Promoting Retention in Care: An Effective Model in an Antiretroviral Treatment Service in South Africa
Identifieur interne : 003465 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 003464; suivant : 003466Promoting Retention in Care: An Effective Model in an Antiretroviral Treatment Service in South Africa
Auteurs : Stephen D. Lawn ; Richard Kaplan ; Robin Wood ; Linda-Gail BekkerSource :
- Clinical Infectious Diseases [ 1058-4838 ] ; 2007-09-15.
Url:
DOI: 10.1086/521173
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ISTEX:A091C4EC8D3AD7F16E8EE311204946878CBCBB89Le document en format XML
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Lawn, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Rd., Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: stevelawn@yahoo.co.uk</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaplan, Richard" sort="Kaplan, Richard" uniqKey="Kaplan R" first="Richard" last="Kaplan">Richard Kaplan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wood, Robin" sort="Wood, Robin" uniqKey="Wood R" first="Robin" last="Wood">Robin Wood</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bekker, Linda Gail" sort="Bekker, Linda Gail" uniqKey="Bekker L" first="Linda-Gail" last="Bekker">Linda-Gail Bekker</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:A091C4EC8D3AD7F16E8EE311204946878CBCBB89</idno><date when="2007" year="2007">2007</date><idno type="doi">10.1086/521173</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/A091C4EC8D3AD7F16E8EE311204946878CBCBB89/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">003465</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">003465</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">Promoting Retention in Care: An Effective Model in an Antiretroviral Treatment Service in South Africa</title><author><name sortKey="Lawn, Stephen D" sort="Lawn, Stephen D" uniqKey="Lawn S" first="Stephen D." last="Lawn">Stephen D. Lawn</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: stevelawn@yahoo.co.uk</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Stephen D. 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Lawn, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Rd., Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Richard</forename><surname>Kaplan</surname></persName><affiliation>The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Robin</forename><surname>Wood</surname></persName><affiliation>The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">Linda-Gail</forename><surname>Bekker</surname></persName><affiliation>The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">A091C4EC8D3AD7F16E8EE311204946878CBCBB89</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/HXZ-710G5Z88-0</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1086/521173</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Clinical Infectious Diseases</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Clinical Infectious Diseases</title><idno type="pISSN">1058-4838</idno><idno type="eISSN">1537-6591</idno><idno type="publisher-id">cid</idno><idno type="PublisherID-hwp">cid</idno><imprint><publisher>The University Chicago Press</publisher><date type="published" when="2007-09-15"></date><biblScope unit="volume">45</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="803">803</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="803">803</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2007</date></creation></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2007-09-15">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A091C4EC8D3AD7F16E8EE311204946878CBCBB89/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus oup, element #text not found" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" URI="journalpublishing.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article article-type="letter">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">cid</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cid</journal-id>
<journal-title>Clinical Infectious Diseases</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Clinical Infectious Diseases</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1058-4838</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1537-6591</issn>
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<publisher-name>The University Chicago Press</publisher-name>
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<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1086/521173</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Correspondence</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Promoting Retention in Care: An Effective Model in an Antiretroviral Treatment Service in South Africa</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
<name>
<surname>Lawn</surname>
<given-names>Stephen D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
<xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
<xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kaplan</surname>
<given-names>Richard</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wood</surname>
<given-names>Robin</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bekker</surname>
<given-names>Linda-Gail</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1">Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Stephen D. Lawn, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Rd., Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa (<email>stevelawn@yahoo.co.uk</email>).</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<day>15</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>45</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>803</fpage>
<lpage>803</lpage>
<copyright-statement>© 2007 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2007</copyright-year>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<p>T<sc>o</sc> <sc>the</sc> E<sc>ditor</sc>—We read with interest the article by Giordano and colleagues [<xref rid="ref1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>] regarding the difficulties of retaining HIV-infected patients within care during antiretroviral therapy (ART) in US veterans affairs hospitals and clinics. Despite few financial barriers to treatment, retention in care was poor among a substantial portion of patients, compromising survival probability. The authors highlighted the critical need to develop and implement strategies to improve retention, thereby maximizing the benefits of ART [<xref rid="ref1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>]. In the accompanying editorial [<xref rid="ref2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>], Cheever described strategies that have been used successfully in other programs in the United States, whereby use of support services resulted in greater engagement of patients in their medical care and enhanced retention.</p>
