Malarial Anaemia and Anaemia Severity in Apparently Healthy Primary School Children in Urban and Rural Settings in the Mount Cameroon Area: Cross Sectional Survey
Identifieur interne : 001547 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001546; suivant : 001548Malarial Anaemia and Anaemia Severity in Apparently Healthy Primary School Children in Urban and Rural Settings in the Mount Cameroon Area: Cross Sectional Survey
Auteurs : Irene Ule Ngole Sumbele [Cameroun] ; Helen Kuokuo Kimbi [Cameroun] ; Judith Lum Ndamukong-Nyanga [Cameroun] ; Malaika Nweboh [Cameroun] ; Judith Kuoh Anchang-Kimbi [Cameroun] ; Emmaculate Lum [Cameroun] ; Yannick Nana [Cameroun] ; Kenneth K. J. Ndamukong [Cameroun] ; Leopold G. Lehman [Cameroun]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
This study examines the relative importance of living in an urban versus rural setting and malaria in contributing to the public health problem of malarial anaemia (MA) and anaemia respectively in apparently healthy primary school children.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 727 school children aged between four and 15 years living in an urban (302) and rural (425) settings in the Mount Cameroon area. Blood sample collected from each child was used for the preparation of blood films for detection of malaria parasites and assessment of malaria parasite density as well as full blood count determination using an automated haematology analyzer. Based on haemoglobin (Hb) measurements, children with malaria parasitaemia were stratified into MA (Hb<11g/dL); mild MA (Hb of 8–10.9g/dL); moderate MA (Hb of 6.1–7.9g/dL) and severe MA (Hb≤6g/dL). Evaluation of potential determinants of MA and anaemia was performed by multinomial logistic-regression analysis and odds ratios used to evaluate risk factors.
Out of the 727 children examined, 72 (9.9%) had MA. The prevalence of MA and anaemia were significantly higher (χ2 = 36.5, P <0.001; χ2 = 16.19, P <0.001 respectively) in children in the urban (17.9%; 26.8% respectively) than in the rural area (4.2%; 14.8% respectively). Majority of the MA cases were mild (88.9%), with moderate (5.6%) and severe MA (5.6%) occurring in the urban area only. The age group ≤6years was significantly (P <0.05) associated with both MA and anaemia. In addition, low parasite density was associated with MA while malaria parasite negative and microcytosis were associated with anaemia.
Malarial anaemia and anaemia display heterogeneity and complexity that differ with the type of settlement. The presence of severe MA and the contributions of the age group ≤6 years, low parasite density and microcytosis to the public health problem of MA and anaemia are noteworthy.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123549
PubMed: 25893500
PubMed Central: 4403990
Affiliations:
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Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kimbi, Helen Kuokuo" sort="Kimbi, Helen Kuokuo" uniqKey="Kimbi H" first="Helen Kuokuo" last="Kimbi">Helen Kuokuo Kimbi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ndamukong Nyanga, Judith Lum" sort="Ndamukong Nyanga, Judith Lum" uniqKey="Ndamukong Nyanga J" first="Judith Lum" last="Ndamukong-Nyanga">Judith Lum Ndamukong-Nyanga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaoundé</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nweboh, Malaika" sort="Nweboh, Malaika" uniqKey="Nweboh M" first="Malaika" last="Nweboh">Malaika Nweboh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anchang Kimbi, Judith Kuoh" sort="Anchang Kimbi, Judith Kuoh" uniqKey="Anchang Kimbi J" first="Judith Kuoh" last="Anchang-Kimbi">Judith Kuoh Anchang-Kimbi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lum, Emmaculate" sort="Lum, Emmaculate" uniqKey="Lum E" first="Emmaculate" last="Lum">Emmaculate Lum</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nana, Yannick" sort="Nana, Yannick" uniqKey="Nana Y" first="Yannick" last="Nana">Yannick Nana</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ndamukong, Kenneth K J" sort="Ndamukong, Kenneth K J" uniqKey="Ndamukong K" first="Kenneth K. J." last="Ndamukong">Kenneth K. J. Ndamukong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lehman, Leopold G" sort="Lehman, Leopold G" uniqKey="Lehman L" first="Leopold G." last="Lehman">Leopold G. Lehman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Douala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="sec001"><title>Background</title><p>This study examines the relative importance of living in an urban versus rural setting and malaria in contributing to the public health problem of malarial anaemia (MA) and anaemia respectively in apparently healthy primary school children.