Tuberculosis in Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Diagnosis and Screening Practices.
Identifieur interne : 000696 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000695; suivant : 000697Tuberculosis in Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Diagnosis and Screening Practices.
Auteurs : Marie Ballif ; Lorna Renner ; Jean Claude Dusingize ; Valeriane Leroy ; Samuel Ayaya ; Kara Wools-Kaloustian ; Claudia P. Cortes ; Catherine C. Mcgowan ; Claire Graber ; Anna M. Mandalakas ; Lynne M. Mofenson ; Matthias Egger ; Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati ; Revathy Nallusamy ; Gary Reubenson ; Mary-Ann Davies ; Lukas FennerSource :
- Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society [ 2048-7207 ] ; 2015.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Africa South of the Sahara, Americas, Anti-HIV Agents (economics), Anti-HIV Agents (therapeutic use), Asia, Child, Child, Preschool, Developing Countries, HIV Infections (complications), HIV Infections (drug therapy), HIV Infections (economics), Humans, Infant, Microscopy (economics), Microscopy (methods), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (isolation & purification), Poverty, Radiography, Thoracic (economics), Radiography, Thoracic (methods), Sputum (microbiology), Tuberculosis (complications), Tuberculosis (diagnosis), Tuberculosis (drug therapy), Tuberculosis (economics).
- MESH :
- chemical , economics : Anti-HIV Agents.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Anti-HIV Agents.
- complications : HIV Infections, Tuberculosis.
- diagnosis : Tuberculosis.
- drug therapy : HIV Infections, Tuberculosis.
- economics : HIV Infections, Microscopy, Radiography, Thoracic, Tuberculosis.
- isolation & purification : Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- methods : Microscopy, Radiography, Thoracic.
- microbiology : Sputum.
- Africa South of the Sahara, Americas, Asia, Child, Child, Preschool, Developing Countries, Humans, Infant, Poverty.
Abstract
The global burden of childhood tuberculosis (TB) is estimated to be 0.5 million new cases per year. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children are at high risk for TB. Diagnosis of TB in HIV-infected children remains a major challenge.
DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piu020
PubMed: 26407355
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:26407355Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Tuberculosis in Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Diagnosis and Screening Practices.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Ballif, Marie" sort="Ballif, Marie" uniqKey="Ballif M" first="Marie" last="Ballif">Marie Ballif</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Renner, Lorna" sort="Renner, Lorna" uniqKey="Renner L" first="Lorna" last="Renner">Lorna Renner</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Ghana Medical School, Korle Bu, Accra.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Claude Dusingize, Jean" sort="Claude Dusingize, Jean" uniqKey="Claude Dusingize J" first="Jean" last="Claude Dusingize">Jean Claude Dusingize</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Women's Equity in Access to Care & Treatment, Kigali, Rwanda.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leroy, Valeriane" sort="Leroy, Valeriane" uniqKey="Leroy V" first="Valeriane" last="Leroy">Valeriane Leroy</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Inserm, U897, Epidémiologie-Biostatistiques ISPED, University of Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ayaya, Samuel" sort="Ayaya, Samuel" uniqKey="Ayaya S" first="Samuel" last="Ayaya">Samuel Ayaya</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Child Health and Pediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wools Kaloustian, Kara" sort="Wools Kaloustian, Kara" uniqKey="Wools Kaloustian K" first="Kara" last="Wools-Kaloustian">Kara Wools-Kaloustian</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Indiana University School of Medicine.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cortes, Claudia P" sort="Cortes, Claudia P" uniqKey="Cortes C" first="Claudia P" last="Cortes">Claudia P. Cortes</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Chile School of Medicine, Santiago.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcgowan, Catherine C" sort="Mcgowan, Catherine C" uniqKey="Mcgowan C" first="Catherine C" last="Mcgowan">Catherine C. Mcgowan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Graber, Claire" sort="Graber, Claire" uniqKey="Graber C" first="Claire" last="Graber">Claire Graber</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mandalakas, Anna M" sort="Mandalakas, Anna M" uniqKey="Mandalakas A" first="Anna M" last="Mandalakas">Anna M. Mandalakas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Tuberculosis Initiative, Texas Children's Hospital, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mofenson, Lynne M" sort="Mofenson, Lynne M" uniqKey="Mofenson L" first="Lynne M" last="Mofenson">Lynne M. Mofenson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Egger, Matthias" sort="Egger, Matthias" uniqKey="Egger M" first="Matthias" last="Egger">Matthias Egger</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kumara Wati, Ketut Dewi" sort="Kumara Wati, Ketut Dewi" uniqKey="Kumara Wati K" first="Ketut Dewi" last="Kumara Wati">Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Sanglah Hospital, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nallusamy, Revathy" sort="Nallusamy, Revathy" uniqKey="Nallusamy R" first="Revathy" last="Nallusamy">Revathy Nallusamy</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Penang Hospital, Malaysia.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reubenson, Gary" sort="Reubenson, Gary" uniqKey="Reubenson G" first="Gary" last="Reubenson">Gary Reubenson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Davies, Mary Ann" sort="Davies, Mary Ann" uniqKey="Davies M" first="Mary-Ann" last="Davies">Mary-Ann Davies</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fenner, Lukas" sort="Fenner, Lukas" uniqKey="Fenner L" first="Lukas" last="Fenner">Lukas Fenner</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland University of Basel, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<date when="2015">2015</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:26407355</idno>
