The epidemiology of ‘bewitchment’ as a lay-reported cause of death in rural South Africa
Identifieur interne : 004446 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 004445; suivant : 004447The epidemiology of ‘bewitchment’ as a lay-reported cause of death in rural South Africa
Auteurs : Edward Fottrell ; Stephen Tollman ; Peter Byass ; Frederick Golooba-Mutebi ; Kathleen KahnSource :
- Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health [ 0143-005X ] ; 2012-08.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Acute illness, African origin year, Agincourt, Agincourt hdss, Agincourt health, Behaviour, Bewitchment, Bewitchment deaths, Cause category, Clinical medicine, Community understanding, Cumulative household deaths, Current study, Epidemiol, Epidemiol community health, Epidemiology, External causes, Global health, Global health research, Greater proportion, Hdss, Healthcare, Household characteristics, Important factor, Indigenous beliefs, Interva, Likely causes, Local language, Maternal deaths, Medical causes, Medical diagnoses, Medical diagnosis, Medical registration, More terminal illness duration, Mortality fractions, Multivariate analysis, Older adults, Other causes, Other deaths, Oxford university press, Physician diagnoses, Physician review, Premature mortality, Probable cause, Probable causes, Public health, Reproductive health, Single cause, Social cohesion, Social research, Socioeconomic factors, Such cases, Sudden deaths, Surveillance system, Terminal illnesses, Traditional beliefs, Traditional healthcare, Umea, Umea centre, Umea university, Verbal autopsies, Verbal autopsy, Vital events, Wealth group, Western healthcare, Witchcraft, Witchcraft belief.
- Teeft :
- Acute illness, African origin year, Agincourt, Agincourt hdss, Agincourt health, Behaviour, Bewitchment, Bewitchment deaths, Cause category, Clinical medicine, Community understanding, Cumulative household deaths, Current study, Epidemiol, Epidemiol community health, Epidemiology, External causes, Global health, Global health research, Greater proportion, Hdss, Healthcare, Household characteristics, Important factor, Indigenous beliefs, Interva, Likely causes, Local language, Maternal deaths, Medical causes, Medical diagnoses, Medical diagnosis, Medical registration, More terminal illness duration, Mortality fractions, Multivariate analysis, Older adults, Other causes, Other deaths, Oxford university press, Physician diagnoses, Physician review, Premature mortality, Probable cause, Probable causes, Public health, Reproductive health, Single cause, Social cohesion, Social research, Socioeconomic factors, Such cases, Sudden deaths, Surveillance system, Terminal illnesses, Traditional beliefs, Traditional healthcare, Umea, Umea centre, Umea university, Verbal autopsies, Verbal autopsy, Vital events, Wealth group, Western healthcare, Witchcraft, Witchcraft belief.
Abstract
Background Cases of premature death in Africa may be attributed to witchcraft. In such settings, medical registration of causes of death is rare. To fill this gap, verbal autopsy (VA) methods record signs and symptoms of the deceased before death as well as lay opinion regarding the cause of death; this information is then interpreted to derive a medical cause of death. In the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, South Africa, around 6% of deaths are believed to be due to ‘bewitchment’ by VA respondents. Methods Using 6874 deaths from the Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System, the epidemiology of deaths reported as bewitchment was explored, and using medical causes of death derived from VA, the association between perceptions of witchcraft and biomedical causes of death was investigated. Results The odds of having one's death reported as being due to bewitchment is significantly higher in children and reproductive-aged women (but not in men) than in older adults. Similarly, sudden deaths or those following an acute illness, deaths occurring before 2001 and those where traditional healthcare was sought are more likely to be reported as being due to bewitchment. Compared with all other deaths, deaths due to external causes are significantly less likely to be attributed to bewitchment, while maternal deaths are significantly more likely to be. Conclusions Understanding how societies interpret the essential factors that affect their health and how health seeking is influenced by local notions and perceived aetiologies of illness and death could better inform sustainable interventions and health promotion efforts.