<p>Retention in care is also a major issue for ART programs in sub-Saharan Africa, where an estimated 1.3 million people were receiving ART by the end of 2006 and a further 3.5 million people were in need of treatment [<xref rid="ref3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>]. Although early responses to ART have been found to be generally good in the region [<xref rid="ref4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>], rates of loss to follow-up are extremely variable, with reported rates of up to 59% [<xref rid="ref5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>]. Many ART clinics are straining under the sheer number of patients. In South Africa, for example, community-based ART clinics with case loads of several thousand patients are increasingly common. As patient numbers grow, clinics become overcrowded and staff are over-stretched, increasing the challenge of patient retention. Lack of human resources greatly amplifies the problem.</p>
<p>We have previously reported on a community-based ART service in a poor periurban township in Cape Town, South Africa [<xref rid="ref6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>, <xref rid="ref7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>]. In the past 4.5 years, <3000 patients have enrolled for treatment, requiring rapid expansion of clinic space and manpower. Despite the major logistical challenges, patient retention and outcomes to date have not been significantly compromised [<xref rid="ref6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>]. Rates of plasma viral load suppression (defined as an HIV RNA level <400 copies/mL) have remained <90% at each follow-up time point (follow-up, once every 4 months) [<xref rid="ref6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>], and the rate of loss to follow-up is <5% per year [<xref rid="ref7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>].</p>
<p>Many variables are likely to affect the patient retention rate, the most important being provision of medication free of charge. However, we believe that the peer therapeutic counselor system in place as part of this ART service is also critical. Each new patient who enrolls at the clinic is allocated to a peer counselor who lives in the same area. Most counselors are themselves living with HIV infection or AIDS and receiving ART. Through group sessions and individual home visits, the counselors educate the patients, provide ongoing counselling support, address psychosocial issues, and reinforce the need for high levels of treatment adherence.</p>
<p>Although it is difficult to objectively quantify the effects of this peer counselor system or to measure its cost-effectiveness, the benefits to patients appear to be substantial. Furthermore, the counselors earn a small salary from funds generated in part through charitable means. When patients train as counselors, they thereby acquire gainful employment, as well as dignity, self respect, and a great sense of pride as they serve their own community. Similar to the effect of support services described by Cheever [<xref rid="ref2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>], this system provides an extremely effective means of engaging patients, leading to high rates of retention in care and off-setting the need to recruit further qualified health care personnel. This is a win-win solution for patient retention in the face of a human resources crisis in Africa.</p>
</body>
<back>
<ack>
<title>Acknowledgments</title>
<p>Financial support. The Wellcome Trust, London (074641/Z/04/Z to S.D.L.), and National Institutes of Health (RO1 A1058736-01A1 to R.W. and 1U19AI53217-01 to R.W. and L.G.B.).</p>
<p>Potential conflicts of interest. All authors: no conflict.</p>
</ack>
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</article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Promoting Retention in Care: An Effective Model in an Antiretroviral Treatment Service in South Africa</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Promoting Retention in Care: An Effective Model in an Antiretroviral Treatment Service in South Africa</title></titleInfo><name type="personal" displayLabel="corresp"><namePart type="given">Stephen D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lawn</namePart><affiliation>The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa</affiliation><affiliation>Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: stevelawn@yahoo.co.uk</affiliation><affiliation>Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Stephen D. Lawn, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Rd., Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: stevelawn@yahoo.co.uk</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Richard</namePart><namePart type="family">Kaplan</namePart><affiliation>The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Robin</namePart><namePart type="family">Wood</namePart><affiliation>The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Linda-Gail</namePart><namePart type="family">Bekker</namePart><affiliation>The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="letter" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>The University Chicago Press</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2007-09-15</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2007</copyrightDate></originInfo><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Clinical Infectious Diseases</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Clinical Infectious Diseases</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1058-4838</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1537-6591</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">cid</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">cid</identifier><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>45</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>803</start><end>803</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">A091C4EC8D3AD7F16E8EE311204946878CBCBB89</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1086/521173</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2007 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-GTWS0RDP-M">oup</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>© 2007 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A091C4EC8D3AD7F16E8EE311204946878CBCBB89/metadata/json</uri></json:item></metadata><covers><json:item><extension>tiff</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>image/tiff</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A091C4EC8D3AD7F16E8EE311204946878CBCBB89/covers/tiff</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>html</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>text/html</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A091C4EC8D3AD7F16E8EE311204946878CBCBB89/covers/html</uri></json:item></covers><annexes><json:item><extension>jpeg</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>image/jpeg</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A091C4EC8D3AD7F16E8EE311204946878CBCBB89/annexes/jpeg</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>gif</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>image/gif</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A091C4EC8D3AD7F16E8EE311204946878CBCBB89/annexes/gif</uri></json:item></annexes><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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