<idno type="pmid">26407355</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1093/jpids/piu020</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000696</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000696</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Tuberculosis in Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Diagnosis and Screening Practices.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Ballif, Marie" sort="Ballif, Marie" uniqKey="Ballif M" first="Marie" last="Ballif">Marie Ballif</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Renner, Lorna" sort="Renner, Lorna" uniqKey="Renner L" first="Lorna" last="Renner">Lorna Renner</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Ghana Medical School, Korle Bu, Accra.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Claude Dusingize, Jean" sort="Claude Dusingize, Jean" uniqKey="Claude Dusingize J" first="Jean" last="Claude Dusingize">Jean Claude Dusingize</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Women's Equity in Access to Care & Treatment, Kigali, Rwanda.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leroy, Valeriane" sort="Leroy, Valeriane" uniqKey="Leroy V" first="Valeriane" last="Leroy">Valeriane Leroy</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Inserm, U897, Epidémiologie-Biostatistiques ISPED, University of Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ayaya, Samuel" sort="Ayaya, Samuel" uniqKey="Ayaya S" first="Samuel" last="Ayaya">Samuel Ayaya</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Child Health and Pediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wools Kaloustian, Kara" sort="Wools Kaloustian, Kara" uniqKey="Wools Kaloustian K" first="Kara" last="Wools-Kaloustian">Kara Wools-Kaloustian</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Indiana University School of Medicine.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cortes, Claudia P" sort="Cortes, Claudia P" uniqKey="Cortes C" first="Claudia P" last="Cortes">Claudia P. Cortes</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Chile School of Medicine, Santiago.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcgowan, Catherine C" sort="Mcgowan, Catherine C" uniqKey="Mcgowan C" first="Catherine C" last="Mcgowan">Catherine C. Mcgowan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Graber, Claire" sort="Graber, Claire" uniqKey="Graber C" first="Claire" last="Graber">Claire Graber</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mandalakas, Anna M" sort="Mandalakas, Anna M" uniqKey="Mandalakas A" first="Anna M" last="Mandalakas">Anna M. Mandalakas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Tuberculosis Initiative, Texas Children's Hospital, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mofenson, Lynne M" sort="Mofenson, Lynne M" uniqKey="Mofenson L" first="Lynne M" last="Mofenson">Lynne M. Mofenson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Egger, Matthias" sort="Egger, Matthias" uniqKey="Egger M" first="Matthias" last="Egger">Matthias Egger</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kumara Wati, Ketut Dewi" sort="Kumara Wati, Ketut Dewi" uniqKey="Kumara Wati K" first="Ketut Dewi" last="Kumara Wati">Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Sanglah Hospital, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nallusamy, Revathy" sort="Nallusamy, Revathy" uniqKey="Nallusamy R" first="Revathy" last="Nallusamy">Revathy Nallusamy</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Penang Hospital, Malaysia.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reubenson, Gary" sort="Reubenson, Gary" uniqKey="Reubenson G" first="Gary" last="Reubenson">Gary Reubenson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Davies, Mary Ann" sort="Davies, Mary Ann" uniqKey="Davies M" first="Mary-Ann" last="Davies">Mary-Ann Davies</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fenner, Lukas" sort="Fenner, Lukas" uniqKey="Fenner L" first="Lukas" last="Fenner">Lukas Fenner</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland University of Basel, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society</title>
<idno type="eISSN">2048-7207</idno>
<imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Africa South of the Sahara</term>
<term>Americas</term>
<term>Anti-HIV Agents (economics)</term>
<term>Anti-HIV Agents (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Asia</term>
<term>Child</term>
<term>Child, Preschool</term>
<term>Developing Countries</term>
<term>HIV Infections (complications)</term>
<term>HIV Infections (drug therapy)</term>
<term>HIV Infections (economics)</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Infant</term>
<term>Microscopy (economics)</term>
<term>Microscopy (methods)</term>
<term>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (isolation & purification)</term>
