Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: transmission patterns and vaccine control
Identifieur interne : 003D80 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 003D79; suivant : 003D81Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: transmission patterns and vaccine control
Auteurs : A. Abebe ; D. J. Nokes ; A. Dejene ; F. Enquselassie ; T. Messele ; F. T. CuttsSource :
- Epidemiology and Infection [ 0950-2688 ] ; 2003-08.
Abstract
A community-based seroepidemiological survey of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia was conducted in 1994 to inform on the transmission dynamics and control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Venous blood from 4736 individuals under 50 years of age from 1262 households, selected using stratified cluster-sampling, was screened for HBV markers using commercial ELISAs. HBsAg prevalence was 7% (95% CI 6–8), higher in males (9%; 7–10) than females (5%; 4–6). HBeAg prevalence in HBsAg positives was 23% (18–29), and less than 1% of women of childbearing age were HBeAg positive. Overall HBV seroprevalence (any marker), rose steadily with age to over 70% in 40–49 year olds, indicating significant childhood and adult transmission. Estimated instantaneous incidence was 3–4/100 susceptibles/year, higher in males than females in 0–4 year olds, and peaking in early childhood and young adults. The age at which 50% had evidence of infection was around 20 years, and the herd immunity threshold is approximated at 63–77%. Addis Ababa is of intermediate-high HBV endemicity, with negligible perinatal transmission. Our main findings are the identification of a significant difference between males and females in the age-acquisition of HBV infection, and marked differences between age groups in HBV incidence rates. These results should target future research studies of underlying risk factors. Furthermore, we generate a crude estimate of the level of coverage of HBV vaccine that would be required to eliminate the virus from the study population.
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DOI: 10.1017/S0950268803008574
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Abebe</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Virology and Rickettsiology Research Team, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), Addis Ababa, PO Box 1242, Ethiopia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nokes, D J" sort="Nokes, D J" uniqKey="Nokes D" first="D. J." last="Nokes">D. J. Nokes</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dejene, A" sort="Dejene, A" uniqKey="Dejene A" first="A." last="Dejene">A. Dejene</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Biostatistics and Health Service Research Team, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, PO Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enquselassie, F" sort="Enquselassie, F" uniqKey="Enquselassie F" first="F." last="Enquselassie">F. 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Cutts</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1N 7HT, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Epidemiology and Infection</title><idno type="ISSN">0950-2688</idno><idno type="eISSN">1469-4409</idno><imprint><publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher><pubPlace>Cambridge, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2003-08">2003-08</date><biblScope unit="volume">131</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="757">757</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="770">770</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0950-2688</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0950-2688</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">A community-based seroepidemiological survey of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia was conducted in 1994 to inform on the transmission dynamics and control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Venous blood from 4736 individuals under 50 years of age from 1262 households, selected using stratified cluster-sampling, was screened for HBV markers using commercial ELISAs. HBsAg prevalence was 7% (95% CI 6–8), higher in males (9%; 7–10) than females (5%; 4–6). HBeAg prevalence in HBsAg positives was 23% (18–29), and less than 1% of women of childbearing age were HBeAg positive. Overall HBV seroprevalence (any marker), rose steadily with age to over 70% in 40–49 year olds, indicating significant childhood and adult transmission. Estimated instantaneous incidence was 3–4/100 susceptibles/year, higher in males than females in 0–4 year olds, and peaking in early childhood and young adults. The age at which 50% had evidence of infection was around 20 years, and the herd immunity threshold is approximated at 63–77%. Addis Ababa is of intermediate-high HBV endemicity, with negligible perinatal transmission. Our main findings are the identification of a significant difference between males and females in the age-acquisition of HBV infection, and marked differences between age groups in HBV incidence rates. These results should target future research studies of underlying risk factors. Furthermore, we generate a crude estimate of the level of coverage of HBV vaccine that would be required to eliminate the virus from the study population.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>cambridge</corpusName><author><json:item><name>A. ABEBE</name><affiliations><json:string>Virology and Rickettsiology Research Team, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), Addis Ababa, PO Box 1242, Ethiopia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D. J. NOKES</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. 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Overall HBV seroprevalence (any marker), rose steadily with age to over 70% in 40–49 year olds, indicating significant childhood and adult transmission. Estimated instantaneous incidence was 3–4/100 susceptibles/year, higher in males than females in 0–4 year olds, and peaking in early childhood and young adults. The age at which 50% had evidence of infection was around 20 years, and the herd immunity threshold is approximated at 63–77%. Addis Ababa is of intermediate-high HBV endemicity, with negligible perinatal transmission. Our main findings are the identification of a significant difference between males and females in the age-acquisition of HBV infection, and marked differences between age groups in HBV incidence rates. These results should target future research studies of underlying risk factors. 