</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Methods</title><p>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 727 school children aged between four and 15 years living in an urban (302) and rural (425) settings in the Mount Cameroon area. Blood sample collected from each child was used for the preparation of blood films for detection of malaria parasites and assessment of malaria parasite density as well as full blood count determination using an automated haematology analyzer. Based on haemoglobin (Hb) measurements, children with malaria parasitaemia were stratified into MA (Hb<11g/dL); mild MA (Hb of 8–10.9g/dL); moderate MA (Hb of 6.1–7.9g/dL) and severe MA (Hb≤6g/dL). Evaluation of potential determinants of MA and anaemia was performed by multinomial logistic-regression analysis and odds ratios used to evaluate risk factors.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Results</title><p>Out of the 727 children examined, 72 (9.9%) had MA. The prevalence of MA and anaemia were significantly higher (χ<sup>2</sup> = 36.5, P <0.001; χ<sup>2</sup> = 16.19, P <0.001 respectively) in children in the urban (17.9%; 26.8% respectively) than in the rural area (4.2%; 14.8% respectively). Majority of the MA cases were mild (88.9%), with moderate (5.6%) and severe MA (5.6%) occurring in the urban area only. The age group ≤6years was significantly (P <0.05) associated with both MA and anaemia. In addition, low parasite density was associated with MA while malaria parasite negative and microcytosis were associated with anaemia.</p></sec><sec id="sec004"><title>Conclusions</title><p>Malarial anaemia and anaemia display heterogeneity and complexity that differ with the type of settlement. The presence of severe MA and the contributions of the age group ≤6 years, low parasite density and microcytosis to the public health problem of MA and anaemia are noteworthy.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bjorkman, A" uniqKey="Bjorkman A">A Bjorkman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Menendez, C" uniqKey="Menendez C">C Menendez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fleming, Af" uniqKey="Fleming A">AF Fleming</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alonso, Pl" uniqKey="Alonso P">PL Alonso</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Casals Pascual, C" uniqKey="Casals Pascual C">C Casals-Pascual</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kai, O" uniqKey="Kai O">O Kai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cheung, Jop" uniqKey="Cheung J">JOP Cheung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, S" 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Judith Kuoh" sort="Anchang Kimbi, Judith Kuoh" uniqKey="Anchang Kimbi J" first="Judith Kuoh" last="Anchang-Kimbi">Judith Kuoh Anchang-Kimbi</name><name sortKey="Kimbi, Helen Kuokuo" sort="Kimbi, Helen Kuokuo" uniqKey="Kimbi H" first="Helen Kuokuo" last="Kimbi">Helen Kuokuo Kimbi</name><name sortKey="Lehman, Leopold G" sort="Lehman, Leopold G" uniqKey="Lehman L" first="Leopold G." last="Lehman">Leopold G. Lehman</name><name sortKey="Lum, Emmaculate" sort="Lum, Emmaculate" uniqKey="Lum E" first="Emmaculate" last="Lum">Emmaculate Lum</name><name sortKey="Nana, Yannick" sort="Nana, Yannick" uniqKey="Nana Y" first="Yannick" last="Nana">Yannick Nana</name><name sortKey="Ndamukong Nyanga, Judith Lum" sort="Ndamukong Nyanga, Judith Lum" uniqKey="Ndamukong Nyanga J" first="Judith Lum" last="Ndamukong-Nyanga">Judith Lum Ndamukong-Nyanga</name><name sortKey="Ndamukong, Kenneth K J" sort="Ndamukong, Kenneth K J" uniqKey="Ndamukong K" first="Kenneth K. J." last="Ndamukong">Kenneth K. J. Ndamukong</name><name sortKey="Nweboh, Malaika" sort="Nweboh, Malaika" uniqKey="Nweboh M" first="Malaika" last="Nweboh">Malaika Nweboh</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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