Url:
DOI: 10.1136/jech.2010.124305
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:D1E7808BA05EAAB78684835EFDEB54D15BC854A2Le document en format XML
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Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J Epidemiol Community Health</title><idno type="ISSN">0143-005X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1470-2738</idno><imprint><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2012-08">2012-08</date><biblScope unit="volume">66</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="704">704</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0143-005X</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0143-005X</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Acute illness</term><term>African origin year</term><term>Agincourt</term><term>Agincourt hdss</term><term>Agincourt 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deaths</term><term>Oxford university press</term><term>Physician diagnoses</term><term>Physician review</term><term>Premature mortality</term><term>Probable cause</term><term>Probable causes</term><term>Public health</term><term>Reproductive health</term><term>Single cause</term><term>Social cohesion</term><term>Social research</term><term>Socioeconomic factors</term><term>Such cases</term><term>Sudden deaths</term><term>Surveillance system</term><term>Terminal illnesses</term><term>Traditional beliefs</term><term>Traditional healthcare</term><term>Umea</term><term>Umea centre</term><term>Umea university</term><term>Verbal autopsies</term><term>Verbal autopsy</term><term>Vital events</term><term>Wealth group</term><term>Western healthcare</term><term>Witchcraft</term><term>Witchcraft belief</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Acute illness</term><term>African origin year</term><term>Agincourt</term><term>Agincourt hdss</term><term>Agincourt health</term><term>Behaviour</term><term>Bewitchment</term><term>Bewitchment deaths</term><term>Cause category</term><term>Clinical medicine</term><term>Community understanding</term><term>Cumulative household deaths</term><term>Current study</term><term>Epidemiol</term><term>Epidemiol community health</term><term>Epidemiology</term><term>External causes</term><term>Global health</term><term>Global health research</term><term>Greater proportion</term><term>Hdss</term><term>Healthcare</term><term>Household characteristics</term><term>Important factor</term><term>Indigenous beliefs</term><term>Interva</term><term>Likely causes</term><term>Local language</term><term>Maternal deaths</term><term>Medical causes</term><term>Medical diagnoses</term><term>Medical diagnosis</term><term>Medical registration</term><term>More terminal illness duration</term><term>Mortality fractions</term><term>Multivariate analysis</term><term>Older adults</term><term>Other causes</term><term>Other deaths</term><term>Oxford university press</term><term>Physician diagnoses</term><term>Physician review</term><term>Premature mortality</term><term>Probable cause</term><term>Probable causes</term><term>Public health</term><term>Reproductive health</term><term>Single cause</term><term>Social cohesion</term><term>Social research</term><term>Socioeconomic factors</term><term>Such cases</term><term>Sudden deaths</term><term>Surveillance system</term><term>Terminal illnesses</term><term>Traditional beliefs</term><term>Traditional healthcare</term><term>Umea</term><term>Umea centre</term><term>Umea university</term><term>Verbal autopsies</term><term>Verbal autopsy</term><term>Vital events</term><term>Wealth group</term><term>Western healthcare</term><term>Witchcraft</term><term>Witchcraft belief</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Background Cases of premature death in Africa may be attributed to witchcraft. In such settings, medical registration of causes of death is rare. To fill this gap, verbal autopsy (VA) methods record signs and symptoms of the deceased before death as well as lay opinion regarding the cause of death; this information is then interpreted to derive a medical cause of death. In the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, South Africa, around 6% of deaths are believed to be due to ‘bewitchment’ by VA respondents. Methods Using 6874 deaths from the Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System, the epidemiology of deaths reported as bewitchment was explored, and using medical causes of death derived from VA, the association between perceptions of witchcraft and biomedical causes of death was investigated. Results The odds of having one's death reported as being due to bewitchment is significantly higher in children and reproductive-aged women (but not in men) than in older adults. Similarly, sudden deaths or those following an acute illness, deaths occurring before 2001 and those where traditional healthcare was sought are more likely to be reported as being due to bewitchment. Compared with all other deaths, deaths due to external causes are significantly less likely to be attributed to bewitchment, while maternal deaths are significantly more likely to be. Conclusions Understanding how societies interpret the essential factors that affect their health and how health seeking is influenced by local notions and perceived aetiologies of illness and death could better inform sustainable interventions and health promotion efforts.