<term>Poverty</term>
<term>Radiography, Thoracic (economics)</term>
<term>Radiography, Thoracic (methods)</term>
<term>Sputum (microbiology)</term>
<term>Tuberculosis (complications)</term>
<term>Tuberculosis (diagnosis)</term>
<term>Tuberculosis (drug therapy)</term>
<term>Tuberculosis (economics)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="economics" xml:lang="en"><term>Anti-HIV Agents</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Anti-HIV Agents</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="complications" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term>
<term>Tuberculosis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Tuberculosis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term>
<term>Tuberculosis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="economics" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term>
<term>Microscopy</term>
<term>Radiography, Thoracic</term>
<term>Tuberculosis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Microscopy</term>
<term>Radiography, Thoracic</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Sputum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Africa South of the Sahara</term>
<term>Americas</term>
<term>Asia</term>
<term>Child</term>
<term>Child, Preschool</term>
<term>Developing Countries</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Infant</term>
<term>Poverty</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The global burden of childhood tuberculosis (TB) is estimated to be 0.5 million new cases per year. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children are at high risk for TB. Diagnosis of TB in HIV-infected children remains a major challenge.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">26407355</PMID>
<DateCreated><Year>2015</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
<Day>26</Day>
</DateCreated>
<DateCompleted><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
<Day>09</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
<Day>10</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2048-7207</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>4</Volume>
<Issue>1</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2015</Year>
<Month>Mar</Month>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Tuberculosis in Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Diagnosis and Screening Practices.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>30-8</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1093/jpids/piu020</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">The global burden of childhood tuberculosis (TB) is estimated to be 0.5 million new cases per year. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children are at high risk for TB. Diagnosis of TB in HIV-infected children remains a major challenge.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">We describe TB diagnosis and screening practices of pediatric antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. We used web-based questionnaires to collect data on ART programs and patients seen from March to July 2012. Forty-three ART programs treating children in 23 countries participated in the study.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Sputum microscopy and chest Radiograph were available at all programs, mycobacterial culture in 40 (93%) sites, gastric aspiration in 27 (63%), induced sputum in 23 (54%), and Xpert MTB/RIF in 16 (37%) sites. Screening practices to exclude active TB before starting ART included contact history in 41 sites (84%), symptom screening in 38 (88%), and chest Radiograph in 34 sites (79%). The use of diagnostic tools was examined among 146 children diagnosed with TB during the study period. Chest Radiograph was used in 125 (86%) children, sputum microscopy in 76 (52%), induced sputum microscopy in 38 (26%), gastric aspirate microscopy in 35 (24%), culture in 25 (17%), and Xpert MTB/RIF in 11 (8%) children.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Induced sputum and Xpert MTB/RIF were infrequently available to diagnose childhood TB, and screening was largely based on symptom identification. There is an urgent need to improve the capacity of ART programs in low- and middle-income countries to exclude and diagnose TB in HIV-infected children.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ballif</LastName>
<ForeName>Marie</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Renner</LastName>
<ForeName>Lorna</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Ghana Medical School, Korle Bu, Accra.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Claude Dusingize</LastName>
<ForeName>Jean</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Women's Equity in Access to Care & Treatment, Kigali, Rwanda.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Leroy</LastName>
<ForeName>Valeriane</ForeName>
<Initials>V</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Inserm, U897, Epidémiologie-Biostatistiques ISPED, University of Bordeaux, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ayaya</LastName>
<ForeName>Samuel</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Child Health and Pediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Kenya.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wools-Kaloustian</LastName>
<ForeName>Kara</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Indiana University School of Medicine.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cortes</LastName>
<ForeName>Claudia P</ForeName>
