Blood Transfusion in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Identifieur interne : 001F31 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001F30; suivant : 001F32Blood Transfusion in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Auteurs : Jean-Pierre Allain ; Shirley Owusu-Ofori ; Imelda BatesSource :
- Transfusion Alternatives in Transfusion Medicine [ 1295-9022 ] ; 2004-03.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- African countries, Assay, Blood bags, Blood donors, Blood safety, Blood supply, Blood transfusion, Donor, Hbsag, High prevalence, Malaria transmission, Malawi, Poorer countries, Prevalence, Quality assurance, Rapid tests, Replacement donors, Residual risk, Risk factors, Safe blood, Screening, Secondary school students, Transfusion, Transfusion alternatives, Transfusion medicine page, Transfusion services, Unnecessary transfusions, Viral markers, Volunteer donors, West africa, Whole blood, Zimbabwe.
- Teeft :
- African countries, Assay, Blood bags, Blood donors, Blood safety, Blood supply, Blood transfusion, Donor, Hbsag, High prevalence, Malaria transmission, Malawi, Poorer countries, Prevalence, Quality assurance, Rapid tests, Replacement donors, Residual risk, Risk factors, Safe blood, Screening, Secondary school students, Transfusion, Transfusion alternatives, Transfusion medicine page, Transfusion services, Unnecessary transfusions, Viral markers, Volunteer donors, West africa, Whole blood, Zimbabwe.
Abstract
The population of Sub‐Saharan Africa has an average annual income of $400–1000 and cannot afford blood produced according to the standards established by affluent countries. To prepare enough safe blood in a sustainable fashion, African countries need to optimize use of their own resources and develop ways to produce affordable safe blood appropriate to their own situations. Uncritical adoption of external advice and models, particularly those from more wealthy countries, may lead to problems of sustainability unless they are adapted for use in resource‐poor environments. Sub‐Saharan African countries have developed a variety of systems to achieve the objective of producing safe blood. These vary from centralized, high volume, modern blood centers to locally organized donor programs for isolated district health care facilities. The wide range of systems to recruit, select and retain blood donors and of availability of choice of reagents and equipment to screen blood allows flexibility so that the transfusion process can be adapted to local circumstances and resources. With variations in the prevalence rate of HIV, HBV and HCV, the cumulative prevalence is invariably high in Africa and therefore, test sensitivity is critical. Nucleic acid testing is highly sensitive but is not affordable. New inexpensive and effective testing technology as well as pathogen inactivation techniques directed towards the needs of developing countries should become a major target of external support.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1778-428X.2004.tb00108.x
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:5FEB5D153D84DC7C3F4D8E57FA170B299A2CD6E1Le document en format XML
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To prepare enough safe blood in a sustainable fashion, African countries need to optimize use of their own resources and develop ways to produce affordable safe blood appropriate to their own situations. Uncritical adoption of external advice and models, particularly those from more wealthy countries, may lead to problems of sustainability unless they are adapted for use in resource‐poor environments. Sub‐Saharan African countries have developed a variety of systems to achieve the objective of producing safe blood. These vary from centralized, high volume, modern blood centers to locally organized donor programs for isolated district health care facilities. The wide range of systems to recruit, select and retain blood donors and of availability of choice of reagents and equipment to screen blood allows flexibility so that the transfusion process can be adapted to local circumstances and resources. With variations in the prevalence rate of HIV, HBV and HCV, the cumulative prevalence is invariably high in Africa and therefore, test sensitivity is critical. Nucleic acid testing is highly sensitive but is not affordable. New inexpensive and effective testing technology as well as pathogen inactivation techniques directed towards the needs of developing countries should become a major target of external support.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>transfusion</json:string><json:string>blood transfusion</json:string><json:string>hbsag</json:string><json:string>transfusion medicine page</json:string><json:string>blood donors</json:string><json:string>zimbabwe</json:string><json:string>blood safety</json:string><json:string>malawi</json:string><json:string>transfusion alternatives</json:string><json:string>safe blood</json:string><json:string>blood supply</json:string><json:string>transfusion services</json:string><json:string>donor</json:string><json:string>residual risk</json:string><json:string>assay</json:string><json:string>quality assurance</json:string><json:string>west africa</json:string><json:string>whole blood</json:string><json:string>viral markers</json:string><json:string>volunteer donors</json:string><json:string>secondary school students</json:string><json:string>rapid tests</json:string><json:string>risk factors</json:string><json:string>replacement donors</json:string><json:string>unnecessary transfusions</json:string><json:string>poorer countries</json:string><json:string>blood bags</json:string><json:string>african countries</json:string><json:string>malaria transmission</json:string><json:string>high prevalence</json:string><json:string>prevalence</json:string><json:string>screening</json:string><json:string>young children</json:string><json:string>blood units</json:string><json:string>subsaharan africa</json:string><json:string>health policy plan</json:string><json:string>african congress</json:string><json:string>blood components</json:string><json:string>voluntary donors</json:string><json:string>health services</json:string><json:string>many years</json:string><json:string>cold chain</json:string><json:string>central africa</json:string><json:string>screening tests</json:string><json:string>blood group</json:string><json:string>blood banks</json:string><json:string>external support</json:string><json:string>donor blood</json:string><json:string>high performance</json:string><json:string>more costeffective</json:string><json:string>regular supply</json:string><json:string>inadequate storage conditions</json:string><json:string>replacement donor system</json:string><json:string>enzyme immunoassays</json:string><json:string>multiple strategies</json:string><json:string>transfusion service</json:string><json:string>typical district hospital</json:string><json:string>wealthy countries</json:string><json:string>blood