Transactional sex among young women in rural South Africa: prevalence, mediators and association with HIV infection.
Identifieur interne : 000557 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000556; suivant : 000558Transactional sex among young women in rural South Africa: prevalence, mediators and association with HIV infection.
Auteurs : Meghna Ranganathan ; Lori Heise ; Audrey Pettifor ; Richard J. Silverwood ; Amanda Selin ; Catherine Macphail ; Sinead Delany-Moretlwe ; Kathleen Kahn ; F Xavier G Mez-Olivé ; James P. Hughes ; Estelle Piwowar-Manning ; Oliver Laeyendecker ; Charlotte WattsSource :
- Journal of the International AIDS Society [ 1758-2652 ] ; 2016.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- epidemiology : HIV Infections, South Africa.
- prevention & control : HIV Infections.
- statistics & numerical data : Sex Work.
- Adolescent, African Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Rural Population, Self Report, Sexual Behavior, Young Adult.
Abstract
Young adolescent women in sub-Saharan Africa are three to four times more likely to be HIV-positive than boys or men. One of the relationship dynamics that is likely to be associated with young women's increased vulnerability to HIV is transactional sex. There are a range of HIV-related risk behaviours that may drive this vulnerability. However, to date, limited epidemiological data exist on the role of transactional sex in increasing HIV acquisition, especially among young women in sub-Saharan Africa. Our paper presents data on the prevalence of self-reported engagement in transactional sex and explores whether transactional sex is associated with increased risk of HIV infection among a cohort of young, rural, sexually active South African women. We also explore whether this relationship is mediated through certain HIV-related risk behaviours.
PubMed: 27469061
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Transactional sex among young women in rural South Africa: prevalence, mediators and association with HIV infection.</title><author><name sortKey="Ranganathan, Meghna" sort="Ranganathan, Meghna" uniqKey="Ranganathan M" first="Meghna" last="Ranganathan">Meghna Ranganathan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heise, Lori" sort="Heise, Lori" uniqKey="Heise L" first="Lori" last="Heise">Lori Heise</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pettifor, Audrey" sort="Pettifor, Audrey" uniqKey="Pettifor A" first="Audrey" last="Pettifor">Audrey Pettifor</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silverwood, Richard J" sort="Silverwood, Richard J" uniqKey="Silverwood R" first="Richard J" last="Silverwood">Richard J. Silverwood</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Selin, Amanda" sort="Selin, Amanda" uniqKey="Selin A" first="Amanda" last="Selin">Amanda Selin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macphail, Catherine" sort="Macphail, Catherine" uniqKey="Macphail C" first="Catherine" last="Macphail">Catherine Macphail</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delany Moretlwe, Sinead" sort="Delany Moretlwe, Sinead" uniqKey="Delany Moretlwe S" first="Sinead" last="Delany-Moretlwe">Sinead Delany-Moretlwe</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kahn, Kathleen" sort="Kahn, Kathleen" uniqKey="Kahn K" first="Kathleen" last="Kahn">Kathleen Kahn</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit (Agincourt), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="G Mez Olive, F Xavier" sort="G Mez Olive, F Xavier" uniqKey="G Mez Olive F" first="F Xavier" last="G Mez-Olivé">F Xavier G Mez-Olivé</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit (Agincourt), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hughes, James P" sort="Hughes, James P" uniqKey="Hughes J" first="James P" last="Hughes">James P. Hughes</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piwowar Manning, Estelle" sort="Piwowar Manning, Estelle" uniqKey="Piwowar Manning E" first="Estelle" last="Piwowar-Manning">Estelle Piwowar-Manning</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, HPTN Laboratory Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laeyendecker, Oliver" sort="Laeyendecker, Oliver" uniqKey="Laeyendecker O" first="Oliver" last="Laeyendecker">Oliver Laeyendecker</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Immuno-Regulation, NIAID, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watts, Charlotte" sort="Watts, Charlotte" uniqKey="Watts C" first="Charlotte" last="Watts">Charlotte Watts</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:27469061</idno><idno type="pmid">27469061</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000557</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000557</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Transactional sex among young women in rural South Africa: prevalence, mediators and association with HIV infection.</title><author><name sortKey="Ranganathan, Meghna" sort="Ranganathan, Meghna" uniqKey="Ranganathan M" first="Meghna" last="Ranganathan">Meghna Ranganathan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heise, Lori" sort="Heise, Lori" uniqKey="Heise L" first="Lori" last="Heise">Lori Heise</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pettifor, Audrey" sort="Pettifor, Audrey" uniqKey="Pettifor A" first="Audrey" last="Pettifor">Audrey Pettifor</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silverwood, Richard J" sort="Silverwood, Richard J" uniqKey="Silverwood R" first="Richard J" last="Silverwood">Richard J. Silverwood</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Selin, Amanda" sort="Selin, Amanda" uniqKey="Selin A" first="Amanda" last="Selin">Amanda Selin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macphail, Catherine" sort="Macphail, Catherine" uniqKey="Macphail C" first="Catherine" last="Macphail">Catherine Macphail</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delany Moretlwe, Sinead" sort="Delany Moretlwe, Sinead" uniqKey="Delany Moretlwe S" first="Sinead" last="Delany-Moretlwe">Sinead Delany-Moretlwe</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kahn, Kathleen" sort="Kahn, Kathleen" uniqKey="Kahn K" first="Kathleen" last="Kahn">Kathleen Kahn</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit (Agincourt), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="G Mez Olive, F Xavier" sort="G Mez Olive, F Xavier" uniqKey="G Mez Olive F" first="F Xavier" last="G Mez-Olivé">F Xavier G Mez-Olivé</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit (Agincourt), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hughes, James P" sort="Hughes, James P" uniqKey="Hughes J" first="James P" last="Hughes">James P. Hughes</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piwowar Manning, Estelle" sort="Piwowar Manning, Estelle" uniqKey="Piwowar Manning E" first="Estelle" last="Piwowar-Manning">Estelle Piwowar-Manning</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, HPTN Laboratory Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laeyendecker, Oliver" sort="Laeyendecker, Oliver" uniqKey="Laeyendecker O" first="Oliver" last="Laeyendecker">Oliver Laeyendecker</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Immuno-Regulation, NIAID, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watts, Charlotte" sort="Watts, Charlotte" uniqKey="Watts C" first="Charlotte" last="Watts">Charlotte Watts</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of the International AIDS Society</title><idno type="eISSN">1758-2652</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>African Continental Ancestry Group</term><term>Female</term><term>HIV Infections (epidemiology)</term><term>HIV Infections (prevention & control)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>Rural Population</term><term>Self Report</term><term>Sex Work (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Sexual Behavior</term><term>South Africa (epidemiology)</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term><term>South Africa</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Sex Work</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>African Continental Ancestry Group</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>Rural Population</term><term>Self Report</term><term>Sexual Behavior</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Young adolescent women in sub-Saharan Africa are three to four times more likely to be HIV-positive than boys or men. One of the relationship dynamics that is likely to be associated with young women's increased vulnerability to HIV is transactional sex. There are a range of HIV-related risk behaviours that may drive this vulnerability. However, to date, limited epidemiological data exist on the role of transactional sex in increasing HIV acquisition, especially among young women in sub-Saharan Africa. Our paper presents data on the prevalence of self-reported engagement in transactional sex and explores whether transactional sex is associated with increased risk of HIV infection among a cohort of young, rural, sexually active South African women. We also explore whether this relationship is mediated through certain HIV-related risk behaviours.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27469061</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2016</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>29</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2017</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>18</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>18</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1758-2652</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>19</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2016</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of the International AIDS Society</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Int AIDS Soc</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Transactional sex among young women in rural South Africa: prevalence, mediators and association with HIV infection.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>20749</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.7448/IAS.19.1.20749</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="INTRODUCTION" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Young adolescent women in sub-Saharan Africa are three to four times more likely to be HIV-positive than boys or men. One of the relationship dynamics that is likely to be associated with young women's increased vulnerability to HIV is transactional sex. There are a range of HIV-related risk behaviours that may drive this vulnerability. However, to date, limited epidemiological data exist on the role of transactional sex in increasing HIV acquisition, especially among young women in sub-Saharan Africa. Our paper presents data on the prevalence of self-reported engagement in transactional sex and explores whether transactional sex is associated with increased risk of HIV infection among a cohort of young, rural, sexually active South African women. We also explore whether this relationship is mediated through certain HIV-related risk behaviours.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">We analyzed baseline data from a phase III trial of conditional cash transfers for HIV prevention of 693 sexually active, school-going young women aged 13-20 years in rural South Africa. We examined the association between young women's engagement in transactional sex and HIV infection. Transactional sex is defined as a non-commercial, non-marital sexual relationship whereby sex is exchanged for money and/or gifts. We explored whether this relationship is mediated by certain HIV-related risk behaviours. We used logistic and multinomial regression and report unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Overall, 14% (n=97) of sexually active young women reported engaging in transactional sex. Engagement in transactional sex was associated with an increased risk of being HIV-positive (aOR: 2.5, CI: 95% 1.19-5.25, p=0.01). The effect size of this association remained nearly unchanged when adjusted for certain other dimensions of HIV risk that might help explain the underlying pathways for this relationship.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">This study provides quantitative support demonstrating that transactional sex is associated with HIV infection in young women. Even though the specific variables tested do not mediate the relationship, a potential explanation for this association may be that the men with whom young women are having sex belong to networks of sexually connected individuals who are at a "high risk" for HIV infection. The results highlight the importance of structural intervention approaches that can alter the context of young women's HIV risk.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ranganathan</LastName><ForeName>Meghna</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Meghna.Ranganathan@lshtm.ac.uk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Heise</LastName><ForeName>Lori</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pettifor</LastName><ForeName>Audrey</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit (Agincourt), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Silverwood</LastName><ForeName>Richard J</ForeName><Initials>RJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Selin</LastName><ForeName>Amanda</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>MacPhail</LastName><ForeName>Catherine</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit (Agincourt), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Delany-Moretlwe</LastName><ForeName>Sinead</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kahn</LastName><ForeName>Kathleen</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit (Agincourt), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations and Their Health (INDEPTH) Network, Accra, Ghana.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gómez-Olivé</LastName><ForeName>F Xavier</ForeName><Initials>FX</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit (Agincourt), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hughes</LastName><ForeName>James P</ForeName><Initials>JP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Piwowar-Manning</LastName><ForeName>Estelle</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, HPTN Laboratory Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Laeyendecker</LastName><ForeName>Oliver</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Immuno-Regulation, NIAID, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Watts</LastName><ForeName>Charlotte</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>P2C HD050924</GrantID><Acronym>HD</Acronym><Agency>NICHD NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>UM1 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women</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2015</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>12</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2016</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>28</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2016</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>23</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2016</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2016</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2017</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>19</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27469061</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">20749</ArticleId><ArticleId 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