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>bmj</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>bewitchment</json:string><json:string>witchcraft</json:string><json:string>agincourt</json:string><json:string>maternal deaths</json:string><json:string>hdss</json:string><json:string>interva</json:string><json:string>epidemiology</json:string><json:string>umea</json:string><json:string>healthcare</json:string><json:string>epidemiol</json:string><json:string>agincourt hdss</json:string><json:string>verbal autopsy</json:string><json:string>current study</json:string><json:string>agincourt health</json:string><json:string>socioeconomic factors</json:string><json:string>surveillance system</json:string><json:string>medical 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factor</json:string><json:string>traditional beliefs</json:string><json:string>social research</json:string><json:string>social cohesion</json:string><json:string>clinical medicine</json:string><json:string>verbal autopsies</json:string><json:string>behaviour</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>Edward Fottrell</name><affiliations><json:string>Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</json:string><json:string>Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK</json:string><json:string>E-mail: Edward.Fotrell@epiph.umu.se</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Stephen Tollman</name><affiliations><json:string>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Peter Byass</name><affiliations><json:string>Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Frederick Golooba-Mutebi</name><affiliations><json:string>Makerere Institute of Social Research, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Kathleen Kahn</name><affiliations><json:string>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Unlocked</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>South Africa</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>witchcraft</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>cause of death</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>verbal autopsy</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>lay perceptions</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>developing countr CG</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>developing countr SI</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>epidemiology ME</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>health beliefs SI</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>mortality SI</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>jech124305</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>research-article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Background Cases of premature death in Africa may be attributed to witchcraft. In such settings, medical registration of causes of death is rare. To fill this gap, verbal autopsy (VA) methods record signs and symptoms of the deceased before death as well as lay opinion regarding the cause of death; this information is then interpreted to derive a medical cause of death. In the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, South Africa, around 6% of deaths are believed to be due to ‘bewitchment’ by VA respondents. Methods Using 6874 deaths from the Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System, the epidemiology of deaths reported as bewitchment was explored, and using medical causes of death derived from VA, the association between perceptions of witchcraft and biomedical causes of death was investigated. Results The odds of having one's death reported as being due to bewitchment is significantly higher in children and reproductive-aged women (but not in men) than in older adults. Similarly, sudden deaths or those following an acute illness, deaths occurring before 2001 and those where traditional healthcare was sought are more likely to be reported as being due to bewitchment. Compared with all other deaths, deaths due to external causes are significantly less likely to be attributed to bewitchment, while maternal deaths are significantly more likely to be. Conclusions Understanding how societies interpret the essential factors that affect their health and how health seeking is influenced by local notions and perceived aetiologies of illness and death could better inform sustainable interventions and health promotion efforts.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8.135</score><pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 793.701 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>11</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1672</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>4635</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>32319</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>6</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>254</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>The epidemiology of ‘bewitchment’ as a lay-reported cause of death in rural South Africa</title><pmid><json:string>21515546</json:string></pmid><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><title>Journal of Epidemiology and Community 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International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Stephen</forename><surname>Tollman</surname></persName><affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Peter</forename><surname>Byass</surname></persName><affiliation>Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">Frederick</forename><surname>Golooba-Mutebi</surname></persName><affiliation>Makerere Institute of Social Research, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">Kathleen</forename><surname>Kahn</surname></persName><affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">D1E7808BA05EAAB78684835EFDEB54D15BC854A2</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/NVC-XHJKHG95-0</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1136/jech.2010.124305</idno><idno type="href">jech-66-704.pdf</idno><idno type="article-id">jech124305</idno><idno type="PMID">21515546</idno><idno type="local">jech;66/8/704</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J Epidemiol Community Health</title><idno type="pISSN">0143-005X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1470-2738</idno><idno type="publisher-id">jech</idno><idno type="PublisherID-hwp">jech</idno><idno type="PublisherID-nlm-ta">J Epidemiol Community Health</idno><imprint><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2012-08"></date><biblScope unit="volume">66</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="704">704</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2011-04-22</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>Background Cases of premature death in Africa may be attributed to witchcraft. In such settings, medical registration of causes of death is rare. To fill this gap, verbal autopsy (VA) methods record signs and symptoms of the deceased before death as well as lay opinion regarding the cause of death; this information is then interpreted to derive a medical cause of death. In the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, South