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J.</forename><surname>NOKES</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">A.</forename><surname>DEJENE</surname></persName><affiliation>Biostatistics and Health Service Research Team, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, PO Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">F.</forename><surname>ENQUSELASSIE</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">T.</forename><surname>MESSELE</surname></persName><affiliation>Immuno-Haematology and Pathology Research Team, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, PO Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">F. T.</forename><surname>CUTTS</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1N 7HT, UK</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">BCBD66F657A53E6887456417FE85C7F98C57A5B9</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/6GQ-LB87QV32-R</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1017/S0950268803008574</idno><idno type="PII">S0950268803008574</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Epidemiology and Infection</title><idno type="pISSN">0950-2688</idno><idno type="eISSN">1469-4409</idno><idno type="publisher-id">HYG</idno><imprint><publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher><pubPlace>Cambridge, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2003-08"></date><biblScope unit="volume">131</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="757">757</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="770">770</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2003-09-23</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract style="normal"><p>A community-based seroepidemiological survey of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia was conducted in 1994 to inform on the transmission dynamics and control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Venous blood from 4736 individuals under 50 years of age from 1262 households, selected using stratified cluster-sampling, was screened for HBV markers using commercial ELISAs. HBsAg prevalence was 7% (95% CI 6–8), higher in males (9%; 7–10) than females (5%; 4–6). HBeAg prevalence in HBsAg positives was 23% (18–29), and less than 1% of women of childbearing age were HBeAg positive. Overall HBV seroprevalence (any marker), rose steadily with age to over 70% in 40–49 year olds, indicating significant childhood and adult transmission. Estimated instantaneous incidence was 3–4/100 susceptibles/year, higher in males than females in 0–4 year olds, and peaking in early childhood and young adults. The age at which 50% had evidence of infection was around 20 years, and the herd immunity threshold is approximated at 63–77%. Addis Ababa is of intermediate-high HBV endemicity, with negligible perinatal transmission. Our main findings are the identification of a significant difference between males and females in the age-acquisition of HBV infection, and marked differences between age groups in HBV incidence rates. These results should target future research studies of underlying risk factors. Furthermore, we generate a crude estimate of the level of coverage of HBV vaccine that would be required to eliminate the virus from the study population.</p></abstract></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2003-09-23">Created</change><change when="2003-08">Published</change><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2017-09-5">References added</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus cambridge not found" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.0 20120330//EN" URI="JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article dtd-version="1.0" article-type="research-article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">HYG</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Epidemiology and Infection</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title>Epidemiol. Infect.</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1469-4409</issn><issn pub-type="ppub">0950-2688</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Cambridge University Press</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Cambridge, UK</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pii">S0950268803008574</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1017/S0950268803008574</article-id><title-group><article-title>Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: transmission patterns and vaccine control</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib><name><surname>ABEBE</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><aff>Virology and Rickettsiology Research Team, <institution>Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI)</institution>, Addis Ababa, PO Box 1242, <country>Ethiopia</country></aff></contrib><contrib><name><surname>NOKES</surname><given-names>D. J.</given-names></name><aff>Department of Biological Sciences, <institution>University of Warwick</institution>, Coventry CV4 7AL, <country>UK</country></aff></contrib><contrib><name><surname>DEJENE</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><aff>Biostatistics and Health Service Research Team, <institution>Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute</institution>, PO Box 1242, Addis Ababa, <country>Ethiopia</country></aff></contrib><contrib><name><surname>ENQUSELASSIE</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><aff>Department of Biological Sciences, <institution>University of Warwick</institution>, Coventry CV4 7AL, <country>UK</country></aff><aff>Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, <institution>University of Addis Ababa</institution>, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, <country>Ethiopia</country></aff></contrib><contrib><name><surname>MESSELE</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><aff>Immuno-Haematology and Pathology Research Team, <institution>Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute</institution>, PO Box 1242, Addis Ababa, <country>Ethiopia</country></aff></contrib><contrib><name><surname>CUTTS</surname><given-names>F. T.