transfusions</json:string><json:string>transfusion guidelines</json:string><json:string>hemoglobin level</json:string><json:string>gynaecol obstet suppl</json:string><json:string>transfusion process</json:string><json:string>west african city</json:string><json:string>transfus clin biol suppl</json:string><json:string>malaria</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>Jean‐Pierre Allain MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Hematology University of Cambridge Cambridge, United Kingdom</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Shirley Owusu‐Ofori MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Transfusion Medicine Unit Department of Medicine Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi, Ghana</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Imelda Bates MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Liverpool, United Kingdom</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Blood supply</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Safe blood</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Blood screening</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>TATM16</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>The population of Sub‐Saharan Africa has an average annual income of $400–1000 and cannot afford blood produced according to the standards established by affluent countries. To prepare enough safe blood in a sustainable fashion, African countries need to optimize use of their own resources and develop ways to produce affordable safe blood appropriate to their own situations. Uncritical adoption of external advice and models, particularly those from more wealthy countries, may lead to problems of sustainability unless they are adapted for use in resource‐poor environments. Sub‐Saharan African countries have developed a variety of systems to achieve the objective of producing safe blood. These vary from centralized, high volume, modern blood centers to locally organized donor programs for isolated district health care facilities. The wide range of systems to recruit, select and retain blood donors and of availability of choice of reagents and equipment to screen blood allows flexibility so that the transfusion process can be adapted to local circumstances and resources. With variations in the prevalence rate of HIV, HBV and HCV, the cumulative prevalence is invariably high in Africa and therefore, test sensitivity is critical. Nucleic acid testing is highly sensitive but is not affordable. New inexpensive and effective testing technology as well as pathogen inactivation techniques directed towards the needs of developing countries should become a major target of external support.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8.176</score><pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>612 x 792 pts (letter)</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1502</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>5461</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>34841</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>8</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>223</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Blood Transfusion in Sub‐Saharan Africa</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><title>Transfusion Alternatives in Transfusion 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type="eISSN">1778-428X</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1778-428X</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1111/tatm.2004.6.issue-1</idno><idno type="product">TATM</idno><idno type="publisherDivision">ST</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="16">16</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="23">23</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">8</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2004-03"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main"><head>SUMMARY</head><p>The population of Sub‐Saharan Africa has an average annual income of $400–1000 and cannot afford blood produced according to the standards established by affluent countries. To prepare enough safe blood in a sustainable fashion, African countries need to optimize use of their own resources and develop ways to produce affordable safe blood appropriate to their own situations. Uncritical adoption of external advice and models, particularly those from more wealthy countries, may lead to problems of sustainability unless they are adapted for use in resource‐poor environments. Sub‐Saharan African countries have developed a variety of systems to achieve the objective of producing safe blood. These vary from centralized, high volume, modern blood centers to locally organized donor programs for isolated district health care facilities. The wide range of systems to recruit, select and retain blood donors and of availability of choice of reagents and equipment to screen blood allows flexibility so that the transfusion process can be adapted to local circumstances and resources. With variations in the prevalence rate of HIV, HBV and HCV, the cumulative prevalence is invariably high in Africa and therefore, test sensitivity is critical. Nucleic acid testing is highly sensitive but is not affordable. New inexpensive and effective testing technology as well as pathogen inactivation techniques directed towards the needs of developing countries should become a major target of external support.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords xml:lang="en"><term xml:id="k1">Blood supply</term><term xml:id="k2">Safe blood</term><term xml:id="k3">Blood screening</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>Original Article</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/5FEB5D153D84DC7C3F4D8E57FA170B299A2CD6E1/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1778-428X</doi><issn type="print">1295-9022</issn><issn type="electronic">1778-428X</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="TATM"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="TRANSFUSION ALTERNATIVES IN TRANSFUSION MEDICINE">Transfusion Alternatives in Transfusion Medicine</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="03001"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/tatm.2004.6.issue-1</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="6">6</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="1">1</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2004-03">March 2004</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="0001600" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1778-428X.2004.tb00108.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="TATM16"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="8"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Original Article</title></titleGroup><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2008-06-28"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2008-06-28"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:HeaderRef result:HeaderRef" date="2010-03-04"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-10"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-11-04"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="16">16</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="23">23</numbering></numberingGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:TATM.TATM16.