Africa, around 6% of deaths are believed to be due to ‘bewitchment’ by VA respondents. Methods Using 6874 deaths from the Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System, the epidemiology of deaths reported as bewitchment was explored, and using medical causes of death derived from VA, the association between perceptions of witchcraft and biomedical causes of death was investigated. Results The odds of having one's death reported as being due to bewitchment is significantly higher in children and reproductive-aged women (but not in men) than in older adults. Similarly, sudden deaths or those following an acute illness, deaths occurring before 2001 and those where traditional healthcare was sought are more likely to be reported as being due to bewitchment. Compared with all other deaths, deaths due to external causes are significantly less likely to be attributed to bewitchment, while maternal deaths are significantly more likely to be. Conclusions Understanding how societies interpret the essential factors that affect their health and how health seeking is influenced by local notions and perceived aetiologies of illness and death could better inform sustainable interventions and health promotion efforts.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>South Africa</term></item><item><term>witchcraft</term></item><item><term>cause of death</term></item><item><term>verbal autopsy</term></item><item><term>lay perceptions</term></item><item><term>developing countr CG</term></item><item><term>developing countr SI</term></item><item><term>epidemiology ME</term></item><item><term>health beliefs SI</term></item><item><term>mortality SI</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>hwp-journal-coll</head><item><term>Unlocked</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2011-04-22">Created</change><change when="2012-08">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/D1E7808BA05EAAB78684835EFDEB54D15BC854A2/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus bmj" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" URI="archivearticle.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article article-type="research-article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">jech</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Epidemiol Community Health</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jech</journal-id><journal-title>Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">J Epidemiol Community Health</abbrev-journal-title><abbrev-journal-title>J Epidemiol Community Health</abbrev-journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0143-005X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1470-2738</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jech124305</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/jech.2010.124305</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">jech;66/8/704</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">jech;jech.2010.124305</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21515546</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">704</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">jech.2010.124305</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research report</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>Unlocked</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The epidemiology of ‘bewitchment’ as a lay-reported cause of death in rural South Africa</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Fottrell</surname><given-names>Edward</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tollman</surname><given-names>Stephen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Byass</surname><given-names>Peter</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Golooba-Mutebi</surname><given-names>Frederick</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kahn</surname><given-names>Kathleen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>Makerere Institute of Social Research, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda</aff><author-notes><corresp><label>Correspondence to</label> Dr Edward Fottrell, Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901-85 Umeå, Sweden; <email>Edward.Fotrell@epiph.umu.se</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub-original"><day>22</day><month>4</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>8</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>4</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><volume-id pub-id-type="other">66</volume-id><volume-id pub-id-type="other">66</volume-id><issue>8</issue><issue-id pub-id-type="other">jech;66/8</issue-id><issue-id pub-id-type="other">8</issue-id><issue-id pub-id-type="other">66/8</issue-id><fpage>704</fpage><history><date date-type="accepted"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2011</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2012, Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/"><p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. See: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/</ext-link> and <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/legalcode">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/legalcode</ext-link>.</p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:role="full-text" xlink:href="jech-66-704.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>Cases of premature death in Africa may be attributed to witchcraft. In such settings, medical registration of causes of death is rare. To fill this gap, verbal autopsy (VA) methods record signs and symptoms of the deceased before death as well as lay opinion regarding the cause of death; this information is then interpreted to derive a medical cause of death. In the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, South Africa, around 6% of deaths are believed to be due to ‘bewitchment’ by VA respondents.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Using 6874 deaths from the Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System, the epidemiology of deaths reported as bewitchment was explored, and using medical causes of death derived from VA, the association between perceptions of witchcraft and biomedical causes of death was investigated.