and Western blot (WB) tests. PCR amplification of SFV polymerase sequences from DNA extracted from buffy coats was used to measure proviral loads. Phylogenetic analysis was used to define the NHP species origin of SFV. Participants completed questionnaires to capture NHP exposure information.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>Sixteen (0.5%) samples were WB-positive; 12 of 16 were from women (75%, 95% confidence limits 47.6%, 92.7%). Sequence analysis detected SFV in three women originating from Angolan colobus or red-tailed monkeys; both monkeys are hunted frequently in DRC. NHP exposure varied and infected women lived in distant villages suggesting a wide and potentially diverse distribution of SFV infections across DRC. Plasmas from 22 contacts of 8 WB-positive participants were all WB negative suggesting no secondary viral transmission. Proviral loads in the three women ranged from 14 – 1,755 copies/10<sup>5</sup>
cells.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>Our study documents SFV infection in rural DRC for the first time and identifies infections with novel SFV variants from Colobus and red-tailed monkeys. Unlike previous studies, women were not at lower risk for SFV infection in our population, providing opportunities for spread of SFV both horizontally and vertically. However, limited testing of close contacts of WB-positive persons did not identify human-to-human transmission. Combined with the broad behavioral risk and distribution of NHPs across DRC, our results suggest that SFV infection may have a wider geographic distribution within DRC. These results also reinforce the potential for an increased SFV prevalence throughout the forested regions of Africa where humans and simians co-exist. Our finding of endemic foci of SFV infection in DRC will facilitate longitudinal studies to determine the potential for person-to-person transmissibility and pathogenicity of these zoonotic retroviral infections.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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