<Initials>CP</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Chile School of Medicine, Santiago.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McGowan</LastName>
<ForeName>Catherine C</ForeName>
<Initials>CC</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Graber</LastName>
<ForeName>Claire</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mandalakas</LastName>
<ForeName>Anna M</ForeName>
<Initials>AM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Tuberculosis Initiative, Texas Children's Hospital, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mofenson</LastName>
<ForeName>Lynne M</ForeName>
<Initials>LM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Egger</LastName>
<ForeName>Matthias</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kumara Wati</LastName>
<ForeName>Ketut Dewi</ForeName>
<Initials>KD</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sanglah Hospital, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nallusamy</LastName>
<ForeName>Revathy</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Penang Hospital, Malaysia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Reubenson</LastName>
<ForeName>Gary</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Davies</LastName>
<ForeName>Mary-Ann</ForeName>
<Initials>MA</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fenner</LastName>
<ForeName>Lukas</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland University of Basel, Switzerland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><CollectiveName>International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA)</CollectiveName>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><CollectiveName>International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS IeDEA</CollectiveName>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>U01AI069924</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant><GrantID>U01AI069907</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant><GrantID>U01AI069911</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant><GrantID>U01A096299</GrantID>
<Agency>PHS HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant><GrantID>U01 AI069911</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant><GrantID>U01AI069919</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant><GrantID>U01AI069923</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
</GrantList>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D052061">Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2014</Year>
<Month>03</Month>
<Day>28</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country>
<MedlineTA>J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>101586049</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>2048-7193</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D019380">Anti-HIV Agents</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
</ChemicalList>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017954" MajorTopicYN="N">Africa South of the Sahara</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000569" MajorTopicYN="N">Americas</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019380" MajorTopicYN="N">Anti-HIV Agents</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000191" MajorTopicYN="Y">economics</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001208" MajorTopicYN="N">Asia</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002648" MajorTopicYN="N">Child</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002675" MajorTopicYN="N">Child, Preschool</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003906" MajorTopicYN="N">Developing Countries</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015658" MajorTopicYN="N">HIV Infections</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="N">complications</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="N">drug therapy</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000191" MajorTopicYN="N">economics</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007223" MajorTopicYN="N">Infant</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008853" MajorTopicYN="N">Microscopy</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000191" MajorTopicYN="N">economics</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009169" MajorTopicYN="N">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011203" MajorTopicYN="N">Poverty</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013902" MajorTopicYN="N">Radiography, Thoracic</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000191" MajorTopicYN="N">economics</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013183" MajorTopicYN="N">Sputum</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014376" MajorTopicYN="N">Tuberculosis</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="N">complications</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="Y">diagnosis</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="N">drug therapy</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000191" MajorTopicYN="Y">economics</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
<KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">HIV</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">low-income countries</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">pediatric</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">survey</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">tuberculosis.</Keyword>
</KeywordList>
<InvestigatorList><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ajayi</LastName>
<ForeName>Samuel</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Anastos</LastName>