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The odds of having one's death reported as being due to bewitchment is significantly higher in children and reproductive-aged women (but not in men) than in older adults. Similarly, sudden deaths or those following an acute illness, deaths occurring before 2001 and those where traditional healthcare was sought are more likely to be reported as being due to bewitchment. Compared with all other deaths, deaths due to external causes are significantly less likely to be attributed to bewitchment, while maternal deaths are significantly more likely to be.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Understanding how societies interpret the essential factors that affect their health and how health seeking is influenced by local notions and perceived aetiologies of illness and death could better inform sustainable interventions and health promotion efforts.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>South Africa</kwd><kwd>witchcraft</kwd><kwd>cause of death</kwd><kwd>verbal autopsy</kwd><kwd>lay perceptions</kwd><kwd>developing countr CG</kwd><kwd>developing countr SI</kwd><kwd>epidemiology ME</kwd><kwd>health beliefs SI</kwd><kwd>mortality SI</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>The epidemiology of ‘bewitchment’ as a lay-reported cause of death in rural South Africa</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>The epidemiology of ‘bewitchment’ as a lay-reported cause of death in rural South Africa</title></titleInfo><name type="personal" displayLabel="corresp"><namePart type="given">Edward</namePart><namePart type="family">Fottrell</namePart><affiliation>Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</affiliation><affiliation>Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: Edward.Fotrell@epiph.umu.se</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Stephen</namePart><namePart type="family">Tollman</namePart><affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Peter</namePart><namePart type="family">Byass</namePart><affiliation>Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Frederick</namePart><namePart type="family">Golooba-Mutebi</namePart><affiliation>Makerere Institute of Social Research, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Kathleen</namePart><namePart type="family">Kahn</namePart><affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2012-08</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2011-04-22</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><abstract>Background Cases of premature death in Africa may be attributed to witchcraft. In such settings, medical registration of causes of death is rare. To fill this gap, verbal autopsy (VA) methods record signs and symptoms of the deceased before death as well as lay opinion regarding the cause of death; this information is then interpreted to derive a medical cause of death. In the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, South Africa, around 6% of deaths are believed to be due to ‘bewitchment’ by VA respondents. Methods Using 6874 deaths from the Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System, the epidemiology of deaths reported as bewitchment was explored, and using medical causes of death derived from VA, the association between perceptions of witchcraft and biomedical causes of death was investigated. Results The odds of having one's death reported as being due to bewitchment is significantly higher in children and reproductive-aged women (but not in men) than in older adults. Similarly, sudden deaths or those following an acute illness, deaths occurring before 2001 and those where traditional healthcare was sought are more likely to be reported as being due to bewitchment. Compared with all other deaths, deaths due to external causes are significantly less likely to be attributed to bewitchment, while maternal deaths are significantly more likely to be. Conclusions Understanding how societies interpret the essential factors that affect their health and how health seeking is influenced by local notions and perceived aetiologies of illness and death could better inform sustainable interventions and health promotion efforts.</abstract><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>South Africa</topic><topic>witchcraft</topic><topic>cause of death</topic><topic>verbal autopsy</topic><topic>lay perceptions</topic><topic>developing countr CG</topic><topic>developing countr SI</topic><topic>epidemiology ME</topic><topic>health beliefs SI</topic><topic>mortality SI</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J Epidemiol Community Health</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><subject><genre>hwp-journal-coll</genre><topic>Unlocked</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0143-005X</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1470-2738</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">jech</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">jech</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-nlm-ta">J Epidemiol Community Health</identifier><part><date>2012</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>66</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>8</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>704</start></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">D1E7808BA05EAAB78684835EFDEB54D15BC854A2</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/NVC-XHJKHG95-0</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1136/jech.2010.124305</identifier><identifier type="href">jech-66-704.pdf</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">jech124305</identifier><identifier type="PMID">21515546</identifier><identifier type="local">jech;66/8/704</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="open-access">This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/ and http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/legalcode.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-7M42M2QJ-2">bmj</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>© 2012, Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/D1E7808BA05EAAB78684835EFDEB54D15BC854A2/metadata/json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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