Measuring mortality due to HIV-associated tuberculosis among adults in South Africa: Comparing verbal autopsy, minimally-invasive autopsy, and research data.
Identifieur interne : 000490 ( PubMed/Curation ); précédent : 000489; suivant : 000491Measuring mortality due to HIV-associated tuberculosis among adults in South Africa: Comparing verbal autopsy, minimally-invasive autopsy, and research data.
Auteurs : Aaron S. Karat [Royaume-Uni] ; Mpho Tlali [Afrique du Sud] ; Katherine L. Fielding [Royaume-Uni] ; Salome Charalambous [Afrique du Sud] ; Violet N. Chihota [Afrique du Sud] ; Gavin J. Churchyard [Afrique du Sud] ; Yasmeen Hanifa [Royaume-Uni] ; Suzanne Johnson [Afrique du Sud] ; Kerrigan Mccarthy [Afrique du Sud] ; Neil A. Martinson [Afrique du Sud] ; Tanvier Omar [Afrique du Sud] ; Kathleen Kahn [Afrique du Sud] ; Daniel Chandramohan [Royaume-Uni] ; Alison D. Grant [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- PloS one [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2017.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- mortalité : Infections à VIH, Tuberculose pulmonaire.
- épidémiologie : République d'Afrique du Sud.
- étiologie : Tuberculose pulmonaire.
- Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Autopsie, Cause de décès, Femelle, Humains, Infections à VIH, Interventions chirurgicales mini-invasives, Mâle.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- complications : HIV Infections.
- epidemiology : South Africa.
- etiology : Tuberculosis, Pulmonary.
- methods : Autopsy.
- mortality : HIV Infections, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary.
- Adult, Cause of Death, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures.
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) aims to reduce tuberculosis (TB) deaths by 95% by 2035; tracking progress requires accurate measurement of TB mortality. International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes do not differentiate between HIV-associated TB and HIV more generally. Verbal autopsy (VA) is used to estimate cause of death (CoD) patterns but has mostly been validated against a suboptimal gold standard for HIV and TB. This study, conducted among HIV-positive adults, aimed to estimate the accuracy of VA in ascertaining TB and HIV CoD when compared to a reference standard derived from a variety of clinical sources including, in some, minimally-invasive autopsy (MIA).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174097
PubMed: 28334030
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Karat</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tlali, Mpho" sort="Tlali, Mpho" uniqKey="Tlali M" first="Mpho" last="Tlali">Mpho Tlali</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fielding, Katherine L" sort="Fielding, Katherine L" uniqKey="Fielding K" first="Katherine L" last="Fielding">Katherine L. Fielding</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Charalambous, Salome" sort="Charalambous, Salome" uniqKey="Charalambous S" first="Salome" last="Charalambous">Salome Charalambous</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chihota, Violet N" sort="Chihota, Violet N" uniqKey="Chihota V" first="Violet N" last="Chihota">Violet N. 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Churchyard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hanifa, Yasmeen" sort="Hanifa, Yasmeen" uniqKey="Hanifa Y" first="Yasmeen" last="Hanifa">Yasmeen Hanifa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Suzanne" sort="Johnson, Suzanne" uniqKey="Johnson S" first="Suzanne" last="Johnson">Suzanne Johnson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Foundation for Professional Development, Pretoria, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Foundation for Professional Development, Pretoria</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mccarthy, Kerrigan" sort="Mccarthy, Kerrigan" uniqKey="Mccarthy K" first="Kerrigan" last="Mccarthy">Kerrigan Mccarthy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinson, Neil A" sort="Martinson, Neil A" uniqKey="Martinson N" first="Neil A" last="Martinson">Neil A. Martinson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Perinatal HIV Research Unit, and Medical Research Council Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS and TB, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Perinatal HIV Research Unit, and Medical Research Council Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS and TB, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Omar, Tanvier" sort="Omar, Tanvier" uniqKey="Omar T" first="Tanvier" last="Omar">Tanvier Omar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anatomical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anatomical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kahn, Kathleen" sort="Kahn, Kathleen" uniqKey="Kahn K" first="Kathleen" last="Kahn">Kathleen Kahn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chandramohan, Daniel" sort="Chandramohan, Daniel" uniqKey="Chandramohan D" first="Daniel" last="Chandramohan">Daniel Chandramohan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grant, Alison D" sort="Grant, Alison D" uniqKey="Grant A" first="Alison D" last="Grant">Alison D. Grant</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PloS one</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Autopsy (methods)</term><term>Cause of Death</term><term>Female</term><term>HIV Infections (complications)</term><term>HIV Infections (mortality)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures</term><term>South Africa (epidemiology)</term><term>Tuberculosis, Pulmonary (etiology)</term><term>Tuberculosis, Pulmonary (mortality)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Autopsie ()</term><term>Cause de décès</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Infections à VIH ()</term><term>Infections à VIH (mortalité)</term><term>Interventions chirurgicales mini-invasives</term><term>Mâle</term><term>République d'Afrique du Sud (épidémiologie)</term><term>Tuberculose pulmonaire (mortalité)</term><term>Tuberculose pulmonaire (étiologie)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="complications" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>South Africa</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="etiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Tuberculosis, Pulmonary</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Autopsy</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortality" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term><term>Tuberculosis, Pulmonary</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortalité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à VIH</term><term>Tuberculose pulmonaire</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>République d'Afrique du