<ForeName>Kathryn</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ballif</LastName>
<ForeName>Marie</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bashi</LastName>
<ForeName>Jules</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bishai</LastName>
<ForeName>William</ForeName>
<Initials>W</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boulle</LastName>
<ForeName>Andrew</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Braitstein</LastName>
<ForeName>Paula</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Carriquiry</LastName>
<ForeName>Gabriela</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Carter</LastName>
<ForeName>Jane E</ForeName>
<Initials>JE</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cegielski</LastName>
<ForeName>Peter</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chimbetete</LastName>
<ForeName>Cleophas</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Conrad</LastName>
<ForeName>Joseph</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cortes</LastName>
<ForeName>Claudia</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Davies</LastName>
<ForeName>Mary-Ann</ForeName>
<Initials>MA</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Diero</LastName>
<ForeName>Lameck</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Duda</LastName>
<ForeName>Stephany</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Durier</LastName>
<ForeName>Nicolas</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dusingize</LastName>
<ForeName>Jean Claude</ForeName>
<Initials>JC</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Egger</LastName>
<ForeName>Matthias</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Eboua</LastName>
<ForeName>Tanoh F</ForeName>
<Initials>TF</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fenner</LastName>
<ForeName>Lukas</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gasser</LastName>
<ForeName>Adrian</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Geng</LastName>
<ForeName>Elvin</ForeName>
<Initials>E</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gnokori</LastName>
<ForeName>Joachim Charles</ForeName>
<Initials>JC</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hardwicke</LastName>
<ForeName>Laura</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hoffmann</LastName>
<ForeName>Chris</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Huebner</LastName>
<ForeName>Robin</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kancheya</LastName>
<ForeName>Nzali</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kiertiburanakul</LastName>
<ForeName>Sasisopin</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kim</LastName>
<ForeName>Peter</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lameck</LastName>
<ForeName>Diero</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Leroy</LastName>
<ForeName>Valériane</ForeName>
<Initials>V</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lewden</LastName>
<ForeName>Charlotte</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lindegren</LastName>
<ForeName>Mary Lou</ForeName>
<Initials>ML</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mandalakas</LastName>
<ForeName>Anna</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Maskew</LastName>
<ForeName>Mhairi</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McKaig</LastName>
<ForeName>Rosemary</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mofenson</LastName>
<ForeName>Lynne</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mpoudi-Etame</LastName>
<ForeName>Mireille</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Okwara</LastName>
<ForeName>Benson</ForeName>
<Initials>B</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Phiri</LastName>
<ForeName>Sam</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Prasitsuebsai</LastName>
<ForeName>Wasana</ForeName>
<Initials>W</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Petit</LastName>
<ForeName>April</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Prozesky</LastName>
<ForeName>Hans</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Reid</LastName>
<ForeName>Stewart E</ForeName>
<Initials>SE</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Renner</LastName>
<ForeName>Lorna</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Reubenson</LastName>
<ForeName>Gary</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sohn</LastName>
<ForeName>Annette</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sterling</LastName>
<ForeName>Timothy</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vo</LastName>
<ForeName>Quynh</ForeName>
<Initials>Q</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Walker</LastName>
<ForeName>Dana</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wehbe</LastName>
<ForeName>Firas</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wejse</LastName>
<ForeName>Christian</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wester</LastName>
<ForeName>William</ForeName>
<Initials>W</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Williams</LastName>
<ForeName>Carlie</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wood</LastName>
<ForeName>Robin</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wools-Kaloustian</LastName>
<ForeName>Kara</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yao</LastName>
<ForeName>Zhang</ForeName>
<Initials>Z</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yunihastuti</LastName>
<ForeName>Evy</ForeName>
<Initials>E</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abrams</LastName>
<ForeName>Elaine</ForeName>
<Initials>E</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ananworanich</LastName>