</given-names></name><aff>Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, <institution>London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</institution>, Keppel Street, London WC1N 7HT, <country>UK</country></aff></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>9</month><year>2003</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>8</month><year>2003</year></pub-date><volume>131</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>757</fpage><lpage>770</lpage><history><date date-type="accepted"><day>13</day><month>2</month><year>2003</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2003 Cambridge University Press</copyright-statement></permissions><abstract abstract-type="normal"><p>A community-based seroepidemiological survey of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia was conducted in 1994 to inform on the transmission dynamics and control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Venous blood from 4736 individuals under 50 years of age from 1262 households, selected using stratified cluster-sampling, was screened for HBV markers using commercial ELISAs. HBsAg prevalence was 7% (95% CI 6–8), higher in males (9%; 7–10) than females (5%; 4–6). HBeAg prevalence in HBsAg positives was 23% (18–29), and less than 1% of women of childbearing age were HBeAg positive. Overall HBV seroprevalence (any marker), rose steadily with age to over 70% in 40–49 year olds, indicating significant childhood and adult transmission. Estimated instantaneous incidence was 3–4/100 susceptibles/year, higher in males than females in 0–4 year olds, and peaking in early childhood and young adults. The age at which 50% had evidence of infection was around 20 years, and the herd immunity threshold is approximated at 63–77%. Addis Ababa is of intermediate-high HBV endemicity, with negligible perinatal transmission. Our main findings are the identification of a significant difference between males and females in the age-acquisition of HBV infection, and marked differences between age groups in HBV incidence rates. These results should target future research studies of underlying risk factors. Furthermore, we generate a crude estimate of the level of coverage of HBV vaccine that would be required to eliminate the virus from the study population.</p></abstract><counts><page-count count="14"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>pdf</meta-name><meta-value>S0950268803008574a.pdf</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: transmission patterns and vaccine control</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: transmission patterns and vaccine control</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">ABEBE</namePart><affiliation>Virology and Rickettsiology Research Team, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), Addis Ababa, PO Box 1242, Ethiopia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">NOKES</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">DEJENE</namePart><affiliation>Biostatistics and Health Service Research Team, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, PO Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F.</namePart><namePart type="family">ENQUSELASSIE</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T.</namePart><namePart type="family">MESSELE</namePart><affiliation>Immuno-Haematology and Pathology Research Team, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, PO Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F. T.</namePart><namePart type="family">CUTTS</namePart><affiliation>Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1N 7HT, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Cambridge, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2003-08</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2003-09-23</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2003</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><abstract type="normal">A community-based seroepidemiological survey of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia was conducted in 1994 to inform on the transmission dynamics and control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Venous blood from 4736 individuals under 50 years of age from 1262 households, selected using stratified cluster-sampling, was screened for HBV markers using commercial ELISAs. HBsAg prevalence was 7% (95% CI 6–8), higher in males (9%; 7–10) than females (5%; 4–6). HBeAg prevalence in HBsAg positives was 23% (18–29), and less than 1% of women of childbearing age were HBeAg positive. Overall HBV seroprevalence (any marker), rose steadily with age to over 70% in 40–49 year olds, indicating significant childhood and adult transmission. Estimated instantaneous incidence was 3–4/100 susceptibles/year, higher in males than females in 0–4 year olds, and peaking in early childhood and young adults. The age at which 50% had evidence of infection was around 20 years, and the herd immunity threshold is approximated at 63–77%. Addis Ababa is of intermediate-high HBV endemicity, with negligible perinatal transmission. Our main findings are the identification of a significant difference between males and females in the age-acquisition of HBV infection, and marked differences between age groups in HBV incidence rates. These results should target future research studies of underlying risk factors. Furthermore, we generate a crude estimate of the level of coverage of HBV vaccine that would be required to eliminate the virus from the study population.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Epidemiology and Infection</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0950-2688</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1469-4409</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">HYG</identifier><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>131</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>757</start><end>770</end><total>14</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">BCBD66F657A53E6887456417FE85C7F98C57A5B9</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/6GQ-LB87QV32-R</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1017/S0950268803008574</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0950268803008574</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2003 Cambridge University Press</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-G3RCRD03-V">cambridge</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>© 2003 Cambridge University Press</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/BCBD66F657A53E6887456417FE85C7F98C57A5B9/metadata/json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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