Sud</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="étiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Tuberculose pulmonaire</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Cause of Death</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Autopsie</term><term>Cause de décès</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Infections à VIH</term><term>Interventions chirurgicales mini-invasives</term><term>Mâle</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The World Health Organization (WHO) aims to reduce tuberculosis (TB) deaths by 95% by 2035; tracking progress requires accurate measurement of TB mortality. International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes do not differentiate between HIV-associated TB and HIV more generally. Verbal autopsy (VA) is used to estimate cause of death (CoD) patterns but has mostly been validated against a suboptimal gold standard for HIV and TB. This study, conducted among HIV-positive adults, aimed to estimate the accuracy of VA in ascertaining TB and HIV CoD when compared to a reference standard derived from a variety of clinical sources including, in some, minimally-invasive autopsy (MIA).</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">28334030</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2017</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>23</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2017</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>22</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>22</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1932-6203</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>12</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><PubDate><Year>2017</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>PloS one</Title><ISOAbbreviation>PLoS ONE</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Measuring mortality due to HIV-associated tuberculosis among adults in South Africa: Comparing verbal autopsy, minimally-invasive autopsy, and research data.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e0174097</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1371/journal.pone.0174097</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">The World Health Organization (WHO) aims to reduce tuberculosis (TB) deaths by 95% by 2035; tracking progress requires accurate measurement of TB mortality. International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes do not differentiate between HIV-associated TB and HIV more generally. Verbal autopsy (VA) is used to estimate cause of death (CoD) patterns but has mostly been validated against a suboptimal gold standard for HIV and TB. This study, conducted among HIV-positive adults, aimed to estimate the accuracy of VA in ascertaining TB and HIV CoD when compared to a reference standard derived from a variety of clinical sources including, in some, minimally-invasive autopsy (MIA).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS AND FINDINGS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Decedents were enrolled into a trial of empirical TB treatment or a cohort exploring diagnostic algorithms for TB in South Africa. The WHO 2012 instrument was used; VA CoD were assigned using physician-certified VA (PCVA), InterVA-4, and SmartVA-Analyze. Reference CoD were assigned using MIA, research, and health facility data, as available. 259 VAs were completed: 147 (57%) decedents were female; median age was 39 (interquartile range [IQR] 33-47) years and CD4 count 51 (IQR 22-102) cells/μL. Compared to reference CoD that included MIA (n = 34), VA underestimated mortality due to HIV/AIDS (94% reference, 74% PCVA, 47% InterVA-4, and 41% SmartVA-Analyze; chance-corrected concordance [CCC] 0.71, 0.42, and 0.31, respectively) and HIV-associated TB (41% reference, 32% PCVA; CCC 0.23). For individual decedents, all VA methods agreed poorly with reference CoD that did not include MIA (n = 259; overall CCC 0.14, 0.06, and 0.15 for PCVA, InterVA-4, and SmartVA-Analyze); agreement was better at population level (cause-specific mortality fraction accuracy 0.78, 0.61, and 0.57, for the three methods, respectively).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Current VA methods underestimate mortality due to HIV-associated TB. ICD and VA methods need modifications that allow for more specific evaluation of HIV-related deaths and direct estimation of mortality due to HIV-associated TB.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Karat</LastName><ForeName>Aaron S</ForeName><Initials>AS</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9643-664X</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tlali</LastName><ForeName>Mpho</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fielding</LastName><ForeName>Katherine L</ForeName><Initials>KL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Charalambous</LastName><ForeName>Salome</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chihota</LastName><ForeName>Violet N</ForeName><Initials>VN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Churchyard</LastName><ForeName>Gavin J</ForeName><Initials>GJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hanifa</LastName><ForeName>Yasmeen</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Johnson</LastName><ForeName>Suzanne</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Foundation for Professional Development, Pretoria, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McCarthy</LastName><ForeName>Kerrigan</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Public Health, Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Disease of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martinson</LastName><ForeName>Neil A</ForeName><Initials>NA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Perinatal HIV Research Unit, and Medical Research Council Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS and TB, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Johns Hopkins University Center for TB Research, Baltimore, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Science and Technology / National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Omar</LastName><ForeName>Tanvier</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anatomical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kahn</LastName><ForeName>Kathleen</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chandramohan</LastName><ForeName>Daniel</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Grant</LastName><ForeName>Alison D</ForeName><Initials>AD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Africa Health Research Institute, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2017</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>23</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>PLoS 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