<ForeName>Jintanat</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Anastos</LastName>
<ForeName>Kathryn</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Azondekon</LastName>
<ForeName>Alain</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Frieda Behets</LastName>
<ForeName>Melanie Bacon</ForeName>
<Initials>MB</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boulle</LastName>
<ForeName>Andrew</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Braitstein</LastName>
<ForeName>Paula</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cahn</LastName>
<ForeName>Pedro</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cesar</LastName>
<ForeName>Carina</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ciaranello</LastName>
<ForeName>Andrea</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Conrad</LastName>
<ForeName>Joseph</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dabis</LastName>
<ForeName>François</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Davies</LastName>
<ForeName>Mary-Ann</ForeName>
<Initials>MA</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Edmonds</LastName>
<ForeName>Andrew</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Egger</LastName>
<ForeName>Matthias</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Feinstein</LastName>
<ForeName>Lydia</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Graber</LastName>
<ForeName>Claire</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hardwicke</LastName>
<ForeName>Laura</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hazra</LastName>
<ForeName>Rohan</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hoover</LastName>
<ForeName>Don</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Huebner</LastName>
<ForeName>Robin</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Keiser</LastName>
<ForeName>Olivia</ForeName>
<Initials>O</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Leroy</LastName>
<ForeName>Valeriane</ForeName>
<Initials>V</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lindegren</LastName>
<ForeName>Mary Lou</ForeName>
<Initials>ML</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Magneres</LastName>
<ForeName>Maria Cecilia</ForeName>
<Initials>MC</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McGowan</LastName>
<ForeName>Catherine</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McKaig</LastName>
<ForeName>Rosemary</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Messerschmidt</LastName>
<ForeName>Liesl</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mofenson</LastName>
<ForeName>Lynne</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mpoudi-Etame</LastName>
<ForeName>Mireille</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Biribonwoha</LastName>
<ForeName>Harriet Nuwagaba</ForeName>
<Initials>HN</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sharp</LastName>
<ForeName>Gerald</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sohn</LastName>
<ForeName>Annette</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vo</LastName>
<ForeName>Quynh</ForeName>
<Initials>Q</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vreeman</LastName>
<ForeName>Rachel</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Walker</LastName>
<ForeName>Dana</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wehbe</LastName>
<ForeName>Firas</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wester</LastName>
<ForeName>William</ForeName>
<Initials>W</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Williams</LastName>
<ForeName>Carlie</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wools-Kaloustian</LastName>
<ForeName>Kara</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Worrell</LastName>
<ForeName>Carol</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yiannoutsos</LastName>
<ForeName>Constantine</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zwickl</LastName>
<ForeName>Beth</ForeName>
<Initials>B</Initials>
</Investigator>
</InvestigatorList>
</MedlineCitation>
<PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2013</Year>
<Month>11</Month>
<Day>21</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2014</Year>
<Month>02</Month>
<Day>17</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2015</Year>
<Month>9</Month>
<Day>26</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2015</Year>
<Month>9</Month>
<Day>26</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>1</Month>
<Day>10</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
</History>
<PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26407355</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pii">piu020</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1093/jpids/piu020</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</PubmedData>
</pubmed>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/SidaGhanaV1/Data/PubMed/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000696 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000696 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/Sante |area= SidaGhanaV1 |flux= PubMed |étape= Corpus |type= RBID |clé= pubmed:26407355 |texte= Tuberculosis in Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Diagnosis and Screening Practices. }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Corpus/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:26407355" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Corpus/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a SidaGhanaV1
This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.31. |