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="referenceTotal" number="44"></count><count type="linksCrossRef" number="3"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Blood Transfusion in Sub‐Saharan Africa</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Jean‐Pierre</givenNames><familyName>Allain</familyName><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>Shirley</givenNames><familyName>Owusu‐Ofori</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a3"><personName><givenNames>Imelda</givenNames><familyName>Bates</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="GB"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Hematology University of Cambridge Cambridge, United Kingdom</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="GH"><unparsedAffiliation>Transfusion Medicine Unit Department of Medicine Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi, Ghana</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="GB"><unparsedAffiliation>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Liverpool, United Kingdom</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">Blood supply</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">Safe blood</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">Blood screening</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">SUMMARY</title><p>The population of Sub‐Saharan Africa has an average annual income of $400–1000 and cannot afford blood produced according to the standards established by affluent countries. To prepare enough safe blood in a sustainable fashion, African countries need to optimize use of their own resources and develop ways to produce affordable safe blood appropriate to their own situations. Uncritical adoption of external advice and models, particularly those from more wealthy countries, may lead to problems of sustainability unless they are adapted for use in resource‐poor environments. Sub‐Saharan African countries have developed a variety of systems to achieve the objective of producing safe blood. These vary from centralized, high volume, modern blood centers to locally organized donor programs for isolated district health care facilities. The wide range of systems to recruit, select and retain blood donors and of availability of choice of reagents and equipment to screen blood allows flexibility so that the transfusion process can be adapted to local circumstances and resources. With variations in the prevalence rate of HIV, HBV and HCV, the cumulative prevalence is invariably high in Africa and therefore, test sensitivity is critical. Nucleic acid testing is highly sensitive but is not affordable. New inexpensive and effective testing technology as well as pathogen inactivation techniques directed towards the needs of developing countries should become a major target of external support.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Blood Transfusion in Sub‐Saharan Africa</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Blood Transfusion in Sub‐Saharan Africa</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jean‐Pierre</namePart><namePart type="family">Allain</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Hematology University of Cambridge Cambridge, United Kingdom</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Shirley</namePart><namePart type="family">Owusu‐Ofori</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Transfusion Medicine Unit Department of Medicine Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi, Ghana</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Imelda</namePart><namePart type="family">Bates</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Liverpool, United Kingdom</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2004-03</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2004</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="references">44</extent><extent unit="linksCrossRef">3</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The population of Sub‐Saharan Africa has an average annual income of $400–1000 and cannot afford blood produced according to the standards established by affluent countries. To prepare enough safe blood in a sustainable fashion, African countries need to optimize use of their own resources and develop ways to produce affordable safe blood appropriate to their own situations. Uncritical adoption of external advice and models, particularly those from more wealthy countries, may lead to problems of sustainability unless they are adapted for use in resource‐poor environments. Sub‐Saharan African countries have developed a variety of systems to achieve the objective of producing safe blood. These vary from centralized, high volume, modern blood centers to locally organized donor programs for isolated district health care facilities. The wide range of systems to recruit, select and retain blood donors and of availability of choice of reagents and equipment to screen blood allows flexibility so that the transfusion process can be adapted to local circumstances and resources. With variations in the prevalence rate of HIV, HBV and HCV, the cumulative prevalence is invariably high in Africa and therefore, test sensitivity is critical. Nucleic acid testing is highly sensitive but is not affordable. New inexpensive and effective testing technology as well as pathogen inactivation techniques directed towards the needs of developing countries should become a major target of external support.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Blood supply</topic><topic>Safe blood</topic><topic>Blood screening</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Transfusion Alternatives in Transfusion Medicine</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1295-9022</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1778-428X</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1778-428X</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">TATM</identifier><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>6</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>16</start><end>23</end><total>8</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">5FEB5D153D84DC7C3F4D8E57FA170B299A2CD6E1</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-2FGRVP49-N</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1778-428X.2004.tb00108.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">TATM16</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-L0C46X92-X">wiley</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/5FEB5D153D84DC7C3F4D8E57FA170B299A2CD6E1/metadata/json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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